Volume 1 Toc

CORDILLERA COMPLEX
Mountain View Adventure Resort
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Ar. Leah P. Dela
Rosa for the continuous support in finishing my thesis project and research, for her
patience, motivation, and immense knowledge. Her guidance helped me in all the
time of research and writing of this thesis.
I would especially like to thank Ms. Marissa Vidal, and behalf of Capas
Municipal Tourism Office in providing me important information of Capas
ecotourism in complementing my thesis project goal “geotourism”.
I would also like to thank Mr. Alex Lucero, a supervisor manager in
MATAM-IH restaurant, in accommodating my request to interview his insights
regarding our Aeta working in MATAM IH restaurant and educating me in the
essential needs, lifestyles, and culture of his employees.
Personally, my biggest thanks to my father, Edgar D. Manguan, for his
undying support in finishing my thesis, and his insights regarding most of the famous
tourism in the city according to his experience in mountain biking.
Last, but not the least, I would like to dedicate this thesis to my parents, for
their love, patience, in believing in me and being there for practical support, and most
important their financial help.
John Kenneth Guevarra Manguan
5 AR- 10 College of Architecture Batch 2018

CORDILLERA COMPLEX
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study 1
1.1.1 World Tourism 2
1.1.2 Tourism and Recreation 3
1.1.3 Overview of Mt. Pinatubo eruption and
socio-economic impacts. 4
1.1.4 Adventure Activities
1.1.4.1 Hike and Trek
1.1.4.2 Mountain Bike
1.1.4.3 ATV Adventure
10
1.2 Nature of the Study
11
1.2.1 Tourism in the Philippines
11
1.2.2 Famous Tourism in Tarlac City
13
1.2.3 History of Tourism in Mt. Pinatubo
14
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1.2.4 Padyakan sa Pinatubo
17
1.3 Statement of the Problem
27
1.3.1 Increasing number of Tourist in the Philippines
27
1.3.2 Poor advertisement of Tarlac Tourism
30
1.4 Significance of the Project
30
1.4.1 Environmental
31
1.4.2 Social & Cultural
31
1.4.3 Economic
31
1.5 Project Objectives
32
1.6 Project Goals
33
1.7Scope and Delimitation
34
1.8 Definition of Terms
35
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CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
38
2.1 The Tourism Industry
38
2.1.1 Tourism Business and Economic Development
38
2.1.2 Tourism and the Government
39
2.2 Geotourism
39
2.2.1 Benefits of Geotourism
41
2.3 What are Strategically Important Tourism Destinations and Attractions?
41
2.4 Tourism Products
42
2.5 Ensuring a Sustainable Form of Development
42
2.5.1 Traditional Tourism vs Sustainable Tourism
42
2.5.2 Managing the Tourist Torrent
43
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2.6 Development of Successful Resort Design with Vernacular Style
43
2.7 Mount Pinatubo
43
2.7.1 History and Geography of Mount Pinatubo before 1991
43
2.7.2 Nature of Mount Pinatubo Eruption
45
2.7.2.1 Lahar Hazards
45
2.7.3 Pre-Eruption of Mount Pinatubo
48
2.7.4 During Eruption of Mount Pinatubo
48
2.7.5 Impact of Mount Pinatubo Eruption
48
2.7.5.1 Areas and Population Affected
48
2.7.5.2 Socio-Economic Impact
50
2.7.5.3 Impact on Natural Resources
51
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2.7.5.4 Impact in Agriculture
52
2.7.5.5 Impact in Trade and Industry
53
2.7.5.6 Impact on Social Services
53
2.7.5.7 Impact in Public Infrastructure
56
2.7.5.8 Overall Impact of Mount Pinatubo Eruption
57
2.7.6 Post-Eruption of Mount Pinatubo
58
2.7.6.1 Mitigation through Recovery Plan
59
2.7.6.2 Growth of Tourism Economy
61
2.7.6.3 Lessons in Mount Pinatubo Eruption
62
2.7.7 Aetas in Mount Pinatubo
63
2.7.8 Transformation of Mount Pinatubo Lake
65
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2.7.9 Present-day in Mount Pinatubo Tourism
69
2.8 Mountain Trail Rating Guidelines
70
2.9 Risk Management in Volcano Tourism
73
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
75
3.1 Research Design
75
3.1.1 Descriptive Research
75
3.1.2 Case Study Research
75
3.1.3 Historical Research
76
3.2 Data Gathering Procedures
77
3.2.1 Qualitative Research
77
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3.2.2 Quantitative Research
78
3.3 Research Instrument
78
3.3.1 Surveys and Interviews
78
3.3.1.1 Key Informants
79
3.3.1.2 Respondent’s Profile
80
3.3.1.3 Survey Questionnaire Sample
81
3.3.2 Comparative Study
84
3.3.3 Case Studies
85
3.4 Research Tools
85
3.4.1 Internet
85
3.4.2 Photography
85
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3.4.3 AutoCad
86
3.4.4 Drone
3.5 Purposive Sampling
86
3.6 Research Participants
86
3.6.1 Department of Tourism
87
3.6.2 Department of Environmental and Natural Resources
87
3.6.3 Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
88
3.6.4 National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
89
3.6.5 Capas Mountain Trail Riders
89
3.7 Theoretical Framework
90
3.7.1 Community Based Theory
90
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3.7.2 Cohen’s Tourist Typology Theory
92
3.8 Conceptual Framework
93
CHAPTER IV. SITE PROFILE AND ANALYSIS
95
4.1 Site Selection Criteria and Analysis
95
4.1.1 Historical Significance
96
4.1.2 Natural Environment
97
4.1.3 Accessibility
97
4.1.4 Physical Characteristics
98
4.1.5 Tabulation and Ranking of Ideal Site
98
4.2 Site Justification
99
4.2.1 Geophysical-landscape-aesthetic.
99
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4.2.2 Cultural-historical.
100
4.2.3 Recreational
100
4.2.4 Relax
100
4.3 Macro Site Analysis
101
4.3.1 Province of Tarlac
101
4.3.2 Municipality of Capas
102
4.3.3 Public Transport Needed
104
4.3.4 Tourism near the site
105
4.3.4.1 Historical
106
4.3.4.2 Mount Pinatubo
106
4.3.4.3 Bueno Hot Spring
107
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4.3.4.4 Tambo Lake
108
4.3.4.5 Mount Telakawa
109
4.3.5 Socio Economic Profile
110
4.3.5.1 Demography
110
4.4 Micro Site Analysis
112
4.4.1 Lot Plan & Technical Description
112
4.4.2 Topographic Map
112
4.4.3 Climate Map
113
4.4.4 Existing Vegetation & Species
113
4.4.5 Bodies of Water
113
4.4.6 Existing Structures
114
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4.4.7 Site Access
117
4.4.8 Public Transport Map
117
4.4.9 Utility Lines
118
4.4.10 Site Restriction and Limitations
119
4.4.11 Geology
120
4.4.12 Site Hazards
121
4.4.13 Existing Communities
122
4.4.14 Wildlife and Ecosystem
123
4.4.15 Legal Setback
123
4.4.16 Views and Vistas
124
4.5.SWOTAnalysis
125
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LIST OF FIGURES
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
Figure 1-1: International Tourist arrivals by world region
Figure 1-2: International Tourist Arrival by country (2016)
Figure 1-3: Map of Mount Pinatubo area showing recommended evacuation zone
Figure 1-4: Map showing the geographical location of Mount Pinatubo and the extent
of the physical impacts of the 1991 eruption. Adapted from Gaillard (2008)
Figure 1-5: The starting point of trekking to the crater of Mt. Pinatubo
Figure1-6: Mountain biker in lahar trail to the crater of Mt. Pinatubo
Figure 1-7: ATV in Lahat trail of crow Valley
Figure 1-8: Department of Tourism slogan: “It’s more fun in the Philippines”
Figure 1-9: June 15,1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo
Figure 1-10: Mount Pinatubo Map after the 1991 Eruption and Lahars
Figure 1-11: June 15,1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo

