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Comparison methods of Fuzzy Logic Control and Feed Forward Neural Network
in automatic operating temperature and humidity control system (Oyster
Mushroom Farm House) using microcon...

Conference Paper · November 2016

DOI: 10.1109/ISESD.2016.7886713

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 Comparison Methods of Fuzzy Logic Control and Feed Forward Neural
Network In Automatic Operating Temperature and Humidity Control
System (Oyster Mushroom Farm House) Using Microcontroller
R. Y. Adhitya1), M. A. Ramadhan 1), S. Kautsar1), N. Rinanto1), S. T. Sarena1), Ii Munadhif 1), Mat Syai’in1), R.T.
Soelistijono1), Adi Soeprijanto2)
1) Automation Engineering Study Program, Department of Marine Electrical Engineering,
Shipbuilding Institute of Polytechnic Surabaya (SHIPS/PPNS), Surabaya, Indonesia
2) Department of Electrical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
Email: ryanyudhaadhitya@gmail.com

Abstract-- The productivity of oyster mushroom
cultivation in low-lying areas are still not optimal. This is
due to the cultivation of oyster mushrooms needs ideal
temperature and humidity (temperature 22 -28 ° C with a
humidity of 60% -80%), while nowadays temperature and
humidity preservation process is done in a conventional
manner. Given these problems, the researchers gave the
solution by creating a tool that able to work automatically
to monitor and control the temperature and humidity in
oyster mushroom cultivation problem based on
microcontroller. Inputs used in these system are the value
of temperature and humidity data readings from DHT11.
While the output of the system is two actuators, the first is
the exhaust fan and the second is mist maker. In the
operation of the appliance automatically there will be two
choices of data processing methods are applied, the method
of Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) and Feed Forward
Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN). Performance
tools based on the application of these two methods will be
compared to determine the most optimal and effective
method when it applied to the tool to automatically control
temperature and humidity oyster mushroom farm house.
Based on the test results and data analysis, the tools can
work well and also perform that optimal and effective data
processing method is Neural Network with an average
conditioning response time of 69.8 seconds to reach the
ideal temperature and 113.4 seconds for the ideal
humidity.
Keywords: Cultivation of Oyster Mushroom, Fuzzy Logic,
Feed Forward Neural Network, Microcontroller, DHT11.
I. INTRODUCTION
Indonesia as an equatorial country, became a heaven for
a wide variety of plant kingdom that cause biodiversity in this
country is very abundant. In order to meet national food
security, people should try to develop new sources of food
types. The mushroom, which was once a wild plant, has now
become a high source of nutrients for humans [2]. One of the
main mushroom are much in demand by the public is the
oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). Nowadays the growth
of oyster mushroom needs are increased, prompted many
actors from UMKM (Micro, Small and Medium home
industry) raise their efforts in fulfill the market demand [1].
But in reality, the productivity of mushroom cultivation is still
considered suboptimal. This is due to the cultivation of
mushrooms require ideal temperature and humidity
(temperature 22 - 28 ° C with a humidity of 60% - 80%) in
order to obtain optimal results. While for now the process of
controlling the temperature and humidity to reach the ideal
mushroom cultivation is done by conventional manner using a
manual sprayer and make it more difficult for farmers to
obtain the optimal results and when at the dry season it takes
extra energy to secure the conditions of temperature and
humidity of mushrooms house [3].
Based on this background, the manufacture of automated
tools to control temperature and humidity oyster mushroom
farm house is proposed. Using two data processing methods to
find the most optimal and effective method in order to get
maximum performance result, its controlled by
microcontroller arduino Mega. This tool is created to give
solution for increasing the productivity of oyster mushroom
cultivation in order to remain optimal throughout the year, not
limited to season, and also the location of cultivation can be
carried out in low-lying areas and upland areas.
II. METHODOLOGY
A. Design System
System tools work automatically to control temperature
and humidity of Oyster Mushroom Farm House, by controlling
environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity to
optimize the growth of oyster mushrooms. Changes in
temperature and humidity of oyster mushrooms house detected
by the DHT11 sensor. DHT11 sensor data will be used as
inputs to be processed by the brain of the system, using the
Arduino Mega with fuzzy logic controller calculation or Feed
Forward Neural Network calculation to serve as a reference
value in taking action in carrying actuators (Exhaust Fan and
Mist Maker). Data temperature and humidity mushrooms
house will be displayed on the LCD in real time. For more
details can be seen in the overall system flowchart in Fig. 1.

