2D DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

OF
MOMENT RESISTING STEEL FRAME

Given:
2 dimension moment resisting steel frame with dimensions as shown in Figure 1.
E = 2x108 kN/m

Required:
1- Free vibration: period, & mode shapes.
2- Time history Analysis.
3- Response Spectrum Analysis.
4- Static Pushover Analysis.

W 690 x 419 W 460 x 286

W 460 x 286

4m

W 690 x 419
W 530 x 447

W 530 x 447

4m
W 610 x 551

W 610 x 551

W 690 x 419

4m

10m

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Solution:
1. Choose your units from the drop box
2. From File menu select New Model From Template, this
will display different modal templates, choose portal frame
type and fill the properties of the portal frame:
 Number of stories: 3
 Number of bays: 1
 Story height: 4
 Bay width: 10

3. The screen will be titled vertically showing the frame in 2 dimension (x-z plane) & 3
dimension, close the 3 dimension window.

4. From View menu select Set Display Option and then check the labels box in the joints
& frames/Cables/Tendons area to see the joint & frame numbering.

5. Click on joints 1 and 5. From the Assign menu select Joint, from joints select
Restraints then choose fixed support from the fast restraints.

6. From the Define menu select Materials, the define material dialog box will show up,
highlight A992Fy50 (which is STEEL) then click Modify I Show Material to check
the properties of the material.

7. Verify that modulus of elasticity is 2.0 E+11 then click OK twice.

8. From the Define menu select Section Properties and then Frame Sections to display
the define frame sections dialog box.

9. In the Click to: choose Import New Property and then select I/Wide Flange, another
box will display for Section Properties File, from Sap2000 17 folder in your hard drive
choose Cisc.pro (see figure 2). Double click on the Cisc.pro and choose from the given
sections: W690x419, W610x551, W530x447, & W460x286. (you can press the Ctrl
key on the keyboard to choose all of them at one step).

10. Select the column of the first story (element 1, 4), then from Assign menu select
Frame, then Frame Sections, choose W610x551, make the same for the column of the
second, third stories (element 2, 5, & element 3,6) and all beams with W530x447,
W460x286 and W690x419 respectively. After each selection for beam or column
section you can click on the Show Undeformed shape in Display menu to see element
numbering again.

11. From View menu and Set Display Option, click on the frame labels to remove it.

12. The final figured will be as shown in figure 3.

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 Figure-2 Figure-3

13. Change your units from the drop pox

14. Select joints 2 and 6. From Assign menu select Joint then select Masses, a dialog
will display. In the dialog box of direction 1 write 1460.

15. Repeat step 14 for joints 3, 7 and write 2190 in the dialog box of direction 1, also
joints 4 & 8 and write 2920 in the dialog box of direction 1.

16. Change your units from the drop box

17. Select Nodes 2 & 6 then from the Assign menu choose Joint, Constraints. This will
display Constraints box.

18. In Choose Constant Type to Add, select Rod, and accept the default Rod 1, Click
Ok twice to finish this part.

19. Repeat step 17, 18 for Nodes 3, 7 & Nodes 4, 8 to make Rod 2 & Rod 3.

20. Form the Define menu and Functions, select Response Spectrum to display
define response spectrum functions box.

21. From Choose Function Type to Add, select From File, and then Add New
Function to dialog box for response spectrum function definition will display.

22. In the Function Name write ELCENTSP, click Browse in Function File to
choose the file having the data for your spectra from its location in your computer.

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23. Write in the box of Header Lines to Skip the number of line does not need to be
read. Then in Values Are specify what the numbers in each column of the file is,
see Figure 4.

Figure.4

24. Form the Define menu and Functions, select Time History to display define
time history functions box.

25. From Choose Function Type to Add, select From File, and then Add New
Function to dialog box for time history function definition will display.

26. In the Function Name write ELCENTRO, click Browse in Function File to choose
the file having the data for your time history from its location in your computer.

27. In Values Are specify time intervals in Values in Equal Intervals of… (in our
case is 0.002). Then in format Type, specify Fixed Format Character per Item
(in our case is 10), see Figure 5.

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 Figure-5

28. Form the Define menu select Load Cases to display define response spectra box.

29. In Click to choose Add New Load Case. From Load Case Type, Response Spectrum
is selected. A dialog box for response spectrum case data will display.

