The Fourth Industrial Revolution is the current and developing environment in which disruptive technologies and

trends such as the Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, virtual reality (VR) and artificial intelligence (AI) are changing
the way we live and work. Past modern unrest freed mankind from creature control, made large scale
manufacturing conceivable and carried advanced abilities to billions of individuals. This Fourth Modern Upheaval
is, be that as it may, in a general sense unique. It is described by a scope of new advances that are melding the
physical, computerized and natural universes, affecting all controls, economies and businesses, and
notwithstanding testing thoughts regarding being human. The subsequent movements and interruptions imply
that we live in a period of incredible guarantee and extraordinary risk. The world can possibly interface billions
additional individuals to advanced systems, significantly improve the effectiveness of associations and even
oversee resources in manners that can help recover the indigenous habitat, conceivably fixing the harm of past
mechanical upsets. The pace at which the advancements are developing, nonetheless, has effectively made the
current administrative models out of date even with advancement. In spite of this situation, numerous
legislatures, including that of the Philippines, are as yet utilizing these models in making their administration
approaches concerning FIRe. The issue coming about because of this is the conceivable stoppage, if not the
slaughtering, of advancement.

A government-owned and controlled corporation of the Philippine National Government called Philippine
Institute for Development Studies (PIDS) has been identified the gap between advancement of technologies and
regulation. The organization itself held the Fourth Annual Public Policy Conference in September 2018 with the
theme, “Harnessing the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Creating Our Future Today”. The event was successfully
launched and presented and the experts in this field advised the Philippine government to espouse an innovation
principle, not a precautionary principle. This concept or idea shifts the weight to the administration and controllers
to demonstrate that another innovation or new plan of action will make potential mischief society or buyer. The
selection of the advancement guideline apparently promotes the development and rise of FIRe innovations.

The first chapter is about the Recent Developments and Macroeconomics outlook for 2018-2019. In introduction
of the topic it discussed about; Economic growth in the Philippines continued its robust pace with gross domestic
product. Increasing by 6.7 percent in 2017, slightly lower than 6.9 in 2016. This year, the government are able
to enact the first segment of the Tax reform Law (TRAIN 1 on Tax Reform for acceleration and inclusion) in
December. The increase in excise Tax, on Fuel has stoked inflationary pressure. The weakness of peso and
rising food costs has added to the structural issues such as Global Environment. As the latter issue or concept:

 The Philippines have benefited from the favorable Global Industrial Economic Environment. Investment
picked up because of the tax and job Act of 2017. Core Inflation has been surpassed by the headline
inflation.
 The biggest contributor was net exports as the dollar-euro exchange rate hovered between 1.1 and 1.2
in 2017, well below the peak of 1.6 in 2008.
 Unemployment fell to 8.7 percent in December, its lowest rate since January 2009. Euro area full-year
inflation stood at 1.5 percent in 2017, significantly above 0.2 percent in 2016 but short of the European
Central Bank target of 2.0 percent.
 Monetary policy continued to be accommodative, and combined with strong global demand, GDP grew
by 1.7 percent compared with 0.9 percent in 2016.
 China and India contributed to 50 percent of global economic growth in 2017.
 Two Disruptive Policies by Prime Minister Narendra Modi (a) abruptly banned its two largest currency
notes in November 2016 (b) A landmark overhaul of the tax system in July 2017

