JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations ISSN NO: 1076-5131

PARKFI: An Innovative Smart Secure And

Systematic Parking System Using Unique
Identification Implemented Through IOT
Himaja.K#1, Mounika.P#2, Rebecca.N#3, Yugandhari.B#4.
Information Technology Department#1-4,Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology#1-4.
1iamhimaja@gmail.com
2mounikapolasani@gmail.com
3nrebeccaaishwarya@gmail.com
4byugandhari1@gmail.com

Abstract— In the era of modernization, smart city is the buzz which is easily achievable through Internet of Things. Smart solutions
for dwelling problems are being proposed by the upcoming engineers. The life style of citizens has changed drastically over past few
years. Miles of distances have become minutes apart. Many efficient vehicles are being manufactured daily, to bring the cities close to
each other. Providing security to such efficient vehicles is the need of the hour. Protection not only in presence of the chauffeur but
also in his absence as well. In this paper we present an IoT based secured parking solution-‘ParkFi -The SSS Parking’. The proposed
solution has a security feature in which only one slot can be accessed with one single access card which is an RFID tag. The
construction of the solution is been done in such a way that it provides 360 degrees security to the parked vehicle. This paper also
discusses the flaws in existing smart parking systems and how they can be solved with the proposed solution. The possible
enhancements are also proposed to extend the proposed prototype. The proposed solution is easily adaptable, with minimal
modifications, to both open area and closed area parking as well.

Keywords— Internet of Things, NodeMcu, RFID, RFID unique code for slot, Secured Parking

I. INTRODUCTION
IoT- Internet of Things is a network of physical devices which are a part of our day to day activities that communicate with
electronic devices like sensors, electronic gadgets thereby making automation convenient. It brings automation handy with the
use of sensors and integration of internet. Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and
software. Arduino board is used to read inputs and produce an output. Arduino boards can be programmed by Arduino Software
(IDE). Arduino software is chosen for it’s easy to use yet flexible enough for future advancements without complexity. It can
run on multiple operating systems like Mac, Windows, and Linux etc without changing its environment. NodeMcu is a Wi-Fi
module which runs on ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC which is manufactured by Espressif Systems. The advantage of using NodeMcu
over ESP8266 is its multiple GPIO pins. NodeMcu can be used as efficiently as Arduino UNO by installing a few drivers in the
Arduino IDE.

II. RELATED WORK

Internet of Things has been a booming technology since many years especially from early 2016’s when smart cities started
developing. As a part of our work we referred to [1] which explains an IoT based cloud integrated smart parking system. The
proposed Smart Parking System consists of an on-site deployment of an IoT module that is used to monitor and signalise the
state of availability of each single parking space. A mobile application is also provided that allows an end user to check the
availability of parking space and book a parking slot accordingly. However, the focus of the prototype was laid on the cloud
integration but not on the guaranteed allotment of the slot to the paid user, in real time cases where there exists huge number of
slots in one parking lot, making it tough to monitor each slot individually. There is always a chance of gate crashing in such
situations, whereas our prototype focuses on security and dedicated access to the chauffeur after he enters the slot and purchases
his parking space. This dedicated access is granted by issuing RFID tags to the chauffeurs with which only an assigned slot can
be accessed. In [2], the authors discussed the security issues related to deployment of IoT. We used it as a reference to build the
security feature in our prototype. In [3],the authors gave a vigilant idea about implementation of IoT for urban development
which triggered our thought of implementing IoT to make a Smart Parking System. The authors in [5], were very keen and
observant in their motto of giving the readers a complete and vivid understanding of Internet of Things. We used this as a
reference to understand IoT in a better and efficient way. The author in [6] proposed an efficient car parking solution which

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JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations ISSN NO: 1076-5131

enables the user to find the nearest parking area and gives availability of parking slots in that respective parking area. And it
mainly focuses on reducing the time in finding the parking lots and it avoids unnecessary travelling through filled parking lots
in a parking area. However, least interest was shown on the fact that IR sensor has the capability of identifying any opaque
object(not only a vehicle) as an obstacle.In such cases there is a high chance of false information to be delivered. Our prototype
also uses IR sensor, connected to an LED , which is positioned in a such a way that the IR sensor has the possibility to detect
only vehicles thereby avoiding confusion.

