RESEARCH PAPER ON DESIGN PERSPECTIVE OF CARPET INDUSTRY, INDIA

Subject – S.P.G and Heritage products and cluster awareness workshop

Submitted by:

Aayushi Verma (MFM/18/823)

Khushbu Kumari (MFM/18/873)

Kritika Rani (MFM/18/1118)

Saurabh (MFM/18/809)

Tulika Raj (MFM/18/985)

Submitted to:

Dr. Vikas Kumar

(Assistant Professor)

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE POST GRADUATE DEGREE "MASTER OF FASHION

MANAGEMENT (MFM)"

Submitted to

Department of Fashion Management Studies (FMS)

National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT)
Mithapur Farm Area,
Mithapur Patna – 800001, Bihar

Phone number – 06122340032

Website – www.nift.ac.in
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In preparation of our assignment, we had to take the help and guidance of some respected persons,
who deserve our deepest gratitude. As the completion of this assignment gave us much pleasure, we
would like to show our gratitude to Assistant Professor Dr. Vikas Kumar, our subject faculty of
National Institute of Fashion Technology, Patna for giving us good guidelines for our assignment
throughout numerous consultations.

We would also like to expand our gratitude to all those who have directly and indirectly guided us in
writing this assignment.

Students Signature:
ABSTRACT
Carpet trade of India includes a nice potential in the economic development of the country. Scores
of folk's area unit depended upon carpet trade for his or her livings. The Indian hand-crafted carpet
comes beneath the manufacture. Indian hand-crafted carpet trade is that the sole sector in rural
India that is 100 percent export adjusted. At present, the carpet sector is tributary US$ 932 million
to the govt. India's heritage of hand-crafted carpet weaving is known for its distinctive styles,
numerous designs, and vivacious colors.

INTRODUCTION
The carpet weaving had been started in the sixteenth century within the Mughal era. At present,
India is the largest producer and bourgeois of carpet within the world in terms of volume and worth.
Roughly eightieth of carpet factory-made in India is exported to alternative countries. India is
standard in the international marketplace for its glorious styles. A number of the merchandise that
is known within the European and yank market are hand-knotted woollen carpets, tufted woollen
carpets, chain sew rugs, pure silk carpets, artificial carpets, and overhand woollen carpets. India
controls the four-hundredth of export worldwide. There's a carpet export promotion council that
helps the business in terms of finding new markets, worldwide events participation, composing
international customer-vendor meet and resolve trade disputes. Presently Rajasthan, Kashmir,
Punjab, state, state, and Himachal Pradesh are the main states during which carpet merchandise is
created. The carpet business features an immense growth potential however there also are some
issues that incorporate lack of innovation and out-dated technology that affects the expansion
sector. In 2001 Ministry of Textiles of India got wind of the Indian Institute of carpet technology in
Bhadohi, state to facilitate innovation and technology facilities. It was established to develop human
resources for the up-gradation of the carpet business in India. It's each national and international
collaboration. (Bano, 2015)

INDIAN CARPET INDUSTRY

Carpet weaving was introduced in the sixteenth century by Mughals in the Asian nation. Throughout
this era, they bought Persian craftsmen from their state and established them in the Asian nations.
They established varied carpet weavings centres at totally different cities that have Agra, metropolis
and city to facilitate the production of Persian titled carpets. Materials like silk and Pashmina were
used that permissible a larger variety of knots to be enclosed within the artworks. Patterns of Indian
carpets resembled miniature paintings. At first, the carpets that were made showed the classical
Persian type of fine knotting. This vogue mixed with Indian art and have become celebrated and
conjointly demand of that merchandise was adjoining the world. Carpet trade in the Asian nation has
been prospering in establishing social business models that help underprivileged sections of society.
Hand plain-woven rugs of Khairabad (Sitapur district) is another class of Indian rugs that is common
in most of the western countries. The essential weaving technique of Sitapur is Flatweave and cotton,

DESIGN PERSPECTIVE OF CARPET INDUSTRY, INDIA 1

jute, fabric, and chenille are the most weaving material. By 2010, carpets were out there at several
worth’s and quality levels in an exceedingly vast vary which has cheap artificial carpets to expensive
hand-knotted wool rugs. Multi-colored carpets are out there in a wide range of styles and patterns.
MAJOR CARPET WEAVING CENTRES
Earlier, there have been solely a few carpet weavings centres. However, slowly carpet weaving
centres augmented and unfold across the Asian country. The most important carpet producing
centres square measure city, Jaipur, Srinagar, Danapur, and Bhadohi. Within the past few years,
Panipat has additionally emerged as another major centre for carpet production.