Another is the Regional Trends is about the aggregation of GDP in Southeast Asia that rose slightly to 5.2
percent in 2017 from 4.7 percent in 2016, and Brunei Darussalam has the highest growth. And the CLM
countries—Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar— grew between 6.8 percent and 7.0 percent in 2017 on the back
of new investment opportunities, steady gains in poverty reduction, and spillovers from the tourism surge in the
region. Lastly Malaysia and Singapore followed Brunei Darussalam in terms of growth acceleration. About
Economic Performance in 2017 the services continued to be the main driver of economic growth in the
Philippines, contributing the largest share of GDP (57.5%) and posting a relatively high growth rate (6.8%). But
it has slowed down in 2017. The Real estate, renting, and business activities, which comprised 11.5 percent of
output, and decelerated from 8.5 percent in the previous year to 7.5 percent, which makes it vulnerable to price
revaluation. The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) is closely monitoring the market and is actively trying to limit
the exposure of financial institutions to the real estate market. However, shadow banking through subsidiaries
makes it more difficult. The manufacturing sector had the highest growth rate at 8.4 against 7.1 The brightest
spot in 2017 was the agriculture sector, which grew by 4.0 percent, the highest rate in a decade, which can be
attributed to the recovery from El Nino and the Free Irrigation Act. The Expenditures are following: The
investment-GDP ratio continued its upward trajectory that began in 2012 with an upward inflection in 2015; A
high investment-to-GDP ratio is an important ingredient for sustaining rapid economic growth for a relatively long
period; Investment growth fell to only 9.5 percent in 2017 after increasing by a hefty 26.1 percent in 2016; Growth
in personal consumption expenditure moderated to 5.9 percent from 7.1 percent in 2016 due to the base effect
of the election, this is driven by overseas remittances. Also, there is also topic about trade and balance of
payments that includes the following; Both exports and imports measured in constant pesos have been rising
fast since 2014.Higher international fuel prices added to the import bill; In terms of USD, merchandise exports
increased by 12.8 percent compared with 14.2 percent for merchandise imports. The result was a trade deficit
of USD 41.2 billion, equal to 13.1 percent of GDP, widening from 11.7 percent in 2016. This has contributed to
the recent depreciation of the peso vis-à- vis the US dollar; The trade deficit was partially offset by remittances
from overseas Filipinos, revenue from the information technology– business process outsourcing industry, and
tourism receipts.; Foreign direct investment inflows reached USD 10.0 billion in 2017, a 21.4-percent increase
over 2016. And the last concept for recent development is about inflation and unemployment that appends the
result of stronger domestic demand, higher fuel prices, and the depreciation of the peso led to an inflation rate
of 3.2 percent in 2017 from 1.8 percent in the previous year. Also, Core inflation also rose from 1.9 percent to
2.9 percent during the same period owing mainly to faster increases in the cost of food. And during the period of
2012-2017 the economic growth is averaged 6.6 percent compared with 4.9 percent in the preceding decade,
2002-201;

The second part of the first chapter tackles about Macroeconomics and its Policy. The data presented here are
the results from different government agencies and organization like BSP and PSA and presented with graphs
and tables. First is about Monetary Policy, it include the topics about the high GDP growth have raised concerns
that the economy is overheating; Bank credit growth declined in the fourth quarter, but the rate was still more
than two times the expansion of GDP; Loans were channeled to productive sectors such as manufacturing but
other sectors like household consumption, particularly motor vehicle purchases, and real estate received
significant amounts; Nomura Research Institute, in its Asian Economic Outlook, identifies being underleveraged
as one of the strengths of the Philippine economy; The main consideration of monetary policy is the transmission
between BSP’s instruments and the target, which is usually the level of interest rate, money supply, or amount
of credit, and between the target and the objective, which is usually inflation. For Fiscal Policy there is a result,
from an average of 1.0 percent of GDP in 2013–2015, the budget deficit rose to 2.4 percent in 2016 and 2.2
percent in 2017 as expenditures, particularly capital outlays, grew faster than revenues. Also, Fiscal revenue
collection gained pace in 2017 resulting in a revenue-to-GDP ratio of 15.7 percent, which exceeded the
government target and is higher than the 15.2 percent in the previous year. Tax collection, providing 91 percent
of revenue, rose by 13.6 percent to equal 14.2 percent of GDP, improving from 13.7 percent in 2016. And the
Budget Reform Bill is also expected to be enacted into law in the latter part of 2018. Exchange rates result are
the peso depreciation is driven by foreign exchange outflows. While there has been an increase in foreign
investment abroad, e.g., Jollibee franchises in Singapore and Viet Nam. And the Philippine government has
been prepaying international debt to take advantage of the current low level of interest rates. Global risks on
December 2015, it has raised policy rates seven times, bringing the rate up to between 1.75 and 2.0 percent
from the near-zero level since the breakout of the global financial crisis. In September 2017, the Fed announced
that it will start with its process of balance sheet normalization. While Domestic Risks depict the following:
Monetary policy has already been tightening as evidenced by the behavior of interest rates; The higher US
interest rates could spill over into emerging Asia by further raising interest rates in the region, thereby posing a
challenge to financial stability.; The countries like the Philippines would face higher financing costs of investment
and higher effective discount rates, which would lower asset valuation and weaken the corporate balance sheets
of firms in the country. And the prospect of higher inflation will dampen consumer spending and the monetary
policy will tighten and put a crimp on investment expenditure.