30. In The Response Spectrum Case Data box:

 Accept the default Spectrum Case Name: SPECI

 Turn on the Show Advanced Load Parameters and accept the default Load Applied
Angle: 0
 Accept the default Modal Combination Option, CQC.
 In the Damping box: 0.02
 Accept the default Directional Combination option, SRSS.
 In the Load Applied and from Function area, select ELCENTSP in UI direction
 For U1 direction write 9.81 at the scale factor.
 Click ADD bottom.
 Click Ok twice to finish this part

31. Form the Define menu select Load Cases to display define response spectra box.

32. In Click to choose Add New Load Case. From Load Case Type, Time History is
selected. A dialog box for Time History case data will display.

33. In The Time History Case Data box:

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 Accept the default History Case Name: MHISTl
 For modal damping: click Modify / Show and write 0.02 in Damping for all modes
 In Number of output time steps box: 500.
 In Output Time Step Size box: 0.02
 In the Load Applied area select ELCENTRO from Functions for U1 direction
 Turn on the Show Advanced Load Parameters and For U1 direction write 9.81 at the
scale factor and leave the arrival time, angle 0.
 Click ADD bottom.

34. Click Ok twice to finish this part.

35. In Define menu, choose Load Cases to display the Define Load Cases:

 Click on Modal and select Modify/Show Load Case

 Select Modal from Load Case Type part.
 In Number of Mode box, write 3
 Click Ok twice to finish this part.

36. From the Analyze menu select Set Options••. to display the analysis option dialog
box.

Push over:

37. From the Define menu select Load Patterns to display the define Load patterns
dialog box.

38. Write Push in the load Pattern Name box, and 0 in the self-weight multiplier, click
Add New Load then click OK.

39. Click on joint 1 then from Assign menu select Joint loads and then forces. From the
load Pattern Name choose Push, in the Force Global X write 1.0.

40. Repeat step 37 twice for joint 2, 3 with Force Global X 2.0 & 3.0 respectively.

41. From the Define menu select Load Cases to display the define Load Cases dialog
box.

42. In the Click to: choose Add New Load Case, another box will display showing
Linear Static Load Case Data, write Pushl in the Pushover Case Name. In the Load
Applied box, choose Push from the Load Name box. Click Add, then click Ok to
finish.

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43. Repeat step 41 again for new pushover name Push2, in this case we from the Load
Pattern choose Mode from the Load Applied box. Another box will display asking
about the mode number, Choose mode number 1. Click Add, then Ok to finish.

44. From Section Properties in Define menu, select Hinge Properties to display the
define Frame Hinge Properties dialog box.

45. In the Click to: choose Add New Property, and then select steel. Another box will
display for Frame Hinge Properties Data. Accept the default name FHI, From the
Hinge Properties, click on the Hinge Type Shear V2, and P-M2-M3. Click Ok twice
to finish this part.

46. Using Mouse the whole model is selected.

47. From the Assign menu select Frame, then Hinges, this will display another box for
Frame Hinges, From Frame Hinge Assignment choose FHl, then click Add, then put
1.0 at the Relative Distance box & click Add again.

48. From the File menu click on Save, (for example 2Dframe) it will be saved as
2Dframe.SBD

49. From Analyze, select Create Analyze Model.

50. After the analysis is finished, from the main menu click on Analyze then Run
Analysis.

Output:

We will divide the output file into:

1- Output can be obtained from the screen for the time history:
 The time history for certain joint for displacement or rotation variations with time
also it can be the variation of the acceleration or velocity for this joint.
 The time history for certain element for moment, shear or axial at different
location for the element versus time.
 The base shear & moment variation with the time.

2- Output can be obtained from the screen for the Pushover.

3- Output obtained from the 2Dframe.out output file.

Time History:

1. Time history for displacement Ux of Joint 4:

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  Click on Joint 4, and then from Display menu click on Show Plot Functions. This
will display Plot Function Trace Display Definition. From the Choose Plot
Functions part double click on joint 4 at List of Functions, joint 4 will now appear
at Vertical Functions part.

 The default is drawing displacement Ux for this joint, if you want to change click
on Define Plot Functions… icon, another box will display for Time History
Functions.

 Highlight joint 4, click on Modify/Show Plot Function..., another box as Joint

Plot Function will appear. Choose the function you want then click Ok twice.