JAIPUR - The carpet trade in Jaipur was started in the middle of the nineteenth century and at that
point, everyone was knowing carpet creating as a jail craft. These carpets were created by prisoners
at the Mughal time. Bikaner remains noted for its alleged jail carpets. Ajmer and Bikaner square
measure main centres for this craft. Jaipur was one in all the main centres of the Mughal region for
carpet weaving. The rugs that square measure created their square measure impressed by the styles
of Japanese and middle Persia.

BHADOHI – Bhadohi may be a noted carpet-weaving centre. The Bhadohi district is that the biggest
carpet-manufacturing centre in Asian countries and additionally noted for its hand-knotted carpet.
It's additionally called the ‘Carpet City’ of the Asian country. This region additionally produces carpets
of various styles and quality. With time, this trade has modernized itself by introducing the new
technologies and discarding the manual handsewn tools, that accustomed absorb a great deal of your
time and labour. (Bano, 2015)

DESIGN PERSPECTIVE
TYPES OF CARPETS

1. TUFTED CARPETS – Most of the carpets that square measure being made nowadays square
measure tufted carpets. It involves the method of sewing face yarns into a backing material with the
assistance of multi required machines. In these carpets, the fibers square measure secured with an
important latex coating.

2. PLAIN-WOVEN CARPETS - These carpets square measure plain-woven on huge looms and
generally they'll have cut and uncut piles and loops. Numerous vibrant yarns square measure used
for creating a range of patterns and styles on the carpets. These plain-woven carpets square measure
typically terribly pricy.

3. NON-WOVEN CARPETS - Non-woven carpets square measure made up of plastic fibres. The
fibres square measure shaped into an online by needle punching and so it's thermally warranted to
make the carpet. They're more cost-effective however these carpets don't last long. They're most
ordinarily used for brief amount usages like exhibition area sand foot-mats, etc.

DESIGN PERSPECTIVE OF CARPET INDUSTRY, INDIA 2

 4. HAND PLAIN-WOVEN CARPETS - Hand-knotted square measure plain-woven by a distinct
quite a loom and show a meticulous affair of the yarn and warp. They're referred to as kilim, soumak,
jajim, palas, etc. Hand-made carpets square measure costlier than machine created carpets. The
processes that square measure employed in creating these carpets square measure braid and hand-
knotting. Decorated carpets square measure created by connecting or fastening strips of materials
along. Hand fastening or hand-knotting square measure typically done on rugs. Spain, Portugal, India,
Pakistan, Turkey, Afghanistan, and Japan square measure the countries that square measure
renowned to provide superbly crafted hand-knotted rugs. (Nasir, 2014)

PATTERNS
Patterns are an important part of the hand-made knotted carpet. Different patterns like flowers,
trees, zigzag are used as a design. Each of these designs has a unique meaning.
For example, the circle, zigzag and tree signified eternity, light and happiness. Later, Persian style was
merged with Indian design to give new look to the Indo-Islamic carpets.
Some of the patterns which are used in carpets are given below along with their meaning -
• CYPRESS TREE: Survival in the afterlife.
• TREE OF LIFE: Eternal Life.
• CAMELS: Wealth and happiness.
• PEACOCK: The scared bird.
• DOVE: Peace and good Omen.
• CLOUD BANDS: Good Fortune.
• CROSS: Devoid of religious significance.
• WEEPING WILLOW: Death, Sorrow, Grief.
• COCK: The devil, woven into the carpet to protect the owner or user from the evil eye.
• LIONS: Victory and Glory.
• DOGS: To protect the owner or user from theft.

FIBER TYPE
The sturdiness, look and feel and value of carpet are largely depended upon the fiber that is
employed to create it. The fibers that are utilized in creating carpet are –

• NYLON - This is often the foremost well-liked fiber used for floor covering. Nylon is sturdy,
proof against tear. It's usually not a stain distasteful fiber.
• OLEFIN - This is often a perfect fiber for any out of doors floor covering used as a result of
its proof against mold and mildew however additionally this is often not comfy carpet to run
on vacant feet.
• POLYESTER - It's a more cost-effective possibility than different fibers. It's less resilient than
nylon fiber and is a lot of doubtless to indicate injury and fade.

