Indian Railway Catering and

Tourism Corporation

30.06.2019

ALEKHYA GAMPA
Roll no: VS001902
 1

CONTEXT
The Indian Railways has always been in the forefront in providing expedient access to all essential
information and services. This is achieved (among others) through a wide ranging IT strategy focusing on
e-Governance for bringing effectiveness, liability and transparency in all its public services. It has helped
in extending the reach of real time information even to the remotest corners of the country. Today E-
Ticketing service of the Indian Railways accounts for a major chunk of all tickets booked online
throughout the length and breadth of India.
The rapid growth of the Internet over the past two decades as a platform for buyer-seller interaction is
indicative of the degree of growing acceptance of online buying transactions worldwide. Along with
regular internet users, the number of consumers using the internet for many services and as a shopping
medium is growing. From the perspective of the consumer, online service behaviour is the degree to
which he can access, browse, shop. and transact the behaviour. The adoption of internet by the industries
has removed the constraint of time, distance and communication making the world truly a global village.
Successive governments, since the late 1990s have made huge investments in electronic government
administration. The rise of these services has led to a simultaneous need to develop models of customer
satisfaction of e-government services.
Governments from time-to-time have adopted technological innovations to ensure better transparency and
efficiency in governance and to encourage citizens to be whole-hearted participants in the democratic
framework. This has helped in making the complete process more democratic, of the people, for the
people and by the people. E-governance is no more or and no less than governance in an electronic
environment. It is both governance of that environment and governance within that environment, using
electronic tools. A definition which is limited to the improvement of the administrative internal processes,
neglects to address that the final target for such administrative processes is to service citizens, while being
accountable to them and more democratic. Such a definition will definitely be a negation of the very ethos
of e-Governance.
 2

Customers and Service Delivery

In the traditional model of public service delivery, the procedures are long, time consuming and lack
transparency. If a citizen wishes to obtain a certificate or any other official document, he or she will have
to travel to the Central government office, go to different departments and waste a lot of time for a simple
service. The consequences are high costs and citizen dissatisfaction. Public sector has a prime
responsibility to deliver government services to the citizens, hence its IT governance implementation
should be based on the achievement of public goals effectively, efficiently, accountability and
transparently.
An e-Government initiative puts government services online thereby reducing the bureaucracy, offers
round the clock accessibility, fast and convenient transactions, ahd obviously enhanct>s the quality of
services, in terms of time, content and accessibility:'

Electronic commerce is rapidly growing in the world and is expanding into e-services. Service This rapid
advance in technology with acceleration in communication networks has enabled computers worldwide to
be interconnected and have revolutionisedrevolutionized the way business is done.
For Gartner, e-Government is the transformation of public sector internal and external relationships
through net-enabled operations, information technology and communications, to optimize government
service delivery, constituency participation and governance.
Thus the government becomes a tool herein for improving cost and quality in public services. It is an
instrument to reform and transform public services.
Efficiency - Greater efficiency in delivering government services to citizens and businesses as well as
improved intra-government services.
Provision - Development and delivery of new services to the population, or provision of services to
populations previously underserved. especially in rural or less densely populated areas~
Responsiveness - Increased responsiveness of governments to the needs of their citizens, including new
possibilities for citizens and governments to interact with each other.
Accountability - Greater transparency and accountability of governments and administrations, including
in the area of public procurement.
Participation - Higher levels of citizen participation in public decisions and management, thereby
strengthening democracy.
Indian Railway is the only railway operator in India. It is the largest and busiest rail network, transporting
over six million passengers and nearly 750 million tonnes of freight annually. It has been performing the
dual role of functioning as a commercial undertaking and a provider of public utility service. It has played
an integrating role in the development of the railway sector in the country. Indian Railways employs close
to 1.54 million people, making it the seventh-largest employer in the world the largest employer among
public sector undertakings in the country.
 3

Indian Railways is the fourth largest railway network in the world with a total route length of 67,378 km.
Approximately, 2.3 crore passengers travel daily in the trains.
Indian Railways also has a subsidiary branch called Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation
(IRCTC) that manages the catering, tourism, and online ticketing operations.