 Now Highlight Joint 4 then click the Display icon, another display window will
appear as in figure 6. You can either plot this figure or save it by clicking in file
the menu and choose Print Graphic or Print Tables to File….

 The same procedure for joint 4 can be applied for frame element by choosing the
required frame element.

Figure-6

2. Time history for Base Shear & Base Moment:

 In Display menu and from Show Plot Functions, Click on the Define Plot
Function icon, the box as Plot Functions will display.

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  In the Choose Function Type to Add, choose Add Base Functions. Then in
Click to, choose Add Plot Function, another window will display for Base
functions, Click on Base Shear X and Base Moment Y. Click Ok Twice.

 Now Base Shear X and Base Moment Y will be at List of Functions, use the
same procedure described for joint 4 to plot the Base Shear X and Base Moment
Y.

Push Over Result:

1. Pushover results for the ductility:

 From the Display menu choose Show Static Pushover Curve…. this will display
Pushover Curve - Case Push I

 Click on Plot Type to choose Resultant Base Shear Vs Monitored Displacement

for Pushl.

 You can also see The Base Shear Versus Displacement for Push2 by clicking on
Static Nonlinear Case and choose Push2.

 From File menu you can choose to plot the figure from Print Graphics or display
the table representing the base shear versus displacement at each step by choosing
Display Tables this will display Pushover Curve.

 Click on Done icon to finish the table window in this Part.

2. Describing the plastic hinge formation step by step:

 From the Display menu choose Show Deformed Shape, the Deformed Shape box
will display, choose from the Case Combo/Name Pushl or Push2 then click Ok.

 In Multivalued Option, select Step and write 1 in the box and then Ok.

 Now the title of the window will be Deformed Shape (Pushl - Stepl), you can
continue step by step by using the arrow.

3. Describing the Frame element forces step by step:

 You can show the Member Force Diagram for Frame from Display menu by
choosing the Show Forces/Stresses then choose Frames/Cable/Tendons.

 Member Force Diagram for Frame window will now display, choose Pushl
from Case/Combo Name.

 Click Moment 3-3 at Component part.

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  Click on the check box of Fill Diagram in Option part. This will show the
hidden Show Values on Diagram

 Check the Show Values on Diagram

 In Multivalued Option, select Step and write 0 or 1 in the box and then Ok.

 Now using the arrows at the bottom you can see the moment develop in the
frame step by step .

Output:

From Display menu and choosing Show Table, the box of Choose Tables for Display
will be appeared. By selecting the required outputs, all information will be displayed as
tabular form.
Some outputs are extracted as examples in appendix.

2Dframe.out output file:

In this file we can find:

1. The mode shapes period and frequency.
2. Modal Participation Factor.
3. Modal Participation Mass Factor.
4. Joint Displacements due to SPECI Spectra.
5. Frame Element Internal forces due to SPEC1 Spectra.

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 Appendix:

Table: Modal Participating Mass Ratios, Part 1 of 3

Table: Modal Participating Mass Ratios, Part 1 of 3
OutputCase StepType StepNum Period (sec) UX UY UZ SumUX SumUY
MODAL Mode 1.000000 0.176910 0.72 0.00 0.00 0.72 0.00
MODAL Mode 2.000000 0.072689 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.97 0.00
MODAL Mode 3.000000 0.037799 2.642E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00

Table: Modal Participating Mass Ratios, Part 2 of 3

Table: Modal Participating Mass Ratios, Part 2 of 3
OutputCase StepType StepNum SumUZ RX RY RZ SumRX SumRY
MODAL Mode 1.000000 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.19
MODAL Mode 2.000000 0.00 0.00 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.52
MODAL Mode 3.000000 0.00 0.00 2.478E-02 0.00 0.00 0.55

Table: Modal Participating Mass Ratios, Part 3 of 3

Table: Modal Participating Mass Ratios, Part 3 of 3
OutputCase StepType StepNum SumRZ
MODAL Mode 1.000000 0.00
MODAL Mode 2.000000 0.00
MODAL Mode 3.000000 0.00

Table: Modal Participation Factors, Part 1 of 2

Table: Modal Participation Factors, Part 1 of 2
OutputCase StepType StepNum Period UX UY UZ RX RY
Sec N-m N-m N-m N-m N-m
MODAL Mode 1.000000 0.176910 -207.529865 0.000000 -2.470E-15 0.000000 -455.572778
MODAL Mode 2.000000 0.072689 121.677097 0.000000 1.790E-13 0.000000 -610.477210
MODAL Mode 3.000000 0.037799 39.633504 0.000000 1.601E-12 0.000000 -165.708656