DESIGN PERSPECTIVE OF CARPET INDUSTRY, INDIA 3

 • ACRYLIC - It provides the design and feel of the wool primarily based carpets. It's proof
against mould and mildew.
• WOOL - Wool is that the costliest fiber in the carpet market these days as a result of its sole
fiber utilized in carpet production. It feels smart against vacant feet and is extremely sturdy.
It's stained resistant however additionally fades simply in direct daylight. (Nasir, 2014)

TECHNIQUES
The usual process done by a carpet-designer is as follows:

• First, he draws up a design

• Then he transfers it to graph paper on which each square represents a single knot
• After that, he divides the paper into various sizes
• And at last, depending on whether the pattern is intended for a part of a repeat pattern

COLORS

In the carpet business, colors signify different meanings. the colors are all vital to the assembly of a
decent carpet. Afoul color will create the pile dry and brittle. different colors are obtained from
various things –
• The madder color was obtained from vegetables
• Roots of madder provide the reminder red color
• Different reminder pink was obtained by intermixture the red with grey color
• The blue color was obtained from the leaves of the bush
• All reminder inexperienced color were obtained from grass
• The brown color was made of the leaves of kikar tree
• The yellow color was obtained from the stigma of the cultivated Crocus sativus that ar wide
big in Kashmir
• And the light-yellow color was made of turmeric

Every color has a different meaning. Some of the colors with their meaning are –

• WHITE: – The color of mourning, death, and grief. It is also a symbol of peace and purity.
• BLACK: – Revolt, Destruction
• RED: – Joy, Happiness, Wealth
• YELLOW: – Imperial Colour
• ORANGE: – Devotion and Faithfulness
• GOLD: – Power and Wealth
• BROWN: – Fertility and Agricultural abundance
• LIGHT BLUE: – Power and Symbolic of Heaven

DESIGN PERSPECTIVE OF CARPET INDUSTRY, INDIA 4

 • DARK BLUE: - Colour of morning (Nasir, 2014)

MACHINERY AND HAND TOOLS

The type of machinery & instrumentality utilized in the assembly method square measure
handlooms, broad looms, coloring machine, and finishing machine.

Different types of hand tools that square measure used –

• Knife for cutting the yarn whereas attachment the knots

• A comb-like tool for packing down the knots of woof whereas weaving
• A combine of shears for trimming the yarn
• Tufting machine used for the method of carpet creating

DETERMINING CARPET QUALITY

Carpet quality is checked by a variety of factors including the weight, fiber type, construction, and
density. There is not any particular grading system of carpets.

VARIETIES OF INDIAN CARPETS

There is a unit of numerous varieties of Indian carpets. Today, carpets in the Asian countries area unit
woven by hand or incorrect loom. Silk carpets and Asian countries in wool carpets area unit the
foremost in style carpets in India. Cotton, Jute, Bamboo and Grass area unit some materials that area
unit want to create these engaging Indian floor coverings.
Starting from history their area unit numerous kinds of carpets in India-

• MUGHAL VARIETY OF CARPETS - These carpets area unit thought-about to be the oldest
in Asian countries. Over the seventeenth century, the native artists slowly replaced the
artisans of Persia. These artists work consistent with the style of Indian folks. The Mughal
variety of carpet was largely influenced by the fervour of Akbar's son Jahangir whose selection
of florals has left a crucial impact on carpet planning.

• ANTIQUE VARIETY OF CARPETS - These carpets area unit dear. the planning of those
carpets area units influenced by the history of the Asian countries.

• FLORAL RUGS OR FLORAL CARPETS - They are the foremost common form of Indian
carpets. they're largely attributed to urban center.

• PORTUGUESE CARPETS - They are quite kind of like the Persian carpets. These carpets
area units attributed to Northern or Southern Persia or the Portuguese colony in the state.
(Nasir, 2014)
The carpets in India are classified according to the various areas of the country as-

DESIGN PERSPECTIVE OF CARPET INDUSTRY, INDIA 5

 • WESTERN CARPETS - Asian country Carpets of Western India area unit distinguished from
the central and northern India. The carpets from the Rajasthan area unit documented for its
fine quality hand-knotted woollen fibers. Jaipur, Ajmer & Bikaner area unit the most centres
of this craft in Rajasthan. the standard styles embrace Dushala, Charkona, Mehrab and
Shikhar patterns. Durries could be a special sort of carpet that is factory-made in Rajasthan.

• NORTHERN CARPETS - The North Asian countries' handicrafts consist of the states of
Haryana, Punjab, HP, J & K, and Chandigarh. Hand-knotted pure silk carpets of Jammu and
Kashmir are world far-famed for his or her softness. Panipat is additionally famed for its carpet
trade and it's famed for its loom merchandise, together with Durries, Carpets, and Mats. It's
additionally called "CITY OF WEAVERS''. Panipat has additionally attained a pride of place
within the international market.

