21st Century Literature l STEM – 11 3. Urbana at Feliza-exchange of letters 6. Balbal-power to see in all directions.

between two sisters. Has 7 heads.

Pre-Colonial: before
4. Psalms for Mary- songs praising 7. Parents: Hara and Rajah lives in
Colonial: subject to admin by Mary. Fr. Mariano Sevilla in 1865. Komara, Mantapoli.
5. Nuestra Senora del Rosario- 8. Setting:
Contemporary: belonging to the present biographies a. Rattan Tree/ Sulihiya-Kurita
Before the Arrival of the Spaniards: 6. Barlaan at Josaphat-first biblical b. Mountain of Matumtum-
story Tarabusao
1. Poetry- c. Mountain of Bita- Pah
a. Riddle Literates:
d. Mountain of Gurayu-Balbal
b. Proverb (maxim) 1. Francisco ‘Balagtas’ Baltazar – 9. Things used:
c. Folksong Florante at Laura. About tyranny. a. Kampilan-single-edged
d. Tanaga Albania. sword
e. Epic 2. Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y b. Kaang-Flower pot rubbed by
f. Whisper Alonzo Realonda – El FIlibusterismo a ring
g. Sung and Noli Me Tangere. c. Plant- Sulayman’s life symbol
i. Gong, Kudyapi, Metal 3. Gregoria de Jesus – wife of Andres d. Jar of water
bells, Kulintang Bonifacio. Wrote tagalog poems. e. Juris Pakal- name of his
2. Tale-beliefs of native spirit 4. Leona Florentino – “Mother of Phil. Sword
a. Myth Women’s Literature”.
b. Legend Hudhud hi Aliguyon: Ifugao
5. Gaspar Aquino de Belen – Ladino –
c. Fable Spanish and English. Wrote Mahal The Harvest song of Aliguyon.
d. Fantastic Story na Pasion ni Jesucristo in 1702.
3. Drama Characters:
a. Dance & Ritual Epics:
1. Amtalao-father
Characteristics: Indarapatra at Sulayman: Epikong 2. Dumulao- Mother
Mindanao/ Maranao 3. Pangaiwan-enemy of his father
1. Secular & Devotional 4. Pumbakhayon-Pangaiwan’s son
2. Religious Characters:
5. Bugan-Pumbakhayon’s sister
3. Formal
1. Indarapatra- King a warrior, can fly
4. Academic Biag-ni-Lam-Ang: Ilokano, by Pedro
2. Sulayman- Defended the kingdom
5. Naturalistic Bukaneg 1640
and is the brother of Indarapatra
Books: 3. Kurita-creature with many Limbs. Characters:
(bc. Of greediness)
1. Doctrina Christiana-first book ever 1. Don Juan and Namongan; Parents
4. Tarabusao-ugly creature. Wants to
published. 1953. Fr. Juan de in Nalbuan
be feared by many.
Placencia and Fr. Doming Nicra 2. Innes Kannoyan from Calautian
5. Pah-enormous bird with large wings/
2. The Pasion- suffering of Jesus 3. Sumarang – enemy for Innes
kapay. Wants to conquer anything.
4. Rooster and Dog
 5. Rarang Fish for dowry 7. She killed their husband’s dog. 7. Tinyente Guevarra
6. Berkakan Monster and River 8. Erehe-kalaban ng simbahan
Florante at Laura: Francisco Baltazar. 1838
7. Marcos and Innes gathered his 9. Pilibustero- kalaban ng pamahalaan
for Maria Asuncion Rivera.
bones.
El FIlibusterismo:
1. Setting: Albanya Forest
Ibalon: Bikol
2. Florante Characters:
Characters: 3. Laura
1. Simoun
4. Aladin
1. Baltog-Boltavara 2. Huli
5. Flerida
2. Tandayag- destroyed his field. A wild 3. Basilio
6. Duke Briseo
boar. 4. Padre Florentino
7. Adolfo-antagonist
3. Handiong-killed the one-eyed giant, 5. Isagani
8. Sultan Ali-Adab
Dambuhala. 6. Padre Camorra
4. Tiburon-giant flying shark The Mats: Francisco Arcellano
Andres Bonifacio: Pag-Ibig sa Tinubuang
5. Tamaraw
Characters: Bayan
6. Sarimaw
7. Crocodiles 1. Father-Jamie Angeles Amado Vera Hernandez: Kung Tuyo na ang
8. Savage Monkeys 2. Mother: Emilia Luha mo aking Bayan
9. Oriol- serpent with a good voice. 3. Alive Children:
Hardest to kill Jose Rizal: Mi Ultimo Adios
a. Jose
10. Isarog-name of town Handiong built. b. Juan Jose Corazon de Jesus: Bayan Ko
11. Rabot- half man/ half beast c. Jesus
12. Bantong-attacked Rabot. Stabbed d. Antonio Francisco Balagtas: Sa Loob at Labas ng
him while sleeping. e. Marcelina Bayan kong Sawi
4. Deceased: The Safe House:Sandra Nicole Roldan
Philippine Revolution: or tagalog War
a. Josefina
between Filipino and Spaniards.
b. Victoria - Teacher of lit. at UP Diliman
c. Conception - Characters:
5. Setting: their House, time afternoon. - Little Girl – five years old
The Dog Eaters: Leoncio Deriada in 1838 - Father – a revolutionary leader
Noli Me Tangere: Jose Rizal in Oct. 1887. - Lived with her Grandparents
Characters:
Characters: Lengua Para Diablo: Merlinda Bobis