Table: Modal Participation Factors, Part 2 of 2

Table: Modal Participation Factors, Part 2 of 2
OutputCase StepType StepNum RZ ModalMass ModalStiff
N-m N-m-s2 N-m
MODAL Mode 1.000000 0.000000 1.0000 1261.40
MODAL Mode 2.000000 0.000000 1.0000 7471.81
MODAL Mode 3.000000 0.000000 1.0000 27631.38

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 Table: Modal Periods and Frequencies
Table: Modal Periods And Frequencies
OutputCase StepType StepNum Period Frequency CircFreq Eigenvalue
Sec Cyc/sec rad/sec rad2/sec2
MODAL Mode 1.000000 0.176910 5.6526E+00 3.5516E+01 1.2614E+03
MODAL Mode 2.000000 0.072689 1.3757E+01 8.6440E+01 7.4718E+03
MODAL Mode 3.000000 0.037799 2.6456E+01 1.6623E+02 2.7631E+04

Table: Element Forces - Frames, Part 1 of 3

Table: Element Forces - Frames, Part 1 of 3
Frame Station OutputCase CaseType StepType StepNum P V2 V3
m N N N
1 0.00000 MODAL LinModal Mode 1.000000 134366.59 130889.35 0.00
1 2.00000 MODAL LinModal Mode 1.000000 134366.59 130889.35 0.00
1 4.00000 MODAL LinModal Mode 1.000000 134366.59 130889.35 0.00
1 0.00000 MODAL LinModal Mode 2.000000 118077.51 -454574.34 0.00
1 2.00000 MODAL LinModal Mode 2.000000 118077.51 -454574.34 0.00
1 4.00000 MODAL LinModal Mode 2.000000 118077.51 -454574.34 0.00
1 0.00000 MODAL LinModal Mode 3.000000 -16040.57 -547564.29 0.00
1 2.00000 MODAL LinModal Mode 3.000000 -16040.57 -547564.29 0.00
1 4.00000 MODAL LinModal Mode 3.000000 -16040.57 -547564.29 0.00
9 10.00000 MODAL LinModal Mode 3.000000 0.00 -146109.53 0.00

Table: Element Forces - Frames, Part 2 of 3

Table: Element Forces - Frames, Part 2 of 3
Frame Station OutputCase StepType StepNum T M2 M3 FrameElem
m N-m N-m N-m
1 0.00000 MODAL Mode 1.000000 0.00 0.00 407402.03 1-1
1 2.00000 MODAL Mode 1.000000 0.00 0.00 145623.33 1-1
1 4.00000 MODAL Mode 1.000000 0.00 0.00 -116155.38 1-1
1 0.00000 MODAL Mode 2.000000 0.00 0.00 -1059959.72 1-1
1 2.00000 MODAL Mode 2.000000 0.00 0.00 -150811.03 1-1
1 4.00000 MODAL Mode 2.000000 0.00 0.00 758337.65 1-1
1 0.00000 MODAL Mode 3.000000 0.00 0.00 -943282.07 1-1
1 2.00000 MODAL Mode 3.000000 0.00 0.00 151846.52 1-1
1 4.00000 MODAL Mode 3.000000 0.00 0.00 1246975.10 1-1

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 Table: Element Forces - Frames, Part 3 of 3
Table: Element Forces - Frames, Part 3 of 3
Frame Station OutputCase StepType StepNum FrameElem ElemStation
m m
1 0.00000 MODAL Mode 1.000000 1-1 0.00000
1 2.00000 MODAL Mode 1.000000 1-1 2.00000
1 4.00000 MODAL Mode 1.000000 1-1 4.00000
1 0.00000 MODAL Mode 2.000000 1-1 0.00000
1 2.00000 MODAL Mode 2.000000 1-1 2.00000
1 4.00000 MODAL Mode 2.000000 1-1 4.00000
1 0.00000 MODAL Mode 3.000000 1-1 0.00000
1 2.00000 MODAL Mode 3.000000 1-1 2.00000
1 4.00000 MODAL Mode 3.000000 1-1 4.00000

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