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General Report on Boeing 787 -9 flight performance data calculation

Technical Report · April 2017

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.15748.12161

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 Moscow Aviation Institute
(National Research University)

Aeronautical Engineering
Department of Flight Dynamics and Control

Course Project
Airplane Flight Dynamics
Report
Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner
Basic plane flight performances

Report By Guided By
Aditya Baraskar Prof. Nikolay Markin,
Master’s Degree Student Associate Professor, Ph.D

Moscow
2017

1
 Contents
Page
1. Tasks 3
2. Introduction 3
3. Boeing 787-9 4
4. Performance 6
5. Plane Data 7
6. Level steady flight performances 9
7. Trust required and available 12
8. Limitations 14
9. Climbing 15

2
 1. Tasks

1.1 Identify for plane B-787-9:

 Range of available plane motion parameters;
 Takeoff and Landing performances;
 Flight path;
 Maneuverability and maneuvers performances;
 Distance and duration of flight.

2. Introduction
The Boeing 787 Dreamliner is an American long-haul, mid-
size widebody, twin-engine jet airliner made by Boeing Commercial
Airplanes. Its variants seat 242 to 335 passengers in typical three-class seating
configurations. It is Boeing's most fuel-efficient airliner and is a pioneering
airliner with the use of composite materials as the primary material in the
construction of its airframe. The 787 was designed to be 20% more fuel
efficient than the Boeing 767, which it was intended to replace. The 787
Dreamliner's distinguishing features include mostly electrical flight
systems, raked wingtips, and noise-reducing chevrons on its engine nacelles. It
shares a common type rating with the larger Boeing 777 to allow
qualified pilots to operate both models.

Figure 1. Boeing 787

The aircraft's initial designation was the 7E7, prior to its renaming in
January 2005. The first 787 was unveiled in a roll-out ceremony on July 8,
2007 at Boeing's Everett factory. Development and production of the 787 has
involved a large-scale collaboration with numerous suppliers worldwide. Final
3
assembly takes place at the Boeing Everett Factory in Everett, Washington,
and at the Boeing South Carolina factory in North Charleston, South
Carolina. Originally planned to enter service in May 2008, the project
experienced multiple delays. The airliner's maiden flight took place on
December 15, 2009, and completed flight testing in mid-2011. Boeing has
reportedly spent $32 billion on the 787 program. Final US Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA) and European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) type
certification was received in August 2011 and the first 787-8 was delivered in
September 2011.

It entered commercial service on October 26, 2011 with launch customer All
Nippon Airways. The stretched 787-9 variant, which is 20 feet (6.1 m) longer
and can fly 450 nautical miles (830 km) farther than the -8, first flew in
September 2013. Deliveries of the 787-9 began in July 2014; it entered
commercial service on August 7, 2014 with All Nippon Airways, with 787-9
launch customer Air New Zealand following two days later. As of March
2017, the 787 had orders for 1,211 aircraft from 64 customers, with All
Nippon Airways having the largest number on order.

3. Boeing 787-9
Boeing's 787-9 Dreamliner is a stretched variant of the 787-8 aircraft. The
787-9 is a lengthened and strengthened variant with a 20 feet (6.1 m) longer
fuselage and a 54,500 pounds (24,700 kg) higher maximum take-off weight
(MTOW), seating 280 passengers in a typical three-class arrangement. It can travel
up to a range of 8,300nm (15,372km). Boeing's 787-9 offers new passenger-
pleasing features and delivers high performance, while also consuming 20% less
fuel than any other aircraft in its class. The maiden flight of the 787-9 was
completed in September 2013. The first aircraft was delivered in June 2014.
Visionary design of the 787-9 incorporates a one-piece fuselage and low-swept
back wings. The majority of the primary structure, including the fuselage and
wings, comprises composite materials such as carbon sandwich, carbon laminate
and a glass / carbon hybrid. These materials make up 50% of the 787-9's weight.
The composite wing structure provides the aircraft with a higher aspect ratio.
Combined with high-efficiency raked wing tips, the high-aspect ratio wings
enhance speed while reducing the consumption of fuel. The simple pivot trailing
edge flaps provide the aircraft with high lift-to-drag characteristics without
sacrificing performance.