1

Fig. 1. Flowchart of Main System
B. Hardware Design
The Placement of electronics hardware (such as sensors,
controllers and actuators) are arranged in a proportional
condition to get a good response and also more accurate. Here
is the hardware design of Oyster Mushroom Farm House:
Fig. 2. Design of Oyster Mushrooms House
Oyster mushrooms house design in Figure 2. was designed in
accordance with actual conditions. Roofs made from woven
rice straw and walls made from woven bamboo, these
materials are used for conditioning air circulation in the
mushrooms house . So the efforts in achieving the set point
temperature and humidity can be easily achieved. There are
two input in this system, the temperature and humidity values
obtained from the DHT11. While output in this system there
are two actuators, the exhaust DC fan and mist maker. This is
explained in Figure 3. the hardware system.
2
Fig. 3. Hardware System
C. Data Processing Method
In this research will explain the application of zero order
sugeno fuzzy logic controller and feed forward neural
network. The automatic tools that have been implemented both
of these methods will be compared in order to know the most
optimal method to be applied in case of oyster mushroom
cultivation. Input and output parameter values obtained from
the results of field studies in one of the main oyster mushroom
farmers in urban areas, in the Lidah Kulon area, Surabaya. In
addition, according to the literature on the Raharjo’s book with
the title “Oyster Mushroom Cultivation” (Pleourotus ostreatus
var florida) in South Sumatra that takes optimal growth of
mushroom in house temperature is between 28 till 30 ° C and
humidity of 50 till 60% at the time of incubation. While the
temperature in the formation of growing bodies until the
harvest ranged between 22 - 28 ° C with a humidity of 60 -
80%. When the humidity is less, then the plant substrate will
dry. Based on the results of field studies and literatures then
input and output FLC rule base and NN data training
parameters are formed.
D. Application of Fuzzy Logic Method
The fuzzy logic method by using zero order sugeno
fuzzy logic is applied on the temperature and humidity control
devices, the two inputs values, temperature and humidity
values taken from the DHT11. The outputs are two DC
motors, the first as exhaust fan and the second as Mist Maker.
Validating method of data processing is done by using
Matlab. Matlab is used as a calibrator if a micro’s program
error occurs. Steps that must be done in term to use Matlab as
calibrators are:
1. Making the membership function input.
2. Preparation of the output membership function.
3. Making The Rule.
 To create the membership function input and output and
the rule base is taken from the planning of data processing
methods that have been made previously.
Fig. 4. Temperature MF
Figure 4. is a membership function of temperature input
with 5 variables: COLD (15oC - 25oC), COLD ENOUGH
(20oC - 30oC), MEDIUM (25oC - 35oC), HOT ENOUGH
(30oC - 40oC) and HOT (35oC - 45oC). Data to be processed is
the temperature data from DHT11.
Fig. 5. Humidity MF
In Figure 5. is a membership function of humidity input with 5
variables: DRY (0% - 40%), DRY ENOUGH (20% - 50%),
NORMAL (40% - 60%), WET ENOUGH (50% - 60%) and
WET. Data to be processed is the data readout also from the
DHT11.
Fig. 6. Mist Maker MF
Figure 6. is a mistmaker membership function with three
variables : SLOW (5V), MEDIUM (9V) and FAST (12V). The
data generated will be used as a set point ultrasonic mist
maker.
Fig. 7. DC fan MF
3
Figure 7. is a DC fan membership function with three
variables, namely SLOW (5V), MEDIUM (9V) and FAST
(12V). The data generated will be used as a set point DC fan
(exhaust fan).
TABLEI. FLC RULE BASE
Furthermore, to know about the logic truth of programming
performance on Arduino is tested by comparing the output
voltage value of dc fan (exhaust fan) & dc fan (mist maker) on
the serial monitor arduino with dc fan rated output voltage
(exhaust fan) & dc fan (mist maker) in Matlab. Then the error
obtained will be used as a reference for the performance of
fuzzy logic. If the results of testing the application of fuzzy
logic has a small error can be said that Fuzzy has a good
performance, and vice versa if it has a large error, the
performance of fuzzy logic is bad. It can also be proven
through manual calculation by taking one of the main sample
data readout results from DHT11 sensor readings. Here are the
steps of proving the suitability of the application of fuzzy
methods using manual calculation:
1. Determine the point of intersection of Triangle Fuzzy
2. Determine the minimum value. After finding the
intersection point of the triangle fuzzy, the next step is to
compare between temperature’s MF and humidity’s MF,
then determined the minimum value of each MF
comparison.
3. The calculation of the output value by using weight average
method :
 z' =
μ z i i
(1)
TABLEII. NN TRAINING DATA

μ i

E. The Application of Neural Network

Application of Neural Network (NN) has been used

many times to solve any classification or control problems
[4,5,6,7]. The NN temperature and humidity control tools on
oyster mushrooms house have the same input and output
devices like FLC method. Implementation steps Neural
Network method is as follows:

1. Determine the NN method. This paper used Feed Forward

Back Propagation Neural Network as NN method.
2. Determine the maximum error output prediction versus
target.
3. Training process that produces a form Neuron
Architecture.
4. Mean Squared Error analysis (the performance of MSE is
greater than maximum error that has been set before).
5. Take the weight values that are used to implement the
program of microcontroller.

the training process is started by using matlab software to get

the best model based on the training data, figure 9. shows the
mse result is stopped at 24th iteration. It means that the best
training performance is reached at 2,3291 x 10-10 more better
than the maximum error (1 x 10-8) that have been set before.