LITERATURE

Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation Ltd.

Faced with complaints of downgraded food supplied in trains, the railways decided to set things right by
setting up the IRCTC in to be come more efficient and accountable. It is subsidized by the Indian
Railways,and has come into existence to provide for the catering needs of rail travelers.
IRCTC has been a successful effort on the part of the Ministry of Railways to professionalize the services
available.
Has been set up by the Ministry of Railways with the basic purpose of hiving off entire catering and
tourism activity of the railways to the new Corporation so as to professionalize and upgrade these services
with public-private participation. Rail based Tourism in India will be the specific vehicle for achieving
high growth in coordination with state agencies, tour operators, travel agents and the hospitality industry.
A dynamic marketing strategy in association with public and private agencies, tour operators,
transporters, hoteliers and local tour promoters is on the anvil. Indian Railways span global volumes in
hospitality and catering sectors with services provided to 13 million passengers every day.
Mission :
"Enhance customer services and facilitation in railway catering, hospitality, travel and tourism with best
industry practices".
 4

Objectives : IRCTC’s objectives also include promoting domestic and international tourism through
development of budget hotels, special tour packages, and online reservation systems. Indian Railways’
hospitality and catering services serves 13 million passengers in trains everyday and generates a total
business of over Rs 6,000 crores per year.

(1) To be a customer friendly company through constant innovation, technology driven and human
resource development.
(2) Optimize resources, increase manpower productivity through quality product vending and innovative
marketing strategies.
(3) Upgrade and consolidate catering services in the organized sector.
(4) Expand areas of core competencies,competencies; enhance business opportunities through efficient
public - private partnerships to maximize generation of resources.
(5) Imbibe strong and ethical work culture through teamwork, build and reposition Indian Railways in the
emerging services sector.
(6) Evolve high standards of business ethics, quality management and effective cost control measures.
(7) Concern for the environment and heritage.
IRCTC’s business is divided into four segments -- internet ticketing, catering, packaged drinking water
under the ‘Rail Neer’ brand, and travel and tourism. While its sales rose 25% year-on-year to 1,899 crore, Formatted: Font: Open Sans
its profit grew 23.5% to 272.5 crore in financial year 2019, according to its draft red herring prospectus
filed with the regulators in August.
The company sees one of the highest traffic on its website in the Asia-Pacific region, with a transaction
volume of more than 25 million per month, and 7.2 million logins per day. About 800,000 tickets are
booked every day through the IRCTC website and Rail Connect.
Tourism :
Railway Tourism has seen excellent growth in India. Right from IRCTC's inception, we have undertaken
dynamic marketing strategy with major tour operators and State Tourism as our partners for providing
exclusive tour packages across the country. IRCTC arranges for full train charters, coaches as well as
reserved berth programmes through regular trains for tourism purposes. During this short period we have
been able to provide such facilities to over 50,000 persons.

Food Plazas :
IRCTC has firmed up plans to set up over 50 multi-cuisine food plazas at major railway stations
throughout the country during the current year. The Food plazas will have contemporary decor, air
conditioned ambience and round the clock operation to suit passenger convenience with market driven
competitive pricing.
Call Center :
 5

IRCTC has recently inaugurated a Call Center. A customer can dial 139 from anywhere in the country
and get all information from Indian Railways
Rail Neer :
Packaged Drinking Water is purified and bottled at State of Art Plants located at Nangloi (Delhi) and
Danapur (Bihar). Rail Neer is using processes that guarantee safe drinking water that is crystal clear, low
in dissolved solids and free from all pathogenic bacteria and viruses as well as other harmful
contaminants like fluoride, arsenic, nitrate or iron and conforming to the exacting Bureau of Indian
Standards specifications.