4
 Figure 2. Boeing 787-9

The design and build work of the 787-9 employs new technologies for
achieving efficiency in the production process. The use of one-piece barrel
eliminated 1,500 aluminium sheets and about 50,000 fixings.

5
 4. Performances

Model 787-8 787-9 787-10

Cockpit crew Two
Seating, typical 242, max. 359 290, max. 406 330, max. 440
Seating for exit 381 420 440
limit
186 ft 1 in 206 ft 1 in 224 ft (68.28 m)
Length
(56.72 m) (62.81 m)
Cabin width 18 ft 0 in (5.49 m)
Wingspan 197 ft 3 in (60.12 m)
Wing area 3,880 sq ft (360.5 m2)
Wing sweep 32.2 degrees
Aspect ratio 10.03
Height 55 ft 10 in (17.02 m)
4,826 ft³ /136.7 m³ 6,090 ft³ / 172.5 m³ 6,722 ft³ / 191.4 m³
28 LD3 36 LD3 40 LD3
Cargo capacity
or 9 (88×125) or 11 (96×125) or 13 (96×125)
pallets pallets pallets
Cargo capacity
Operating empty 264,500 lb / 284,000 lb / -
weight 119,950 kg 128,850 kg
Maximum takeoff 502,500 lb / 560,000 lb / 560,000 lb /
weight (MTOW) 227,930 kg 254,011 kg 254,011 kg
Maximum 380,000 lb / 425,000 lb / 445,000 lb /
landing weight 172,365 kg 192,777 kg 201,849 kg
Maximum zero- 355,000 lb / 400,000 lb / 425,000 lb /
fuel weight 161,025 kg 181,437 kg 192,777 kg
Cruise speed Mach 0.85 (488 kn; 561 mph; 903 km/h)
Airspeed limit[236] Mach 0.89 (511 kn; 587 mph; 945 km/h)
10,300 ft -
Takeoff distance (3,100 m) 9,400 ft (2,900 m)
MTOW (ISA, SL) hi thrust: 8,500 ft
(2,600 m)
7,355 nmi 7,635 nmi 6,430 nmi
Range
(13,621 km) (14,140 km) (11,908 km)
33,340 US gal / 33,384 US gal / 126,372 L
126,206 L 223,673 lb / 101,456 kg
Fuel capacity
223,378 lb /
101,323 kg
Service ceiling 43,000 ft (13,100 m)
Engines (×2) General Electric GEnx-1B or Rolls-Royce Trent 1000
64,000 lbf 71,000 lbf 76,000 lbf
Thrust (×2)
(280 kN) (320 kN) (340 kN)
6
5. Plane Data

Figure 3. Aerodynamics Coefficients and Polar

P available/Ро
0.8

Н, km
0.6

0
0.4

3
0.2
6
9
11
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85

M
Figure 4. Relative available trust. Po – takeoff trust

Limits М<0.85; Vi <750 км/ч

7
Payload characteristic and its fractions

m0(total) 250000 Kg η=mi/m0

m(payload) 63958 Kg 0.255832
m(fuel) 101456 Kg 0.405824
m(empty) 84586 Kg 0.338344
m(normal) 167293.2 Kg 0.6691728
To 640000 N
ToH 0.260958

Polar Cxa = Cxo + A (Cya-Cyo)²

M Cy available Cxo A Cyo Polar Cxa

0,2 1.12 0.022 0.07 0.145 0.088
0,4 1.11 0.022 0.07 0.145 0.087
0,6 1.03 0.023 0.08 0.14 0.086
0,8 0.95 0.024 0.12 0.103 0.110
0,9 0.8 0.029 0.17 0.063 0.121

Trust performances

P(H)v Cе(н)v P(H)v Cе(н)v P(H)v Cе(н)v

M\H 0 2 4
0.2 0.85 1.07 0.79 1.06 0.72 1.04
0.4 0.79 1.18 0.72 1.15 0.74 1.13
0.6 0.75 1.32 0.68 1.25 0.6 1.23
0.8 0.74 1.46 0.67 1.39 0.58 1.33
0.9 0.74 1.49 0.67 1.44 0.58 1.37