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CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Figure 2-1: Tourism Essentials and Introduction Classification of international
visitors
Figure 2-2: The relationship of geotourism with other forms of tourism. Solid and
dashed lines represent interconnecting pathways. The connection between ecotourism
and geotourism is represented as a particularly strong relationship
Figure 2-3: Mount Pinatubo before the eruption
Figure 2-4: Damage from lahar in barangay Lourdes, Bamban, as seen looking
upstream on January 29, 1992. Damage occurred in August 1991, when breakout of a
newly impounded lake just upstream breached the dike that had earlier protected
Lourdes.
Figure 2-5: poster issued by the RDCC Region III, Philippine Information Agency,
and Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology in 1992.
Figure 2-6: 1993 the satellite imagery of Mt. Pinatubo before and after its last
eruption in 1991.
Figure 2-7: Lahar Map
Figures 2-8 A-D show development of Pinatubo’s caldera lake. In August 1991, ash
emission waned enough to permit views into the new caldera, and numerous springs
could be seen discharging from the caldera walls. Springs discharge that collected in
the vent was being heated rapidly and flashed to steam in frequent phreatic
explosions. As a result, no lake was forming.
Figure 2-9: Mount Pinatubo crater today is part of the natural attraction in the
Tourism of Tarlac.
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Figure 2-10: Mount Pinatubo: Sta. Juliana, Capas Tarlac- the Tourism Office
Figure 2-11: Table graph summary for mountain trail biking
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Figure 3-1: Department of Tourism logo
Figure 3-2: Department of Environmental and Natural Resources logo
Figure 3-3: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology logo
Figure 3-4: National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council logo
Figure 3-5: Conceptual Framework: Illustrating the three factors in Resort Design
CHAPTER IV. SITE PROFILE AND ANALYSIS
Figure 4-1: Location Map of the selected site in Capas, Tarlac located along Botolan
Road.
Figure 4-2: Tarlac City map and boundaries
Figure 4-3: Tourism in near the site
Figure 4-4: Three monuments built to commemorate the soldiers after WWII.
Figure 4-5: A. Crow Valley, lahar trail going to Mount Pinatubo, B. Crater Lake in
Mount Pinatubo
Figure 4-6: Bueno Hot Spring
Figure 4-7: Tambo Lake

