BULACAN POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

BULIHAN, CITY OF MALOLOS, BULACAN

DETAILED LESSON PLANABOUT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

I.OBJECTIVE
At the end of the lesson the students will be able to:
a. Identify the structures of the digestive system.
b. Demonstrate an understanding of digestive system functions.
c. Present an analysis of the path of food as it is digested.
I. SUBJECT MATTER
a. Topic: Structure and Functions of the Digestive System.
b. Reference: Work text in Science and Technology II – Biology NISMED
2012pp.99;109-110, Science Links pp.92-99, EASE Biology Module 1 Lesson 1.
c. Instructional Materials: Pictures, Crackers, Water, Zip lock Bag and Bread,
Human Torso Model.
II. PROCEDURES
TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY
A. Preliminary Activities

Greetings
Prayers (Students are doing the activities)
Checking of Attendance
Classroom Management

B. Review
Before we proceed to our lesson, let’s have a Yes Ma’am.
recap from what we have discussed last (Students are doing the recap)
meeting.
(Teacher asking students about the
lesson yesterday)
C. Motivation
Ok class, Yes Ma’am.
Did you have your breakfast?
Who among you did not have his breakfast? (Each student will be given 2 crackers.
Are you hungry now?a
Before we start our lesson, We will have some
activity.
Activity: CRACKER IN THE MOUTH Step 1- Put a regular cracker into your mouth
Okay class in our activity, what do you and chew.
observed? Step 2- Place the new cracker in your mouth
and let it sit for 2 minutes.)
What does it feels like initially?
What it feels after 2 minutes in your mouth and
what it feels like when you chew it?
Very good, class! Varied answers of the Students.
Our activity shows how the saliva in our mouth
lubricates and soften the food we ate.
Are you ready now to our lesson? Yes, ma’am
D. Lesson Proper/Developmental
Activites
I’m going to divide you into six groups, choose
one representative in your group and proceed in
front.
Here are six envelopes then choose one
envelope then proceed to your respective group. 6 students will approach the front.
Now let’s open the envelope then identify the Students will return to their group with the
specific picture and discuss its function in 3 envelope.
minutes.
Okay, Times up! What have you noticed about
the pictures?
Yes, very good and now we will discuss about (Student discussion)
the digestive system in detail,
Ok class, do you have any idea about the
Digestive system?
They are the parts of Digestive system.
That is correct!
The Digestive system is responsible for the
breakdown and absorption of the nutrients from
the food thereby bringing energy for the body, The Digestive system is the one responsible
and it is divided into two parts the organ of for the food we eat.
alimentary tract that comes in contact with the
food and the accessory organ that pour out
secretion to assess in the digestive system.

What is the process that process by which the

food is broken into smaller components that the
body can absorb to nourish the cell?
Digestion
What are the two phases of Digestion?

During mechanical Digestion the food is

broken down into smaller pieces in the process Mechanical Digestion and Chemical
of chewing or mastication. Digestion
Example is the cracker in the mouth activity.
In Chemical digestion the food is acted upon
the chemical subs called enzymes. The
enzymes convert the food into their simplest
form.
Okay class, did you understand? Yes, ma’am

Now class, one representative per group will

discuss their collaboration on front.

Who among you have the mouth image? We have it!

Be the first to discuss your work.

Very good, you may now take your seat.

The mouth contains the following structures. The Mouth is where the digestion begins, in
The teeth which break down the food into the mouth the food is mechanically and
smaller pieces. chemically digested.
The tongue a muscular organ the mixes the
food with saliva aids in swallowing.
The duct of the salivary glands that secretes
saliva that lubricate the food and the palate that
forms the roofing of the mouth.

What is the enzymes that digest the Salivary Amylase Ptyalin

carbohydrates in the mouth?

That is correct,
The food that enters the mouth is chewed and it
is now called bolus.

Let’s follow the food as it passes through the

digestive system.

Okay, from the mouth food passes through the Pharynx

what?