P(H)v Cе(н)v P(H)v Cе(н)v P(H)v Cе(н)v P(H)v Cе(н)v

6 8 10 13
0.6 1.03 0.5 1.02 0.39 0.6 0.3 0.4
0.55 1.1 0.48 1.08 0.37 0.55 0.18 1.01
0.53 1.2 0.46 1.16 0.37 0.53 0.19 1.12
0.52 1.28 0.47 1.24 0.38 0.52 0.26 1.16
0.53 1.32 0.48 1.29 0.41 0.53 0.26 1.24

8
6. Level steady flight performances

Weight Data

(Weight (G) = mg)

Minimum Mass takeoff Kg mi

Maximum Mass takeoff Kg ma
Normal Mass takeoff Kg mo
Maximum Payload Kg map
Normal Mass Payload Kg mp
Maximum Fuel Mass Kg maf
Normal Fuel Mass Kg mf

g = g0 (R3/R3+H)2
g0 = 9.81 m/s2
Practically g = g0 = constant; (H << R3)

Standard Mass: mc = m0 + 0.5mp + 0.5mf

9
 Practice

Plane B-787-9 М<=0,85

325
S = Ро = 640000 N L = 47.79411765
m0 = 250000 kg Рон = 0.260958 Bа = 6.8
m(payload)= 0.255832 63958 Ps = 7546.154 I(го) = 4.4
M = 0,2; 0,4; 0,6;
m(fuel) = 0.405824 101456 Ce(он) = 0.04 0,8; 0,9
m(empty) = 0.338344 84586 n(дв) = 4 H=0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 13
m(normal) = 167293 0.6692 G = 9.81

Mnavig = 0.1 10146

m(finish) = 94732

4. Lift coefficient required and available

10
 Flight performance analysis

Calculation Lift coefficient required and available

М Н=0 км 2 км 4 км 6 км 8 км 10 км
0.2 2.51498298 3.2062124 4.15117255 5.41818099 7.17411364 9.64573454
0.4 0.62874575 0.8015531 1.03779314 1.35454525 1.79352841 2.41143363
0.6 0.27944255 0.35624582 0.46124139 0.60202011 0.79712374 1.07174828
0.8 0.15718644 0.20038827 0.25944828 0.33863631 0.4483821 0.60285841
0.9 0.12419669 0.15833148 0.20499618 0.26756449 0.35427722 0.47633257

Figure 5. Lift coefficients required and available

11
 7. Trust required and available
Ya = CyaqS = mg
Cya = mg/qS
Cxa = Cxm + A (Cya-Cym)2
Xa = CxaqS or Xa = Ya [Cxa/Cya] = mg/k
Required thrust for Level Steady flight
Pn = Tr = Xa

Thrust required
Altitude Н, km
М 0 2 4 6 8 10 13
0.2 544000 505600 460800 384000 320000 249600 192000
0.4 505600 460800 473600 352000 307200 236800 115200
0.6 480000 435200 384000 339200 294400 236800 121600
0.8 473600 428800 371200 332800 300800 243200 166400
0.9 473600 428800 371200 339200 307200 262400 166400

12
 Trust available
Altitude Н, km
М 0 2 4 6 8 10 13
0.2 270922.6917 347029.1221 452851.3339 596235.4555 796217.063 1078781.278 2141756.454
0.4 100180.8163 106824.6373 123024.2865 150733.0469 194203.0116 259684.6344 518089.3178
0.6 144212.7606 123189.6789 111210.9343 109252.417 118475.3743 141570.2888 258363.2614
0.8 254256.7049 205876.872 170391.2393 148602.8011 140237.2652 146956.4194 227339.6227
0.9 391620.982 316606.1118 259607.4209 221509.8368 201152.524 199981.4458 277593.488

13

Р available

Н[km]

10

08

Р required
06
04
02
00

Figure 6. Trust required and available

13
8. Limitations

1. Cyav  Cyavailable
mg
M (Cy) available 
0.7 pH  Cyav  S
Cyavailable  1.2

2. Viav  Viavailable
Viav  H  0
M (Viavailable ) 
a H   H 
,

Viavailable  750 km/hour; Viavailable  208 m/s

3. M iav  M iavailable
M iavailable  0.85 ,

Table Mach available

H, m M (Cy) available M (Viavailable ) M iavailable

0 0.3156 0.6 0.85

2000 0.3084 0.6621 0.85
4000 0.3010 0.7353 0.85
6000 0.2935 0.8191 0.85
8000 0.2857 0.8623 0.85
10000 0.2777 0.9378 0.85