Other services :
Internet Rail Reservation :
There has been a latent demand in the country for ticket availability at the door-step. IRCTC has already
developed this facility at Delhi, Chennai, Bangalore, Kolkata and Mumbai. Very soon the facility will
spread to Hyderabad, Pune and Ahmedabad. After consolidation at these centers, further development in
the major towns will take place. IRCTC web enabled reservation site is www.irctc.co.in

These are some of the services which can be accessible in the website.

Flights: Formatted: Font: Open Sans

The online travel market in India is likely to grow to $13.6 billion by 2021 led by flight and hotel
aggregators even as hotels would account for $5.6 billion. Domestic and international flight
bookings are expected to grow to $6 billion and $2 billion in size respectively by 2021, said a
2018 report by management consulting firm Praxis Global. Other competitors for IRCTC are
MakemyTrip, GoIbibo, Ixigo.
6
 7

The FAQ shows that IRCTC caters to the first time users of flights. It gives every information needed for
first time flyers.
The e-commerce for IRCTC is expanded into different categories. They have deeply penetrated and using
the ecommerce space thoroughly. They have a different app for each of their services separately. The
picture below shows the same:

E-Catering: Formatted: Font: Open Sans

To provide quality and a wider range of cuisine while traveling, IRCTC has introduced its new E-catering
app for food delivery in train. Available for download from Google Play and iTunes you can now easily
install the app on your android or iOS smartphonesmart phone and get palatable yet cheap food delivery
in train from a variety of food partners you can choose from.
With this new online food delivery app passengers can order food on train by simply entering their travel
details such as PNR number, Train name, seat/berth number and expect a delicious and quick food
delivery on train. This effective system of online food delivery on train not only guarantees tasty food on
your seat but also a revamped railway food menu making your journey a bit more fun. With multiple food
aggregators on train stations travelers can now enjoy an extensive set of meals ranging from north Indian,
South Indian, Pizzas to mouthwatering Biryanis, butter chicken and Chinese delicacies etc.
Some of the major stations where you get food box delivery on train are Mumbai Central (BCT) ,
Chatrapati Shivaji Terminal (CST), New Delhi Railway Station (NDLS), Old Delhi Railway
Station(DEL), Bangalore City Junction (SBC), Chennai Central (MAS), Kanpur (CNB), Allahabad
Junction (ALD), Varanasi (BSB), Lucknow (LKO), Itarsi (ET), Bhopal Junction (BPL), Vijayawada
(BZA) etc. IRCTC is bent on expanding this e-catering service to more stations in near future with hopes
of making online khana order on train a trend among railway passengers.
Let us look at how was this all posiible?
 8

CRIS – Centre for Railway Information Systems Formatted: Font: 14 pt

Formatted: Heading 8, Left
Indian Railways is one of the most advanced conglomerates in India, with an innovative and extensive IT
environment.The Center for Railway Information Systems (CRIS) is an autonomous department under the
direct control of the Ministry of Railways is engaged in the development of major computer and
information systems on the Railways. CRIS has acquired the required knowledge and efficiency in the
field of informatics. With such a rich practical experience, a dedicated team of professionals and its own
R & D effort and facilities, CRIS aims to be a leader in this fast developing field.
As part of its long-term strategy toward organizational reforms and restructuring, the Indian Railways has Formatted: Space Before: 6 pt, Line spacing: Multiple 1.2
li, Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space
made serious attempts to induct professionalism into their stream and divest its non core areas of between Asian text and numbers
operation connected to its core business of transport. CRIS designed and developed the e-reservation Formatted: Font: Open Sans, 11 pt
website in 2002. Formatted: Font: Open Sans, 11 pt

 Efficacy and knowledge in the field of informatics. Formatted: Font: Open Sans, 11 pt