• CARPETS OF UP & HARYANA - These carpets are significantly famous across the world
for their distinctive colors and styles. Employment in UP constitutes virtually ninetieth of the
carpet weaves. Bhadohi, Mirzapur, urban center & Panipat area unit the foremost carpet
hubs. The specialty is their distinctive ‘'Sculpture Design'' that uses clippings of the thread
around the helm and provides it a three-D structure.

HAND-MADE CARPETS V/S MACHINE-MADE CARPETS

It is troublesome to form out the distinction between a machine created and a home-made carpet.
however, if folks recognize the key points associate degreed have an inspective eye then they will
differentiate between these them.
More clarity on the variations will be explained in terms of –
• Knots
• Sides and Ends
• Back of the carpets
• Materials
• Touch
• Manufacturing method

KNOTS
Machine-made rugs and carpets don't seem to be woven by hand. These are loomed by a computer-
generated system. There aren't any knots in machine-made floor covers as a result of in a very hand-
made rug, every knot is hand-knotted and tied. In machine-made carpets, threads are affixed or
whorled onto a hot latex backing that cools and hardens. They show a whole and rigid uniformity in
manufacture that transforms into a static style.

DESIGN PERSPECTIVE OF CARPET INDUSTRY, INDIA 6

SIDES AND ENDS
In a hand-made carpet, the fringe is 'part' of the rug. The fringe is not sewn on as an extension. Machine-made
rugs always have 'surged' sides or machine stitching on both sides of the rug.

BACK
In machine-made carpets, the sewing on the rear is extremely consistent. they need extraordinarily
regular knots and even structure remains identical all told components of the carpet. On the opposite
hand, in hand-knotted rugs, the sewing varies slightly because of completely different tensions on
the wool as individuals' hand-tie the knots.

MATERIALS
Acrylics and other chemically processed materials are used to make machine-made carpets and in
Hand-knotted carpets, pure organic wools are used.

PARTS OF CARPET

SYMMETRICAL KNOT
The symmetrical knot is additionally called the Turkish knot. Within the symmetrical knot, the yarn
is placed in an exceeding loop. Between each row of knots, a filling is in one or several rows. The
symmetrical knot provides a stronger consistency to the carpet and is commonly used for thicker
carpets.

PERSIAN KNOT
The asymmetrical knot is additionally referred to as the Persian knot. Within the unsymmetrical knot,
the yarn is placed during a loop around her one crooked thread and remains to unwind intoxicated
folks crooked thread. Between all ages row of knots, the pick is placed in one or enhanced rows. The
asymmetrical knot decides its potential to oscine bird a carpet with on top of knot density and
enhanced details. this a trial knot is employed within the Persian workshops in ink.

TIBETAN KNOT
The Tibetan Buddhism knot tends fully various factors structure than the opposite knots. this a trial
knot is created by employing an improvisation rod as well as the dimension of the carpet, which lets
you are placed ahead of the crooked. the future yarn is then placed around her twenty years crooked
threads then round the rod. once they weaverbird completes everything row of knots then he alters
reduce the loops around the rod to make the knot.

DESIGN PERSPECTIVE OF CARPET INDUSTRY, INDIA 7

JUFTI KNOT
A Jufti knot means the knot is placed yet again deception, rather than take twenty years, crooked
threads. The thread is placed in one or enhanced rows. The carpets are tending to be less sturdy and
how extent can do generally look unwind and joke. it's all cheaper in a price war. The knot could be
each side symmetrical and asymmetrical. (cepco.in, 2017)
CUSTOMIZED CARPET
Nowadays people can also place an order for customized carpet. They can give design to the company
and the carpet can be made as it is instructed.

Some of the companies that make customize carpet are –

• Ramsha
• The Weaver
• Knots India
• Yak Carpet

CHANGES IN STYLE
In the old days, the carpets were made with camel color backgrounds but these days many other
patterns are being used. New technologies, various varieties, customized designs, different types of
fabrics and many others have been introduced at present in the carpet industry. In the old days,
carpets were only being used by Mughals but slowly the trend changed and everybody started using
it. In the old days only, history and antique related designs were used for making carpets but
nowadays various pattern is being used.

INDIAN HANDMADE CARPETS SCENARIO

In drawing ink, mental disorder house is furnishing sectors are some things currently touring towards
Indian overhand carpets production, which includes an offered varied unique approach market
fashionable for beginner styles and are a great deal market phase. The movement market is improved
interested in the trendy carpet patterns that tend only if unique approach opportunities for the
carpet trade. drawing ink is kind of a versatile market and produces every kind of high-quality carpets
which give drawing ink a footing once more it's rivalrous nations, as well as a flower – in the main in
terms of quality and styles. rug beater trade-in drawing ink has toughened a significant component
become Recent epoch years to come. The trade is touring towards the emergence of stories market
and adulthood existing market. Low-end carpets merchandise in fashionable styles like hand-tufted
carpets are some things very smart most popular by unique approach client final analysis. gator trade
is rising because of the biggest miscarriage to Indian carpet trade, in terms of system and volumes.
except for it, trade has to consolidate on the activities like quality standards, break the bank cell
division, more sensible choice age of the product and their on-time employee to chase away its
protein.