The second chapter are about Policy Update that includes the different program of the government. These are
Poverty Reduction, Social Protection for the elderly, Women, Housing, Health and last but one of the most
important is Education. Under the Poverty Reduction there are following programs:

 anti-poverty programs to be pushed through

 continuing programs like 4P’s (9th yr of implemantation)(served about 4 million active households in more
or less 40,000 barangays in 144 cities and 1483 municipalities in 80provinces, DSWD 2017)and
subsidized crop insurance
 social mitigation programs of train act
 free irrigation to small farmers
 rice tarrification
 Recent Antipoverty initiatives were driven by rising fuel prices
 TRAIN LAw itself is a program intended to address poverty and income inequality because workers with
annual taxable income of 250k are exempted from paying income tax

86 percent were covered by this implementation and benefit. This Train is expected to have a slightly
inflationary effect. The Government planned to mitigate the risk by giving php 200 monthly and will increase
for the succeeding years to those who are considered poorest so they can adjust for the inflation that will rise
from the TRAIN. Jeepney modernization program also designed to extend loans to jeepney drivers and
operators and the funds for this program will come from the 30 percent revenue on TRAIN. Furthermore, all
the remaining revenues will be allocated in the build build build program of the country. Tariffs on rice imports
over QR (quantitative restrictions.

On Social Protection for the Elderly, its Policies approved under this branch were all after the RA 9994
Expanded senior citizen act of 2010. The SOCPEN, (social pension) is a cash transfer program for indigent
elderly that seeks to improve the living conditions. The government expanded the coverage of the budget on
2017. LISTAHANAN is a basis for beneficiary identification up to 2013.And according to the SOCPEN
REPORTS, beneficiaries spend their ash assistance on food, health or repayment of debts. The monthly
stipend is expected to increase in 2019 and 2020. Over time, the SOCPEN program may turn out being less
impactful in reducing poverty rates. DSWD is the sole agency who manages this program.

Under the programs for Women, there is an equal role as men in steering the country toward sustainable
growth not only because they compromise 50 percent of the country’s population but also because they
significantly contribute in achieving development outcomes. And according to Philippine Development Plan
2017-2020, outlines the socio-economic agenda toward AmBisyon Natin 2040. There is Magna Carta for
Women (MCW) mandates nondiscriminatory and progender equality and equity measures. And results from
PSA (2016) the Millennium Development Goals MDG target ratios of girls to boys in primary, secondary and
tertiary education have been achieved.

Under Housing Programs, BALAI FILIPINO (Building Adequate Livable and Affordable and Inclusive Filipino
Communities) program, a 10-year national housing strategy that targets the entire Filipino community
nationwide unlike the OPLAN LIKAS of the past administration that only focuses informal settlers in Manila
 and the ones who are in danger areas. First, the HDMF is partnering with employers through the countryside
Housing initiative to sell housing units at process below the market price to “underserved and unserved
areas” which pertains to areas usually outside metropolitan areas. Second, the securitization and guaranty
programs of the national home mortgage finance corporation and the home Guaranty corporation are being
scaled up to encourage developers to produce more by boosting their confidence in the housing market.
Third, community partnership under SHFC community mortgage finance is strengthened through SHFC’s
active facilitation on the loan documentation required by community associations. Fourth, stricter compliance
of private developers to the balanced housing. Fifth, housing processes were streamlined as follows:

>a special lane at the Land Registration Authority was set up for the processing of the certificate of tax
exemption for the transfer of land intended for social housing.

>HDMF shortened the processing time for housing loan application.

Sixth, HDMF lowered interest rate for housing loans of minimum waged earners from 4.5 to 3 percent (lowest
in the market.)

Over the years the governance of the housing sector has been highly politicized.

On Health Programs, the Philippines has made great strides in improving health outcomes in thepast half
century. Over the years the department of health has doubled the budget with that programs were
implemented and still ongoing Health Facilities Enhancement program, the Medical Assistance Programs by
the Human resource for health deployment program.

The SIN tax law paved way for the increase in public sector’s involvement in raising and in financing the
country’s total health expenditure but still it cannot be overemphasized that more than half of health-care
spending remains to be paid out of pocket by households, exposing families to potentially great risks of falling
into poverty. Recent Health reform, Philippine Health Agenda 2016-2022 PHA: sets direction of government
interventions related to health and provides specific and general guidelines to achieve its goals. Rare Disease
Act of the Philippines and the Comprehensive Tuberculosis Elimination Plan Act: giving equal attention
between persons with rare diseases with persons with disability under Magna Carta for Disabled Persons
RA 7277, in addition rare disease registry that shall include information on the covered diseases, list of
persons with such diagnosis, medicines and other products that are used to treat this rare disease. Next is
the Mental Health Act (RA 11036), the universal health act House bill 5784 and SB 1896 and also imposed
about eHealth system because of ICT development.