Fig. 8. Neuron Architecture

Figure 8. is Neuron Arcitecture with 2 inputs derived

from sensor data readings using DHT11,. There are 2 Hidden
layer, each layer have 7 neurons and 2 neurons as output
layer.
Total of primary data used to training section are 25
datas, these data passed the normalization process before it
continue to the training process. Here are the calculation of
normalization method [10]: Fig. 9. Mean Squared Error

The next process can be done by taking each weight in each

v − min layer to implement the calculation of NN on microcontroller.
v' = (new max − new min ) + new min (2)
max− min

4
 III. TESTING AND DATA ANALYSIS
Based on the system design that has been explained in
the previous chapter. Here is the hardware design of Oyster
Mushroom house and instrumentation system :

Fig. 12. Panel Box

A. Comparison Methods of Fuzzy Logic and Neural Network

Fig. 10. The Placement of Electronic Components
Fig. 10. shows emergency stop button and running indicator
right on the front cover of panel box. Green light indicates the
system is running, red light means the system is off. Mist
maker consists of dc fan with modification box and the cold
water inside, if the dc fan is moving then the mist will flow
over the PVC pipelines. LCD is displayed the DHT 11 sensor
value ( temperature and humidity) in real time.
Method
Comparison steps to know the effective application
between Fuzzy Logic and Neural Network in oyster
mushroom cultivation problem is done five times with
different temperature and humidity condition, the response
time is performed from begining condition till required
condition 28 ° C and 70% of ideal temperature and humidity.

Fig. 11. Exhaust Fan Position

Exhaust fan is located on the front side of oyster mushroom
farm house near the door. It have primary function to stabilize
the temperature and humidity inside the farm house by moving
the hot air inside to the outside. This actutor will stop or keep
the latest speed constant which the value of the speed is given
from the microcontroller in order to reach the setpoint
temperature or humidity.
Fig. 12. shows the instrumentation inside the panel box,
there are only three components; first 12 VDC power supply
for exhaust fan and mist maker, second is 5 VDC power suppy
for microcontroller and ARDUINO MEGA 256 as the brain of
the system.
Fig. 13. Temperature Conditioning Performance Comparison Chart
In Figure 13. explain about comparative response time versus
begining condition of temperature between Fuzzy Logic and
Neural Network. Feed forward Neural Network clearly more
superior than FLC at 38oC beginning condition and 36oC in
term for conditioning the environment temperature
Based on Figure 14. of the comparative performance
chart of response time versus begining humidity, can be seen
that NN more stable in every condition although FLC win the
battle in 3rd and 5th condition. But as a whole, the average
respone time needs, to reach the set point is dominated by NN
at 113.4s in term of humidity and also 69.8s to reach the ideal
temperature.

5
 [5] Mat Syai’in and Adi Soeprijanto, “Neural Network Optimal Power
Flow (NN-OPF) based on IPSO with Developed Load Cluster Method”.
WASET 2010.
[6] Mat Syai’in, Adi Soeprijanto and Eko Mulyanto Yuniarno, “New
algorithm for neural network optimal power flow (NN-OPF) including
generator capability curve constraint and statistic-fuzzy load clustering”
International Journal of Computer Applications 2011. 36(7): p. 1-8.
[7] G. Zhang, B.E. Pattuwo, and M.Y. Hu, “Forecasting with artificial
neural networks: the state of art” International Journal of Forecasting,
vol.14, pp. 35-62, 1998.
[8] Z.L. Sun, T.M. Choi, K.F. Au, and Y.Yu, “Sales forecasting using
extreme learning machine with application in fashion retailing”
Decision Support System, vol. 46, pp. 411-419, 2008.
[9] Chunxia Wang, Chenglin Wen and Yang Lu, “A fault diagnosis method
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Fig. 14. Humidity Conditioning Performance Comparison Chart theory and engineering. III(1)

IV. CONCLUSION
TABLEIII. PERFORMANCE COMPARISON TOOL

In this paper has been inducted a Comparison of

Implementation Methods between zero order sugeno Fuzzy
Logic Controller and Feed Forward Neural Network in
operation to control the temperature and humidity of Oyster
Mushroom Cultivation problem in Lowlands Based on
Microcontroller. It can be seen from the results of the testing
tool that compares the response time of the application of
Fuzzy Logic and Neural Network application method with
reference to the value of the initial temperature and humidity.
The result performs that NN is more optimal and effective
with The average response time for conditioning the ideal
temperature and ideal humidity, 69.8 seconds and 113.4
seconds.

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