 In- house R&D facility Formatted: List Paragraph, Bulleted + Level: 1 + Aligned at:
0.25" + Indent at: 0.5", Adjust space between Latin and
 Innovative and extensive IT environment Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
Formatted: Font: Open Sans, 11 pt
This enables IRCTC to tap into its ever increasing market by enabling customers to book their train Formatted: Font: (Default) Open Sans, 11 pt, Font color:
tickets online Instead of having to check different aspects of the booking separately, a single search Custom Color(RGB(105,93,70))
provides users with train fares, schedules, and availability simultaneously, Instant review of fares from Formatted: Font: Open Sans, 11 pt
multiple classes, Exhaustive information is provided for each train.
Formatted: List Paragraph, Bulleted + Level: 1 + Aligned at:
For suppose the e-catering 0.25" + Indent at: 0.5"
Formatted: Font color: Custom Color(RGB(105,93,70))
The website clearly explains step by step approach to order food:
Formatted: Space Before: 0 pt, Line spacing: single, Don't
adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Don't adjust
space between Asian text and numbers
Formatted: Font: Open Sans, 11 pt
Formatted: Font: Open Sans, 11 pt
Formatted: Font: Open Sans, 11 pt
here: Formatted: Font: Open Sans, 11 pt
Formatted: Font: Open Sans, 11 pt
STEP 1:
Formatted: Font: Open Sans, 11 pt
Formatted: Font: Open Sans, 11 pt
Formatted: Font: Open Sans, 11 pt
Formatted: Font: Open Sans, 11 pt
Formatted: Font color: Custom Color(RGB(250,245,250))
Formatted: Normal, Left
 9

STEP 2:

STEP 3:
 10

It has partnered with various restaurants to deliver food. Some of them are as given below:

The focus was on increasing food options for passengers. But as per a report by economic times- The
IRCTC has spent more money than it earned in its e-catering services in the past four years, with the
highest expenditure of Rs 3.9 crore being made in 2017-18 against a revenuerevenue of Rs 1.82 crore,
the government told the Lok Sabha today.
Minister of State for Railways Rajen Gohain said in a reply to unstarred question that in 2014-2015, the
railways earned a revenue of Rs 13,255 through e catering, but its expenses were Rs 2.30 lakh.
In 2015-2016, he said, the national transporter earned Rs 14.83 lakh and spent Rs 1.29 crore, while in
2016-2017, it earned Rs 1.38 crore and expenses of Rs 2.89 crore.
Most recently IRCTC has taken two apps to the high court. It stated that it didn’t support or encourage
orders placed via “unauthorised aggregators” such as RailYatri and TravelKhana. It said that it wouldn’t
be responsible for the quality of food or any other concerns, and recommend that passengers order their
meals through its e-catering website or app.
 11

IRCTC eWallet
IRCTC eWallet is a scheme under which user can deposit money in advance with IRCTC and can be used
as a payment option along with other payment options available on IRCTC for paying money at the time
of booking tickets.
IRCTC eWallet scheme provides following advantages:
● Hassle free and secure transactions.
● Precious booking time saved by eliminating payment approval cycle.
● Benefit of saving Payment Gateway charges per ticket.
● Manage account online and top up online.
● Dependency on a specific bank is reduced, as when any of the provided banks go offline, you can
still book tickets from your IRCTC eWallet account.
Salient features of IRCTC eWallet:
● User Authentication: IRCTC eWallet users will be verified and authenticated through their PAN
OR Aadhaar in an Online Verification Process.
● Secured Access: IRCTC offers secure booking through IRCTC eWallet by providing Transaction
Password/ PIN Number that is required to be entered for every booking done through IRCTC
eWallet.
● Complete History: User is provided with a separate link namely IRCTC eWallet that offers
IRCTC eWallet Transaction history, IRCTC eWallet payment History & change transaction
password options.
● Easy Refund: In case of ticket cancellation, the due refund will be credited to your IRCTC
eWallet Account next day.