And the last is Education updates about promising to achieve greater access to tertiary education for all
socioeconomic classes through untargeted free tuition in public tertiary education institutions is awaiting
signature of the president. In March 2017, the Senate passed SB 1304. This was followed by the HOR
passing its own version, HB 5633, in May 2017. In the same month, both houses of Congress approved the
bicameral conference committee report consolidating the Senate and HOR versions. This legislation has five
objectives, namely, “(a) provide adequate funding and such other mechanisms to

increase the participation rate among all socioeconomic classes in tertiary education; (b) provide equal
opportunity to quality tertiary education in both private and public educational institutions; (c) give priority to
students who are academically able and who come from poor families; (d) ensure optimized utilization of
government resources in education; (e) provide guidance and incentives in career choices; and (f) recognize
the complementary roles of public and private institutions in tertiary education”.

The other part of the second chapter are areas about Agriculture, Environment and Natural Resources,
Energy, Industry, Trade in Services and Philippine Fiscal Policy.

The Last part or the third chapter is about the Emerging Technological Landscape or simply are those technical
innovations which represent progressive developments within a field for competitive advantage;
converging technologies represent previously distinct fields which are in some way moving towards stronger
inter-connection and similar goals. These are Internet of Things (IoT) enables objects to be monitored and
controlled remotely using established communication networks, opening the potential of merging between the
physical systems and the computerized and digital systems, and increasing efficiency, accuracy, and productivity
while reducing human interactions. Although the Philippines is not well known for its IoT, Department of
Information and Communications Technology (DICT) has laid out its Philippines Roadmap for Digital Startup to
provide opportunities with the innovation. Artificial Intelligence revolutionizes the way humans experience
things and has potential in future economic growth with its continuous improvements and wide range of use.
Philippines is currently at the average level of adoption of AI in telecommunications, manufacturing, financial
services, consumer package goods, and transportation and logistics, as well as easing up the heavy traffic.
Blockchain in the Philippines is purely used in cryptocurrency trading and exchange. Most of blockchain users
in the country see the technology for earning profits through exchanging pesos to bitcoins and converting back
to the local currency when the value of bitcoin increases. Number of robotics applications in businesses
increased considerably in recent years primarily to enhance productivity. Although Philippines is left behind with
this innovation, it still increases the proficiency of the laborers in their field. Energy storage is the technology that
stores generated energy for later use. Philippines adapt the idea to solve the problem regarding the source of
electricity in provinces. And in this chapter, hereto discussed impacts and implications of FIRe. Conceptually,
three impacts can be thought of regarding human-machine relation: (1) it substitutes for labor, (2) it complements
labor, or (3) it creates new jobs. It therefore can have mixed net effects on the labor market depending on which
effect is dominant. Given that production systems are evolving with technologies, a key characteristic of
education and human capital development in the future is continuous learning. The system should produce
students who embrace lifelong learning, continuous training, and retraining. Digitalization not only changed how
we trade but also what we trade. New technologies are developing at an exponential pace and it is expected that
by 2030, many new technologies will emerge, while current nascent or immature technologies will reach the
commercialization stage that could help achieve our economic goals. For a developing country such as the
Philippines, the diffusion of technology depends both on access to foreign technology and on the ability to absorb
technology. Although innovations are largely implemented by entrepreneurs who exploit available knowledge
and technology to introduce new products or adopt new processes, success at the firm level requires government
support. The ICT sector has become an integral part of business processes of various industries through the
application of new technologies. In fact, government continuously supports the growth businesses that is ICT
intensive that is big part of the country's growth. And its sector like DOST find ways to make internet widely
available for people for those who want free information and to tickle curious minds to contribute into
technological advancement. And in the advancement of technologies there is an improvement in Policies in
Industrial, Education and Job- Related Activities. Due the fast-changing adoption and emerging progress this
study leaves a recommendation that it is safer to focus on learning how to walk straight first before running and
jumping. In other words, the country needs to focus on establishing a solid basic foundation for sustained learning
and on accumulating various types of capital. And government as a whole should systematically review and
adapt its policies, institutions, and development efforts in light of upcoming revolutionary changes. And lastly the
country’s future success or failure would depend on whether the government is ready and able to keep the nation
socially and politically cohesive. And importantly, the government needs to develop, test, and progressively scale
up an affordable, fair, and efficient universal income/unemployment risk-sharing system suitable to the changing
nature of employment.
MENESES, NICO A.
BSA 2-7
Fourth Industrial Revolution
(Reaction Paper)
For me, Fourth Industrial Revolution is changing how we live, work, and convey. It's reshaping government,

