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Abstract - Eco-BLAC bricks uses the boiler ash and 3. To prevent air pollution, by avoiding burning of
alkali-activation technology. This technology uses boiler kilns.
ash as an aluminosilicate, combining it with an alkaline
activator solution. When combined, the ash dissolves, 4. To manufacture a brick without consumption of
followed by the construction of a geo-polymer gel, a solid energy.
that gives the brick strength. This solution reuses
industrial waste rather than topsoil, and is low-cost and 5. Maximum use of boiler ash
low energy. By using a chemical reaction rather than a
6. Low energy process
firing, the bricks gain strength at ambient temperatures,
not requiring the massive consumption of coal (roughly
7. Low natural resource consumption.
24 million tons annually) in traditional clay-fired brick
production. 3. SCOPE
Key words: fly ash, alkali activation, geopolymer, 1. Due to the day by day increase of industrial waste
aluminosilicate. the land filling and land pollution increases. This
project helps in reducing the disposal of plastic
1. INTRODUCTION waste for future.
Eco-BLAC bricks is a way of repurposing boiler ash,
2. To reduce the usage of natural clay, in order to
reducing landfills. Boiler ash is produced by small to
avoid top soil depletion.
medium factories such as paper mills when they burn
cheap materials to produce energy. Due to its
3. To provide green environment which is one of the
uselessness in most applications, it ends up in landfills
major need today.
where it possess serious hazards to the environment and
human health.
4. To increase the strength of bricks and to reduce
In addition to finding a way to repurpose boiler ash, it cost of construction.
also took the opportunity to address another
4. ALKALI ACTIVATION TECHNOLOGY
environmental issue in India – the production of clay-
fired bricks. On top of requiring topsoil for production, The reaction of a solid aluminosilicate with a highly
degrading farmland, the manufacturing process of clay- concentrated aqueous alkali hydroxide solution
fired bricks causes air pollution and requires significant produces a synthetic alkali aluminosilicate material
energy consumption, with bricks being fired at generally called a ‘geopolymer’. This material can
temperatures approaching 1000℃. Workers must provide comparable performance to traditional
endure these vicious work conditions for little pay as cementitious binders in a range of applications, but with
well. the added advantage of significantly reduced greenhouse
emissions. Depending upon the raw material selection
As a solution to both problems, Eco-BLAC bricks were
and processing conditions, geopolymers can exhibit a
developed: masonry using boiler ash and alkali-
wide variety of properties and characteristics, including
activation technology. The bricks have been subjected to
high compressive strength, low shrinkage, fast or slow
various tests, including mechanic resistance under
setting, acid resistance, fire resistance and low thermal
compression, durability, and water absorption, all with
conductivity. Despite this wide variety of commonly
promising results.
boated attributes, these properties are not necessarily
2. OBJECTIVES inherent to all geo polymeric formulations. Inorganic
polymers, as well as some of the extrinsic properties that
1. To reduce the disposal of paper industry waste into may be imparted by appropriate raw material selection
landfills. and mix design.
2. To manufacture a low cost bricks. Although the term ‘geopolymer’ is generally used to
describe the amorphous to crystalline reaction products
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2765
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
from synthesis of alkali aluminosilicates from reaction alkaline activator to produce a paste capable of setting
with alkali hydroxide/alkali solution, geopolymeric gels and hardening.
and composites are also commonly referred to as ‘alkali-
activated cement’. Despite this variety of nomenclature, Geopolymer material were prepared by mixing
these terms all describe materials synthesised utilizing aluminosilicate with the alkaline activator solution. The
the same chemistry, which can be described as a alkaline activator solution were prepared by the
complex system of coupled alkali medicated dissolution dissolution of sodium hydroxide in one litre of distilled
and precipitation reactions in an aqueous reaction water in a volumetric flask to obtain 2M concentration.
substrate.
6.2 SAMPLE PREPARATION
5. A CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR
GEOPOLYMERIZATION The alkaline solution was added to the geopolymeric
precursor (fly ash), and other materials required for
In the 1950s Glukhovsky proposed a general mechanism composition and mixed for 5 minutes to obtain a
for the alkali activation of materials primarily homogenous mixture. The geopolymer mixture formed a
comprising silica and reactive alumina. The Glukhovsky slurry paste and was poured into a steel sample mould
model divides the process into three stages: (a) which was then allowed to stand at room temperature
destruction-coagulation; (b) coagulation-condensation; for few hours.
(c) condensation-crystallization. More recently, different
authors have elaborated on and extended the
Glukhovsky theories and applied the accumulated
knowledge about zeolite synthesis in order to explain the
geopolymerization process as a whole.
7. RAW MATERIALS
1. Fly ash
2. Clay
3. Lime
4. Sodium hydroxide
5. Stone dust
6. Gypsum
8. MIX PROPORTIONS
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2766
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Mix Fly Stone Lime gypsum In this test, two randomly selected bricks are hardly
proportion ash dust punched with each other. If they produce a clear metallic
sound and remain unbroken then they are good quality
IV 60% 25% 10% 5% bricks.
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2767