IRCTC Tourism
IRCTC tourism Asas a subsidiary of the Indian Railways, the Indian Railways Catering and Tourism
Corporation (IRCTC) manages the tourism, online ticketing and catering for the fourth largest rail
network in the world.
It offers domestic and international packages as part of the IRCTC tourism.
IRCTC tour packages
Being the tourism leg of the Indian Railways, IRCTC keeps on coming up with seasonal and festive
offers. Not just offers and packages you can also find IRCTC tourist trains which offer the best of
hospitality, comfort and service. You can book a week-long or even a short two-day trip from the many
IRCTC tourism offers. From Mumbai to Andaman, Vaishno Devi to Tirupati, IRCTC covers the length
and breadth of the country. There are special packages for music, dance and other cultural festivals as
well like the Odisha-Konark Dance and International Sand Art Festival Special.
Some of the famous IRCTC tour packages are:
1. New Delhi to Amritsar
2. Vaishno Devi Economy Package
3. Diwali Teerth Yatra
 12

4. Ramayana Yatra:
5. Bharat Darshan
6. North East Safari
7. Shirdi Special
8. Shiv Shani Sai Darshan
9. Dakshin Bharat Yatra
10. Maharajas' Express:
IRCTC operates and manages one of the best luxury trains in India - the Maharajas’ Express. The train
celebrates India’s regal past by offering leisurely journeys covering the erstwhile princely states in the
country. The train features two fine- dining restaurants, a lounge bar, and a reading area. Out of its
journeys the longest are the Indian Splendour and the Indian Panorama. You can also choose the Heritage
of India, Treasures of India, Gems of India, Southern Sojourn and Southern Jewels which are all a part of
the IRCTC tourism.

IRCTC iMudra
IRCTC iMudra is a digital wallet under which user can deposit money in advance with IRCTC and can be
used as a payment option along with other payment options available on IRCTC for paying money at the
time of booking tickets. It claims of an ultra safe encrypted systems, relentlessly working to secure all
your information. The features of this are:
1. Provides facility for cashless transaction, whether it is sending money, withdrawing cash at
ATMs or buying goods and services online or offline.
2. IRCTC iMudra digital wallet comes with a virtual and physical card.
3. Exclusive offers and discounts across multiple categories like movie tickets, dining, retail, flights
and hotels.
 13

4. Withdrawal of cash in ATMs.

ANALYSIS

Next steps:
1. As part of a catering modernisation step, IRCTC has installed an automatic Pizza Vending
Machine at Mumbai Central Railway Station. This machine will dish out hot pizzas in
“mechanised” way for commuters.
2. Government is working on new innovative ways to perform better. IRCTC has rolled out the
facility of delivering food to passengers on their train seats. Not only food, the passengers can
even place orders for alphonso mangoes. For the food delivery, Indian Railways (IRCTC) has
roped in Trapigo which provides last mile logistics services for food products and other amenities
such as medicines, travel, kits, handicrafts etc. Trapigo is unique as it has specialized technology
to deliver articles to the travelling customers (moving on trains) apart from the usual static ones,
says the startup on its website. The start-up plans to cater all the key tier 1 and tier 2 cities in
India and expand our services to locations of strategic importance to our customers.
3. Indian Railways has also engaged a self-help group to supply alphonso mangoes on the
passengers' seats.
The government is ensuring they do get a clean chit for all its hygiene and effective working of catering
services.
Issues: Why the common man doesn’t prefer e-wallet?
 14

1. OTP is not generating on time.

2. E- wallet charges is Rs.50 then every other transaction is additional Rs. 10.
3. E-wallet is only able to add money in multiples of 100.
4. No refund of money in time.