1. Victor- body builder and club
bouncer 1. Kap. Tiyago
- The Devil ate my Words is an
2. Mariana-with a child in her womb. 2. Ibarra
excerpt from Banana Heart Summer
3. Victor and Friends-drinks tuba 3. Maria Clara
- Father- lost his job and didn’t want to
4. Setting: Artiaga Street 4. Padre Damaso
let down his pride.
5. Name of dog: Ramir 5. Padre Salvi
- Mother-
6. Aling Elpedia- herbal liquid. 6. Alfonso Linares
 - Spanish Mestizo-employer of his
father
Preludes: Daryll Delgado
- Theme: Gender Inequality bc. Of
unequal treat of the husband to his
wife.
- Nenita(wife) : fond of Willie
Revillame. Always forgives her
husband, he cheated on her
- Herbalista- the one who suggested
about the tea that would make his
vein pop.
Turban Legends: R. Zamora Linmark
- Cloth in middle east
- Characters:
- Vince
- Sister Jing
- Man
The Waiting: Ron Darvin
- Doctoral candidate vanier scholar in
Dept. of Language
- Isabel ( mother ): former teacher
who worked abroad.
- Miguel- their son around 15 y/o.
- Roberto- former husband who has
an affair with Kiko’s sister in law.
Around 40 y/o. Used to be a
manager.
Flicker fade Gone: Carljoe Javier
- Phil. Free Press and Phil. Graphic
- Boy- who grew up in the arcade
game and had himself inside the
game where he found his world.
- Parents
- Students
Virtual Center: Raissa Claire Rivera
- UP Art Studies
- Characters:
- Delia- works at the VC
- Art- rich client who fell in love with
Delia
- Nick- Delia’s brother who bombed
the VC and left them hungry
- Reggie- Delia’s highschool crush
- Virtual Center- a place for your own
fantasies.
Figures of Speech:
1. Simile- comparison using the like
and as
a. Example: She is like a
shooting star, that I have
always waited at night.
2. Metaphor- comparison w/o using as
or like
a. She is a treasure for her
family.
b. You are my sunshine.
3. Onomatopoeia- creation of words to
imitate a sound of nature.
a. Broom, broom!
b. Meow, meow!
c. Hiss, hiss….
4. Hyperbole- exaggeration of things
a. Your head is a size of a pea.
b. I’ve bled a ton of blood for
this research.
5. Assonance- repeating of vowel
sounds in a sentence.
a. Summer Fun.
b. Rise high in the bright skies.
6. Alliteration- repetition of the
beginning sound of the sentence.
a. She sells seashells by the
seashore.
7. Imagery-makes use of our 5 senses
a. Visual: Sight
i. The bright orange
filter blinds my eyes
b. Auditory: Hearing
i. The harsh sound of
his breath is all I hear.
c. Tactile: Touch
i. His skin is so smooth.
d. Gustatory: taste
i. Mother’s food tasted
like strawberries.
e. Olfactory: Smell
i. Her hair smells like
the lavender flower in
our garden.
Elements of Poetry
Line- a group of words arranged in a row.
Stanza – group of lines within a poem
Rhythm and Rhyme – pattern of stressed
syllables
Repetition – line or words repeated in a
poem
Form – poem’s structure or the way the
words are arranged.
Types of Poetry:
1. Lyric- strong feelings and emotions.
Ex. Sonnet, Elegy, Ode
2. Narrative- telling a story. Ex. Ballad,
Epic
 3. Descriptive- describes the world that Hymnal Quatrain – This multi stanza
surrounds the speaker. contains three alternating rhymes with
iambic trimester and iambic tetrameter.
Additionals: Rhyme scheme is a4 b3 c4 b3.
Couplet – two lines
Elegiac Stanza – This uses abab rhyme
Tercet – three lines scheme with iambic pentameter.

Quatrain – Four lines Memoriam Stanza – This uses abba rhyme

Quintet – five lines scheme with iambic tetrameter.

Sestet- six lines

Septet – seven lines
Octave – Eight lines
Quatrain Composition:
A quatrain is a verse with four lines, or even
a full poem containing four lines, having an
independent and separate theme. Often one
line consists of alternating rhyme, existing in
a variety of forms.

Iambic Pentameter- a line of verse with five

metrical feet, each consisting of one short
(or unstressed) syllable followed by one
long (or stressed) syllable, for example Two
households, both alike in dignity.

Ballad Stanza – Its rhyme scheme is abab

with iambic tetrameter.

Envelope Stanza – Its rhyme scheme is

abba with iambic tetrameter.

Goethe Stanza – Its rhyme scheme is abab

but no meter.

Italian Quatrain – Its rhyme scheme is abba

with iambic pentameter.