Research study design

on
nature of investigation
 nature of investigation
• On the basis of nature of investigation can be
classified as
• Experimental
• Non Experimental
• Quasi or semi experimental
• Researcher introduces the intervention that is
assumed to be the cause of the change-
experimental study
• If the researcher observes a phenomenon and
attempting to establish what caused it then it
is Non experimental study
 Experimental Studies

Intervention
Outcome
programme
/change
Cause
Effect

Non experimental Studies

• In Experimental Method Independent variable
can be observed ,introduced controlled or
manipulated by the researcher
• In the non experimental researcher
retrospectively links the cause or outcome
 Experimental Study Design
• The after only design
• The Before and after design
• The control group design
• Double control design
• The comparative design
• The matched control design
• The placebo design
 Basics principles of experimental
design
• Principle of replication
• Principle of randomization
• Principle of local control
• The number of replications (sample size) is the
number of experimental units that receive
each treatment
• Randomization means the use of a random
device to assign the treatments to the
experimental units
• to exert local control. the treatments should
be applied uniformly and under standardized
conditions.
 The after only design
• The data available about the prevalence of a
phenomenon

population Study population

intervention

• Impact of health programme

• Impact of monitoring breath test on road
accidents
• retrospective
 Before and after design
• Constructing the before observation before
intervention is created
• After the completion of intervention the after
observation is recorded
• Change in dependent variable

Before After
 The control group design
• Researcher selects two population instead of one
• A control group and Experimental group
• Experimental group
Study population Study population
• intervention

• Control group
Study population Study population
 The double control group design
• Researcher selects two control group population
instead of one
Study population Study population
• intervention

• Control group
Study population Study population

Study population Study population

No data collection
 The comparative group design
• Researcher selects has comparative experimental design
• intervention

Study population Study population

Study population Study population

Study population Study population

 Matched control experimental design
• Two individuals from the study population
who are identical with respect to selected
characteristic /condition such as gender,
socioeconomic status, or age
• Used in impact of drugs on population
 Placebo design
• A patient’s belief that he receiving treatment
can play an important role in his recovery of
illness-Placebo effect.
The Placebo design