Tourism:
The Indian Railways conceptualised and built IRCTC to bolster tourism by tying up with travel agents,
tour operators, and hotels. Around 14 lakh people book through IRCTC in a day which gives the railways
a huge advantage to provide its customers with hospitality services. And it was only judicious of the
Railways to introduce IRCTC tour packages to draw on the high traffic that the site receives. Now with
Bharat darshan and opening of international destinations IRCTC is becoming a plethora of services and a
world in itself.
Accessibility issues in the app:
Formatted: Normal1, Indent: First line: 0"

FINDINGS
IRCTC's e-ticketing service has continued to go from strength to strength ever since it came into the
market and now accounts for 70% of reserved tickets in 2018-19 on Indian Railways booked online. On
an average, more than 7.78 lakh Tickets were sold daily through IRCTC's website during 2018-19. The
site offers round the clock ticket booking services except for 35 minutes from 2345 hrs to 0020 hrs.
Catering has, however, emerged as the firm’s biggest contributor to sales over the years. While more than
half of its revenues at 1,044 crore came from its catering business as of fiscal 2019, internet ticketing Formatted: Font: Open Sans
business contributed about 12%. The remaining 444 crore came from its tourism and travel related Formatted: Font: Open Sans
services and ₹176 crore from its Rail Neer packaged drinking water business.
Indian Railways operates at a staggering scale in every fathomable dimension. It moves 23 million
passengers and 3 million tonnes of freight every day, deploying more than 12,000 trains across 115,000
km and some 7,000 stations.
 15

But as the country’s largest employer starts digitisingdigitizing parts of its services operations, it’s
beginning to acquire huge scale in an emerging dimension — data. The network gathers some 100
terabytes of consumer data annually (one terabyte is sufficient to store 500-1,000 movies). Its passenger
booking platform has 25 million users, who make some 800,000 daily transactions. This kind of digital
scale is making the railways ecosystem a fertile ground for entrepreneurs, innovators and those looking to
deploy and test technologies at a large scale. And while the railways has made a good start in
collaborating with third parties, a lot more needs to be done before companies can build a seamless
experience in bookings, payments and other services on top of the railways data pipeline.
Opportunity to work with the railways, especially IRCTC, is focused on improving customer experience.
So, fintech companies such as Paytm and Phone Pe have profited from being payment options for
bookings, Travelkhana and Rail Restro benefited from passengers looking beyond Pantry cars of dodgy
quality and Confirmtkt, Trainman and Rail Yatri gained from the urge to search and nail down confirmed
tickets on a massive and stretched network [for every 100 seats there are 140 applicants on India’s trains,
on average].
According to a spokesperson for Flipkart-owned Phone Pe, its payment gateway is the largest contributor
to UPI transactions on the IRCTC platform, witnessing a 60% quarter-on-quarter growth in transaction
value and a 50% increase in the number of transactions. It also has a micro IRCTC app embedded on its
own app and that has seen a 80-100% growth in the number of tickets sold in the last quarter and is one of
the few to offer zero service charge on transactions.
In September last year, IRCTC has tied up with Bengalurubased CoRover to launch a chatbot called Ask
Disha on its service.The chatbot handles some 10,000 questions simultaneously and nearly 200,000
questions a day. While the service is text-based, CoRover also wants to expand by offering multilingual
voice and video-based services soon.

What is the Future of IRCTC ?

The Indian Railway network is growing at a healthy rate. In the next five years, the Indian railway market
will be the third largest, accounting for 10 percent of the global market. Indian Railways, which is one of
the country's biggest employers, can generate one million jobs, according to Mr Piyush Goyal, Union
Minister for Railways and Coal.
Indian Railways is targeting to increase its freight traffic to 3.3 billion tonnes by 2030 from 1.1 billion
tonnes in 2017.
Public – Private Partnerships
The 2019 Budget for railways proposed a 50 trillion investments in railways by 2030. Private players
should be encouraged as Government alone cannot generate such huge amount for investment. Public-
private partnerships will unleash faster development and completion of tracks, rolling-stock
manufacturing and delivery of passenger freight services. Railways is looking at adopting the China
model of ensuring local manufacturing, developing a local ecosystem for sourcing, and ensuring
technology transfer within a stipulated time — as it embarks on procuring locomotives through JVs.
Opportunities Formatted: Font: Not Bold
 16