DESIGN PERSPECTIVE OF CARPET INDUSTRY, INDIA 8

GLOBAL PROSPECTS FOR INDIAN CARPET INDUSTRY
Indian carpets are famous all over the world for its magnificent designs and heart winning
workmanship. It has been able to capture the world export market and to make a mark in the global
carpet market. Handmade woollen carpets, tufted carpets, staple synthetic carpets, and handmade
woollen durries are some of the types for which there is a huge market demand in the European and
American markets. The handmade carpet is an important foreign exchange earner for our country
and it also employs a million workers. The current trend of handmade floor covering is estimated to
be around US$ 2.56 Billion according to the Carpet Council Magazine. India ranks number one in
terms of value as well as in the volume of exports of handmade carpets. The major competitors to
the export of handmade carpet are Iran, Pakistan, and Nepal. During the year 2008 & 2010, the export
of handmade carpets & another floor covering declined by 23.15% and 7.51 respectively. The export
of handmade carpets and other floor coverings have increased during the year 2011-12 by 23.61% in
US$ terms. India has around 35% share of the world markets for handmade carpets and floor covering
out of which India’s export to the US accounts for about 39.25% of total exports. (Bano, 2015)

CONSUMER PREFERENCE AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

With the bereavement over and over, shoppers’ preferences make merry became terms of costs,
style and a couple of physiques. Nowadays, shoppers choose to plant disease carpets that are
supposed to the garment and a couple of reasons. There's a top-quality calling into question finest
plastic flower carpets the half within the garrison cap selling which incorporates a disregarded the
business to maneuverer towards fashionable and trendy carpets which aren't quick access to take
care of and a couple of reasons. Indian handmade carpets are something battling it began in and out
with any luck machine-made carpets any further developed countries. Opportunities for this stuff rug
beater business lies another way developing originality federal agency and a couple of analysis. Also,
employing environment-friendly handling another way of producing carpets and a couple of rugs also
will strengthen another choice chance that cannot be enticing shoppers. (Bano, 2015)

SWOT ANALYSIS OF CARPET INDUSTRY

Indian beater trade is a little more distinctive trade extremely smart unorganized except for lacks
correct channels. Somehow, it's got the non-market economy to a quarter working at imposingly
within the overdue future years. The half of trade tends decided major factor contribution another
way agent exports endlessly.

STRENGTHS

• Availability of creative skills

DESIGN PERSPECTIVE OF CARPET INDUSTRY, INDIA 9

 • Cheap project and a couple of inexpensive beauty handling
• Innovations otherwise seller carpets and adaptability producing every kind of carpets
• Various types of carpets
• New technologies are some things being employed
• Higher gainsays
• Customized styles

WEAKNESSES

• Unorganized trade
• Lack of promoting channels
• Poor infrastructure
• Professional approach and Intellectual Property Rights

OPPORTUNITIES

• Home furnishing market is moving towards the carpet industry

• Evolution of new carpet designs
• Opportunity to provide stocking and warehousing services to various players in the market

THREATS

• Industry is suffering a lot due to unhealthy competition exiting within it

• If not handled properly, the current rebound in the industry may not be sustainable
• Social evil such as child labour has a strong bonding with the industry
• The industry invites the risk of possible backlash on itself
• Internal competition

DESIGN PERSPECTIVE OF CARPET INDUSTRY, INDIA 10

CONCLUSION
Handicrafts industry proves its great role in economic development. The above study shows the
export performance of the carpet industry that how it helps in economic development and becomes
the prime agent in the path of development of a country. The Indian handmade carpet has proved
its efficiency to compete with the world due to its unique weave. The style and designs of the carpet
have been changed over time. Many new varieties and technologies have been introduced in this
industry. This industry also gives employment to millions of people.

REFERENCES

Bano, R. (2015). Global perspective of Indian Carpet. Global perspective of Indian Carpet, 11.

cepco.in. (2017, September 22). Carpet export promotion council. Retrieved from cepco.in.

Nasir, A. (2014). History and collection of carpet in India. History and collection of carpet in India, 7.

DESIGN PERSPECTIVE OF CARPET INDUSTRY, INDIA 11