PURA, JOHN ANGELO B.

Air enters a rectangular duct at 𝑇1 = 300 𝐾1 𝑃1 = 420 kPa, and 𝑀𝑎1 = 2. Heat is transferred to
𝑘𝑗
the air in the amount of 55 𝑘𝑔 as it flows through the duct. Disregarding frictional losses,
determine the temperature and Mach number at the duct exit.

Solution: Fuel is burned in a rectangular duct with compressed air. For5 specified heat transfer,
the exit temperature and Mach number are to be determined.

Assumptions: The assumptions associated with Rayleigh flow (i.e..., steady one-dimensional
flow of an ideal gas with constant properties through a constant cross-sectional are duct with
negligible frictional effects) are valid.

𝑘𝑗 𝑘𝑗
Properties: We take the properties of air to be k = 1.4, 𝑐𝑝 = 1.005 𝑘𝑔 𝐾, and R= 0.287 𝑘𝑔.𝐾

𝑘𝐽 1000𝑚2 /𝑠2
𝑐1 = √𝑘𝑅𝑇1 = √(1.4) (0.287 𝑘𝑔.𝐾) (3000 𝐾)( ) = 347.2 m/s
1𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

347.2𝑚
𝑉1 = 𝑀𝑎1 𝑐1 = 2 ( ) = 694.4 𝑚/𝑠
𝑠

𝑉12 (694.4𝑚/𝑠)2 1𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

𝑇01 = 𝑇1 + = 300 𝐾 + 2.1.005𝑘𝐽 ( 1000𝑚2 ) =539.9K
2𝑐𝑝
𝑘𝑔.𝐾 𝑠2

The exit stagnation temperature Is from the energy equation q = 𝑐𝑝 (𝑇02 − 𝑇01 ),
𝑞 55𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑇02 − 𝑇01 + = 539.9𝐾 + 1.005𝑘𝑗 = 594.6K
𝑐𝑝
𝑘𝑔.𝐾
The maximum value of stagnation temperature 𝑇0 * occur at Ma=1, and its value can be
determined from Table A-15 or from the appropriate relation. At 𝑀𝑎1 = 2 we read 𝑇01 /𝑇0 ∗ =
0.7934. Therefore,
01𝑇 539.9𝐾
𝑇0 ∗= 0.7934 = = 680.5 𝐾
0.7934

The stagnation temperature ratio at the exit and the Mach number corresponding to it are,
from Table A-15
𝑇02 594.6K
= = 0.8738 𝑀𝑎2 = 1.642 = 1.64
𝑇 ∗
0 680.5 𝐾

Also,
𝑀𝑎1 = 2 𝑇1 /𝑇 ∗ = 0.5289
𝑀𝑎2 = 1.642 𝑇2 /𝑇 ∗ = 0.6812
Then the exit temperature becomes
𝑇2
𝑇2 𝑇∗ = 0.6812
= 𝑇1 = = 1.288 𝑇2 = 1288𝑇1 = 1.288(300𝐾) = 386𝐾
𝑇1 0.5289
𝑇∗

Reference: Fluid mechanics - Fundamentals and Applications by Yunus A. Cengel and John M.
Cimbala (Question 12-103, Chapter 12, Page 673 to 674)