Emerging Dimensions of Data

It is projected that freight traffic via the Dedicated Freight Corridors will increase at a CAGR of 5.4 per
cent to 182 MT in 2021–22 from 140 MT in 2016–17.
1. Leverage technology to make a difference. Indian Railways still uses manual inspection. With AI
and inclusion of sensors it can change to real time monitoring. Such technology is so far being
used on only one train iei.e. BengaluruBangalore to Chennai Shatabdi. It should extend to all
trains to make the journey safer.
2. IRCTC should give more opportunities to start-ups to fill in the gaps. Such as to spot the trains
location on its journey even with fluctuating network, providing Wifi services to passengers.
3. An interesting proposal in the making is to induct private players to operate low congestion route
trains.
4. India and France have signed an agreement under which the French Railways will help develop
Indian railway stations.
5. The Indian Railway Station Development Corp (IRDC) entered into a tripartite agreement with
French Railways.Under this pact, French development agency AFD will provide in-kind grant of
up to 7,00,000 euros through French National Railways-Hubs and Connexions as a technical
partner to IRSDC to support the railway station development programme in India, according to a
press statement.
6. IRCTC has recently proposed a pod hotel — a building with a large number of extremely small
and ultra-modern “capsules” (rooms) that provide cheap overnight accommodation — near the
Mumbai Central railway station. This can be extended to all the major cities in the country.
7. Flight- Travellers who book air tickets through the official website are eligible to get free-of-cost
travel insurance of Rs 50 lakh. This facility will be available for both domestic and international
flight passengers. The insurance will provide them financial protection against accidental death
and total or permanent disability, the IRCTC statement said. Bharti AXA General Insurance is the
insurance partner of the Indian Railways Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC). The
premium for insurance will be borne by the IRCTC to secure its passengers from any untoward
incident during the journey.
8. SECURITY: The official website – www.irctc.co.in – is being migrated to TLS 1.2 in order to Formatted: Normal1, Outline numbered + Level: 1 +
Numbering Style: 1, 2, 3, … + Start at: 1 + Alignment: Left +
enhance certain security features. The users of Windows XP/Server 2003 will have to upgrade Aligned at: 0.25" + Indent at: 0.5", Adjust space between
their operating systems, in a bid to ensure uninterrupted usage of the e-ticketing website. Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and
numbers
9. An opportunity to let private players can be encouraged to operate on low congestion routes other
Formatted: Font color: Custom Color(RGB(250,245,250))
than developing frieght corridors
Formatted: Font: Open Sans, 11 pt
1.
Formatted: Font: (Default) Open Sans, 11 pt, Font color:
Custom Color(RGB(105,93,70))

References: Formatted: Indent: Left: 0.5", No bullets or numbering

❏ https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/railways-spends-more-
earns-little-from-e-catering-services-data-presented-in-
parliament/articleshow/65137866.cms?from=mdr
❏
❏ https://www.ndtv.com/business/irctc-indian-railways-ropes-in-iit-iim-alumni-run-start-up-to-
deliver-food-on-train-seats-1861835
❏
 17

❏ https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/railways-conducting-
trials-of-tri-netra-technology/articleshow/69989770.cms
❏
❏ https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/indian-railways-is-
emerging-as-a-hub-of-innovation-for-service-providers/articleshow/69612576.cms
❏
❏ https://www.medianama.com/2019/05/223-irctc-takes-railyatri-and-travelkhana-to-court-over-
unauthorised-meal-services-our-take/
❏
❏ https://www.india.com/technology/indian-railways-latest-news-irctc-website-to-become-
inaccessible-to-these-users-know-why-3530979/
❏
❏ https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/irctc-plans-a-pod-hotel-near-mumbai-central-
terminus/story-SvPRxY4EMMhKRGugyZ93lJ.html
❏ www.irctc.co.in
❏