III. PARKFI -THE SSS PARKING

A. Components used
1) Arduino Uno: It is a microcontroller that can be easily programmed using an open source Arduino IDE software with
embedded C programming language. The proposed solution uses one Arduino UNO.
2) NodeMCU: It is a Wi-Fi module which can efficiently work as a microcontroller that can be programmed by an open
source Arduino IDE software with embedded C programming language by adding some libraries and drivers to the
software. The advantage of NodeMcu over Arduino UNO is, NodeMcu can not only be used as a microcontroller but
as Wi-Fi Module also. The proposed solution uses one NodeMcu. The prototype uses 2 different microcontrollers one
which is a basic Arduino UNO(at slot) and the other a Wi-Fi module i.e. NodeMcu(at entrance), considering the case
where the entrance and slots are not as near as they are in the prototype.
3) Servo motors: A servomotor is a rotary actuator or linear actuator that facilitates precise control of angular or linear
position, velocity and acceleration. It is an assembly of four things- a DC motor, gears, position sensing device and
control circuit. The proposed solution uses a servo motorat the entrance, at exit and one at each slot.
4) IR sensors: An infrared sensor is an electronic instrument that is used to sense certain characteristics of its
surroundings. It does this by either emitting or detecting infrared radiation. The proposed solution uses one IR sensorat
each slot.
5) EM18 Reader Module: EM18 RFID Reader is a module which reads the ID information stored in RFID TAGS. This
ID information is unique for every TAG which cannot be copied. The proposed solution uses one EM18/RFID reader
at the entrance and one at each slot.
6) RFID tags: It is a read/write device, and a host system application for data collection, processing, and transmission. An
RFID tag (sometimes called an RFID transponder ) consists of a chip , some memory and an antenna. The proposed
solution uses one RFID tag per slot.
7) LED: A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is a p–n junction diode that emits light
when activated. It uses the principle of electroluminescence. The proposed solution uses one LED per slot.
8) Jumper Wires: Jumper wires are simple wires that have connector pins at each end, used to connect two
points/components to each other without soldering. Jumper wires are typically of 3 types: male to male, female to
female and male to female. The jumper wires in the proposed solutionwere used as per the requirement.

B. Working: The chauffeur in vehicle, which is to be parked in ParkFi, must pay a standard amount for the space that he will be
occupying and must take an RFID tag. The person at toll booth will guide the chauffeur to his allotted slot based on the
number that is displayed on the tag. The chauffeur will have to scan the RFID tag at the entrance for the toll gate to raise.
Once the toll gate raises, he will be able to enter the parking lot and once he reaches his allotted slot, he will have to scan the
RFID tag again on the EM18 on the right side of the slot. If the unique ID of the tag matches the slot ID only then the toll
gate at the slot will raise or else the chauffeur will have to search for the slot assigned to him.

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JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations ISSN NO: 1076-5131

Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the components at the entrance and exit. Figure 2: Schematic diagram of the components at the slot.

When the vehicle is in the slot, LED in front of the slot will put OFF. The LED will be ON only if the slot is empty, the LED is
positioned in such a way that the light from LED falls on the board in front of the slot, luminating the board. After parking the
vehicle, the chauffeur will leave from a small gate provided at the rear end of the slot. There is a shed covering two third of the
slot, providing security to the parked vehicles from being lifted by cranes in open parking lots. When the chauffeur wishes to
leave the parking lot with his vehicle. He must enter the slot from the gate at the rear end and scan the RFID tag at the slot
entrance, only if the slot ID matches the unique ID on tag the toll gate will raise and will allow the vehicle to leave the slot.
Once the slot is empty the LED will glow again. At the exit, the chauffeur has to scan the RFID tag, return the card and leave
the parking lot (ParkFi).