14
 9. Climbing

M 0 км 2 км 4 км 6 км 8 км 10 км 13KM
0.2 0.16639445 0.09662214 0.004843368 -0.129321627 -0.290173786 -0.505245799 -1.188046912
0.4 0.247034448 0.215688137 0.213616625 0.12263818 0.06885256 -0.013944316 -0.245492922
0.6 0.204605551 0.190117539 0.166218815 0.140114174 0.107196316 0.058026408 -0.083334085
0.8 0.133652654 0.135833957 0.122358989 0.11223705 0.09783584 0.05864419 -0.037132397
0.9 0.049952351 0.068363206 0.06799681 0.071712257 0.064618007 0.038033556 -0.067753631

Trust load factor

Pavailable  Prequired
nxa 
mg

Н [км]
0

10

13

Figure 7. Trust load factor available

15
 Climbing vertical speed
Pavailable  Prequired
Vy*  Vnxa  V
mg

M 0 км 2 км 4 км 6 км 8 км 10 км 13 KM
0.2 11.328134 6.4292372 0.3145283 -8.18864544 -17.8863121 -30.2743282 -70.11852877

0.4 33.636210 28.703777 27.744527 15.53089907 8.488143593 -1.67108677 -28.97798457

0.6 41.788637 37.951263 32.382749 26.61608859 19.8227427 10.43082718 -14.75513313

0.8 36.396290 36.153565 31.783970 28.42740012 24.12240482 14.05583956 -8.766216268

0.9 15.303402 20.469994 19.870707 20.43369038 17.92374282 10.25536794 -17.99468696

Н [км]
0
2

4
6

10

13

Figure 8. Climbing vertical speed available

16
 Climbing flight path

H ρ(H) a(H) V*ymax M(V*ymax)

0 1.23 340.4 41.78863767 0.6
2 1.01 332.7 37.95126312 0.6
4 0.819 324.7 32.38274953 0.6
6 0.66 316.6 28.42740012 0.8
8 0.526 308.2 24.12240482 0.8
10 0.414 299.6 14.05583956 0.8
13 0.2176 299.6 -8.766216268 0.8

Absolute Ceiling = 11.8 км

Figure 9. Maximum Climbing vertical speed available

17
 Climbing Time
Vi 21  Vi 2
g

 2  H i 1  H i 
t HBi 
(Vymax i 1  Vymax i ) / 2 t HB  t HBi

H (m) a(H) V*ymax M(V*ymax) V(H) m/s ∆tHBi (s) tHBi (S) tHBi(Min)
0 340.4 41.78863767 0.6 204.24 0 0 0
2000 332.7 37.95126312 0.6 199.62 95.5393 117.279 1.95465
4000 324.7 32.38274953 0.6 194.82 189.776 307.055 5.117577
6000 316.6 28.42740012 0.8 253.28 120.298 427.353 7.122545
8000 308.2 24.12240482 0.8 246.56 139.26 566.613 9.443545
10000 299.6 14.05583956 0.8 239.68 340.896 907.509 15.12515
13000 295.2 -8.76621627 0.8 236.08 0 0 0

18
 Climbing Path

V V
K
 V V 
LHBi  t HBi  i 1 i LHB    t HBi  i 1 i 
2 i 1  2 

H M(V*ymax) ∆tHBi (s) ∑tHBi (S) ∑tHBi(Min) ∆LHBi m ∆LHBi Km LHBi(Km)

0 0.6 0 0 0 0 0 0
2000 0.6 95.5393 117.279 1.95465 3807 3.807 3.807
4000 0.6 189.776 307.055 5.117577 6670.33 6.67033 10.4773
6000 0.6 120.298 427.353 7.122545 3657.6 3.6576 14.1349
8000 0.8 139.26 566.613 9.443545 3658.99 3.65899 17.7939
10000 0.8 340.896 907.509 15.12515 5825.41 5.82541 23.6193

Figure 12. Climbing Time

19
 20

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