Yes, that’s right, and who have the picture of The Pharynx or throat is located posterior to
the pharynx, can you share your ideas? the mouth, it is the common passage way for
digestion and respiration.
Very good! The pharynx 5-6 inches long,
during swallowing the sphincter muscles
relaxes and raise the Epiglottis which prevents
the bolus or the food from entering in the
trachea.
What prevent the bolus or food from entering Epiglottis
the trachea?

After the food passes through the pharynx the Esophagus

next is?
Correct! Which group will discuss about the The esophagus is a muscular tube
esophagus? throughWhere the food passes from pharynx
to the stomach.
Very good. You may return to you seat.

During swallowing the bolus is conveyed by the

esophagus into the stomach via wavelike
contraction and relaxation of involuntary
muscle that is called peristalsis.

What is that wavelike contraction or rhythmic

movement? Peristalsi

Through peristalsis the food goes through the

cardiac sphincter a ring shape muscles, where
food enters from the esophagus to the stomach
to prevent food reflux.

So again, what is the muscles that prevent food

reflux? Cardiac sphinter

That is correct!

Now, after the food pass through the esophagus Stomach

and next is the?
Can you discuss it to the front?
Yes, the stomach is a pear shaped organ that is
about 30.5 cm long and 15.2 wide, the bolus
enters the stomach will convert to semi fluid
partially digested food, what we called?
The stomach is expanding organ located
between the esophagus and small intestine.
The stomach stores the food and mixes the
food with gastric juice.
Chyme

Very good and now next organ is the Small

intestines. Small intestine is considered as the organ of
complete digestion and absorption, it is
Please go in the front and discuss. considered as the longest organ of the
digestive system.
Yes, good job.
The Chyme enter to the small intestines through
the pyloric sphincter, the small intestine
signals the pancreas to produce pancreatic
juice, and the gall bladder to release bile. Liver
Pancreatic juices aid in the digestion of protein Gallbladder
and carbohydrates and the bile is responsible to
break down fats. Large intestine

Okay class, What organ produces the bile?

What organ stores the bile?

After passing through the small intestine, the
food enter to the?
The last group will share their idea.
Large intestine is divided into 3 parts
ascending colon, transverse colon and the
ascending colon. The large intestine stores the
fecal materials, absorbs the vitamins, and
reabsorbs the water from the undigested
residue.

Very good, the appendix is also located in the

proximal end of the ascending colon.

The undigested residue or the feces it will be

stored in the RECTUM then excrete to the
ANUS

E. Extend/Application
To further understand the lesson let’s do some
demonstration.
We called this BREAD IN THE BAG
Procedures:
1. Take ½ piece of bread per group
2. Obtain the zip lock bag.
3. Tear your ½ sliced of bread into smaller
pieces, and place it into the bag. What
does this represent?
4. Pour smaller amount of water into the
bag. What does this represent?
5. Close the bag and squish the bread with
your finger until all pieces are really
small. What does this represent?
6. Drain the liquid contents down to the
sink by creating a small gap which
prevent by escaping. What does this
represent?
Material needed are Zip lock bag, ½ sliced
bread and water.
 Food broken into smaller pieces by the
teeth. Mechanical digestion in the
mouth.
 Food is mixed with gastric juice of the
stomach. Chemical Digestion in the
stomach
 Represent the peristalsis and
Mechanical digestion in the stomach.
 Large intestine reabsorb the water of
undigested residue.
 Waste or the feces is temporary stored
in the rectum and it was excreted in
the anus.
 7. Put all the content of the bag into the
garbage. What does this represent?

F. Generalization

Okay class. Did you understand our lesson for

today? Yes, ma’am

IV. EVALUATION
Identification:
1. The organ that stores and concentrate the bile.
2. The organ of complete digestion and absorption.
3. Where the fecal material exit.
4. The organ produces the bile.
5. It is where the absorption of water takes place.
V - ASSIGNMENT
Make a research about the different digestive disorder and write it in your assignment.
 BULACAN POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

BULIHAN, CITY OF MALOLOS, BULACAN

DETAIL LESSON PLAN

Submittied by:

Charmae Blaise E. Lecciones

BTVTEd 2A

Submitted to:

Mr. Eliseo Amaninche

Instructor