Figure 2:A view of the prototype from the Entrance Figure 3:A view of the prototype from the front top right corner of entrance

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JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations ISSN NO: 1076-5131

Figure 4:A view of the prototype from the top. Figure 5:A view of the prototype from the rear top right corner of the entrance

C. The Figure 6 shows the work flow of the proposed solution, right from the chauffeur entering the lot with his vehicle and
leaving the lot with his vehicle.

IV.FURTHER ENHANCEMENTS

A. An LCD screen can be installed at the rear end of the parking lot that will display route from the entrance to the slot allotted
to the chauffeur.
B. At the entrance, titanium blades can be attached to the toll gate, which when given a command to rise will fold in fan
manner upwards and rise with the toll gate, protecting the parking lot from being trespassed by animals.
C. At the entrance, unique ID of RFID can be uploaded into google sheets after the tag is scanned, so that an analysis can be
done based on that data.
D. At the entrance or at the slot artificial intelligence like face recognition can be used to provide a better security to the
vehicles.
E. At the entrance we can install a camera which will capture and upload the vehicle number and its unique RFID into cloud
storage.
F. At the slot, there will be a button in it which when pressed turns the slot in reverse manner, which will make it convenient
for the chauffeur to bring the vehicle out of the slot.
G. At the slot, biomatrix with database can be used to open the gate provided at the rare end of the slot to avoid trespassing of
strangers.
H. At the slot, a shield that is made of titanium blades that are controlled by 2 push buttons which unfolds to cover the vehicle,
by clicking 1 button and which folds to uncover the vehicle by clicking on the 2 nd button. This can be a replacement for the
shed in the prototype.

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JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations ISSN NO: 1076-5131

Figure 6:The workflow of proposed solution.

V.CONCLUSIONS

Smart Cities need not only be smart systems but must be secure systems as well. The more secure the systems are, the more
reliability will be earned by the government which is encouraging smart cities. ParkFi is a SSS- Smart Secure and Systematic
parking system. It is Smart because it is IOT driven. ParkFi is Secure because the entrance of both the parking lot and the
parking slot are secured by RFID ,the slot is covered with a shed and the rear end is not left open but covered and provided with
a gate making the slot secure and convenient for the chauffeur to leave or enter the slot. ParkFi is Systematic because of the
programming that has been embedded to the components, one RFID tag can control only one slot, which will make the parking
system, systematic and thereby avoiding unnecessary discussions among chauffeur .It can be applied in different areas where
systematic parking is needed like offices, airports etc. ParkFi provides a secure open area parking, it can also be applied in
closed area also by ,making necessary changes. The paper focuses on providing a secured parking system which is IoT driven,
addressing the problems in the existing smart systems and solving them with the proposed system.

VI.REFERENCES
[1] Abhirup Khanna, IoT based Smart Parking System, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Submitted in January,2016.
[2] AshviniBalte, AsmitaKashid, Balaji Patil, Security Issues in Internet of Things (IoT): A Survey, Computer Engineering &MIT Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Published in 2015.
[3] A. Zanella, N. Bui, A. P. Castellani, L. Vangelista, and M. Zorzi, Internet of Things for smart cities, IEEE Internet Things J., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 22–32.
Submitted in February 2014.
[4] Rishi Anand, IoT based Smart Parking System, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Submitted in January,2016.
[5] SomayyaMadakam, R. Ramaswamy, Siddharth Tripathi, Internet of Things (IoT): A Literature Review, IT Applications Group, National Institute of
Industrial Engineering (NITIE), Vihar Lake, Mumbai, India. Submitted in April 2015.
[6] Dr.YRaghavender Rao, Automatic Smart Parking System using Internet of Things(IoT), Associate Professor in ECE Department, JNTUHCEJ Jagtial,
Telangana, India.Submitted in May 2017.

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