instruction, medicinal services, and business—pretty much every part of life. But this have two sides, it can

give us positive and negative result. First, it can be change for the better or deal us with positive results

because new technologies can be powerful agents for good. Like it can give us access to data can improve

the lives of billions of individuals. Through progressively incredible registering gadgets and systems,

advanced administrations, and cell phones, this can turn into a reality for individuals around the globe,

incorporating those in immature nations. The web-based life upset typified by Facebook, Twitter, and Tencent

has given everybody a voice and an approach to convey in a split second over the planet. Today, over 30%

of the individuals on the planet utilize web-based life administrations to impart and remain over world

occasions. These advancements can make a genuine worldwide town, carrying billions additional individuals

into the worldwide economy. They can carry access to items and administrations to totally new showcases.

They can give individuals chances to learn and win in new ways, and they can give individuals new ways of

life as they see potential for themselves that wasn't beforehand accessible. In the physical domain,

progresses in biomedical sciences can prompt more beneficial lives and longer life expectancies. They can

prompt developments in neuroscience, such as associating the human mind to PCs to improve knowledge

or experience a recreated world. Envision all that robot control with human critical thinking aptitudes.

Advances in car security through Fourth Industrial Revolution advances can decrease street fatalities and

protection expenses, and carbon emanations. Self-governing vehicles can reshape the living spaces of urban

communities, engineering, and streets themselves, and free up space for progressively social and human-

focused spaces. Advanced innovation can free laborers from automatable assignments, liberating them to

focus on tending to progressively complex business issues and giving them more self-governance. It can

likewise give laborers fundamentally new instruments and experiences to plan increasingly inventive answers

for already difficult issues. Those are the good features of advancement of FIRe. But there is always a

negative side that affiliate in improvements. We construct what we esteem. This implies we have to recall
our qualities as we're working with these new advancements. For instance, on the off chance that we esteem

cash over family time, we can assemble advancements that help us profit to the detriment of family time.

Thus, these advances can make motivators that make it harder to change that basic worth. Individuals have

a profound association with advancements. They are the means by which we make our reality, and we need

to create them with consideration. Like never before, it's significant that we start right. Examples are

Biotechnology can prompt disputable advances, for example, architect babies, quality drives (changing the

acquired attributes of a whole species), or inserts required to end up aggressive possibility for schools or

occupations. Developments in mechanical technology and mechanization can prompt lost positions, or

possibly positions that are altogether different and esteem various aptitudes. Man-made brainpower, apply

autonomy, bioengineering, programming apparatuses, and different advancements would all be able to be

utilized to make and convey weapons. Online networking can delete outskirts and unite individuals; however,

it additionally can likewise heighten the social separation. Also, it offers voice to digital tormenting, abhor

discourse, and spreading false stories. We need to choose what sort of web-based life rules we need to

make; however, we additionally need to acknowledge that online networking is reshaping what we worth and

how we make and convey those guidelines. What's more, being constantly associated can transform into an

obligation, with no reprieve from the persistent over-burden of information and associations. It can bring

changes in in Employment, in Equality, in Privacy and in Trust. So, in the advancements in man-made

consciousness, biotechnology, mechanical autonomy, and other developing advances will rethink being

human and how we connect with each other and the planet. Our abilities, our characters, and our potential

will all develop alongside the advances we make. In the coming decades, we should build up guardrails that

keep the advances of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on a track to profit all of humankind. We should

perceive and deal with the potential negative effects they can have, particularly in the territories of uniformity,

work, protection, and trust. We need to deliberately incorporate positive qualities with the advances we make,

consider how they are to be utilized, and plan them in view of moral application and on the side of shared

methods for protecting what's essential to us.

This exertion requires all partners—governments, policymakers, global associations, controllers, business

associations, the scholarly community, and common society—to cooperate to guide the ground-breaking

rising advancements in manners that utmost hazard and make a world that lines up with shared objectives
for what's to come. We, as an individual, resident, representative, financial specialist, and social influencer,

are a basic partner in the Fourth Mechanical Insurgency. Sharing your musings on the innovations and what

you esteem as this upheaval unfurls is fundamental. The world we make through innovations can shape our

lives and is the one we pass on to the people to come. And as I end this paper, I quote Max Tegmark

statement that “We have to win this race between the growing power of the technology, and the growing

wisdom with which we manage it. We don’t want to learn from mistakes.”