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Figure 4-8: A. Vista point of Mount Telakawa, B. View from the top of Mount
Telakawa
Figure 4-9: Projected Population (2016-2025) Capas Planning and Development
Figure 4-10: Division of lots in the selected site
Figure 4-11: Topography Map showing the mountain beside the site.
Figure 4-12: O’ Donnell river near the site
Figure 4-13: existing resorts near the site
Figure 4-14: Site Access
Figure 4-15: TODA and JODA going to the site
Figure 4-16: Route of the public vehicle going to the site.
Figure 4-17: Map showing the Military Reservation in the Municipality of Capas
Figure 4-18: Hazard Map
Figure 4-19: Children living in Barangay Bueno
Figure 4-20: Sitio, Tarukan with the Aeta community
Figure 4-21: View and Vistas in the site during site visit
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CORDILLERA COMPLEX

Mountain View Adventure Resort

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Ar. Leah P. Dela

time of research and writing of this thesis.

Municipal Tourism Office in providing me important information of Capas

ecotourism in complementing my thesis project goal “geotourism”.

I would also like to thank Mr. Alex Lucero, a supervisor manager in

MATAM-IH restaurant, in accommodating my request to interview his insights

regarding our Aeta working in MATAM IH restaurant and educating me in the

essential needs, lifestyles, and culture of his employees.

Personally, my biggest thanks to my father, Edgar D. Manguan, for his

tourism in the city according to his experience in mountain biking.

important their financial help.

John Kenneth Guevarra Manguan

5 AR- 10 College of Architecture Batch 2018

1.1 Background of the Study 1

1.1.1 World Tourism 2

1.1.2 Tourism and Recreation 3

1.1.3 Overview of Mt. Pinatubo eruption and

1.1.4 Adventure Activities

1.1.4.1 Hike and Trek

1.1.4.2 Mountain Bike

1.1.4.3 ATV Adventure

1.2 Nature of the Study

1.2.1 Tourism in the Philippines

1.2.2 Famous Tourism in Tarlac City

1.2.3 History of Tourism in Mt. Pinatubo

1.2.4 Padyakan sa Pinatubo

1.3 Statement of the Problem

1.3.1 Increasing number of Tourist in the Philippines

1.3.2 Poor advertisement of Tarlac Tourism

1.4 Significance of the Project

1.4.2 Social & Cultural

1.5 Project Objectives

1.6 Project Goals

1.7Scope and Delimitation

1.8 Definition of Terms

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 The Tourism Industry

2.1.1 Tourism Business and Economic Development

2.1.2 Tourism and the Government

2.2.1 Benefits of Geotourism

2.3 What are Strategically Important Tourism Destinations and Attractions?

2.4 Tourism Products

2.5 Ensuring a Sustainable Form of Development

2.5.1 Traditional Tourism vs Sustainable Tourism

2.5.2 Managing the Tourist Torrent

2.6 Development of Successful Resort Design with Vernacular Style

2.7 Mount Pinatubo

2.7.1 History and Geography of Mount Pinatubo before 1991

2.7.2 Nature of Mount Pinatubo Eruption

2.7.2.1 Lahar Hazards

2.7.3 Pre-Eruption of Mount Pinatubo

2.7.4 During Eruption of Mount Pinatubo

2.7.5 Impact of Mount Pinatubo Eruption

2.7.5.1 Areas and Population Affected

2.7.5.2 Socio-Economic Impact

2.7.5.3 Impact on Natural Resources

2.7.5.4 Impact in Agriculture

2.7.5.5 Impact in Trade and Industry

2.7.5.6 Impact on Social Services

2.7.5.7 Impact in Public Infrastructure

2.7.5.8 Overall Impact of Mount Pinatubo Eruption

2.7.6 Post-Eruption of Mount Pinatubo