Informe Of Material laboratory IV.

ESSAY OF COMPRESSION IN METALS

*Borja Martínez Yenifer Paola, **Brieva Arteaga Camilo Andrés ***Chávez Hernández Ingrid
Juliana, ****Cuervo Ciro Yoiner.
* Student of Industrial Engineering, Code: T00056678
**Student of Industrial Engineering, Code: T00046324
*** Student of Industrial Engineering, Code: T00059167
** **Student of Industrial Engineering, Code: T00054652

Professor: Jaime Alberto Table Cogollo PhD

03/10/2019
Group K2
Cartagena de Indias-Colombia

ABSTRACT
Essay of compression in metals looks for determine mechanical properties like the resistance to
efforts and his elastic capacity, using main tools as they are it the probetas of metal, steel 1045
and bronze sae 40, schemes universal of essays and some callipers, where lto schemes launches
data of load-shrinkage to theq orand was subjected the probeta, launching resulted in the probeta
of bronze of a split in very little time, doing understand his state of mechanical property, by his
part the steel 1045 comported normal, showing a high degree of resistance to the compression.

Keywords: COMPRESSION, MODULATE OF YOUNG, SHRINKAGE, AXIAL LOAD.

____________________________________________________________________________

The probetas that used in this practical will

1. Introduction
The essay of compression in metals consists
in applying an axial load uniform an all the
area of the cylindrical metal looking for
reduce his length and increase the area, where
can determine the effort that is the capacity
that has a material to bear loads, also the
deformation or shrinkage in this case in
particular for the compression that treats to
analyse that length goes to reduce when
applying a specific load, besides determines
also the module of elasticity that have the
materials, the capacity that have to go back to
his original state.
be 2, one of STEEL 1045 and another of
BRONZE SAE 40, for an essay of
compression is not necessary that the
probetas are standardised, to carry out this
essay used besides one schemes universal of
essays where made the process of axial
compression and some callipers to take
specific measures of the probetas, when
having the averages, enter in the database of
the machine and proceeds with the
compression and schemes it launched the
data and grafica of load-shrinkage.
The properties like effort, deformation and
module of Young will be determined by
means of formulas that will be explained in After making the essay in each probeta,
this report. observe that each one comported differently,
to the one of Copper SAE 40 the shrinkage
2. Methodology was very low until the point that did not resist
In this practice of laboratory to measure and
so much load and crack , and the Steel 1045
put to proof the mechanical properties of the deform and compressed, soportante greater
materials, make an essay compression, which load that the bronze, presenting like this a
makes in one schemes universal of greater mechanical resistance, these data help
essays(FIGURE.1) and it consists in us to simple dress to see cual material is more
deforming the probetas(STEEL 1045, ductile that others.
BRONZE SAE 40) (FIGURE.2) applying an
axial load against the extremes of the
probetas for these compress , this does to see
what so much is the deformation that allows
the material at the same time that it finds
subjected to the load, the deformation affects
to the diameter and the length due to the fact
that this essay consists basically in
“compressing” of both sides of the probeta.

To obtain the data made the following:

1. They took the respective measures to each
probeta, in this case his diameter and initial
length.
2. It reviewed it schemes it universal to see
if it presents some imperfection or fails
mechanical.
3. They registered the data of the measures
of the probeta that will be planted in the
machine and calibrates in the computer. Figure 1. It schemes universal of essays.
4. It planted the probeta in schemes it
universal totally centred in the points of
support where made the load.
5. It begins apply the strength to each
extreme of the probeta and observes like
detenidamente goes deforming.
6. It observes the probeta after made the
Figure 2. Probetas, before being subjected
essay and take the measures of his diameter
to compresion.
and final length (FUGURE.3).
7. They made the same steps for the 2
probetas remaining.
 BRONZE SAE 40
 Present a recovery of deformation
very low regarding the steel.
 During the essay the probeta of steel
broke as it can observe by a side in
the FIGURE 3.
 The fissure generated wants to say
Figure 3. Probeta Of STEEL 1045, after that I do not hold a lot of axial load,
the deformation. but does not want to say that it have
been fragile.
 Like the móduthe of elasticity is of
465,95 MPa TABLE 1. It wants to say
that it is less ductile that the STEEL
1045

4. Analysis of Results

Figure 4. Diagram for the probeta. UTB STEEL1045

(UTB, 2017) 2000
Effort (kN/mm2)

Formulates of I Modulate of Young 1500

And=(𝐴𝑛𝑑2 − 𝐴𝑛𝑑1 )⁄(𝑋2 − 𝑋1 )

1000 1,340;
580,7612369
Formulates of effort 500
0,682;
139,0070736
0
0,000 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000
3. Results Deformacion (mm/mm)
The results obtained for the different probetas STEEL1045
are the following:
Graphic.1 Effort-Deformación of STEEL
STEEL 1045
1045
 The first that podemos notice is that it
comported like a matterl ductile.
 The module of elasticity is upper to
671,36 MPa TABLE .1
 The deformation regarding the bronze
in the essay of compression is a lot
greater.
 The steel conserves a greater
mechanical property.
 COPRESION
BRONZE SAE 40 DATA STEEL 1045 BRONZE SAE 40
1200,0000 Li (mm) 21 20
Lf (mm) 11,7 12,4
1000,0000 Di(mm) 19 19
Effort (kN/mm2)

Df (mm) 26,3 25
800,0000 Ai(mm2) 283,53 283,53
Af(mm2) 543,25 490,87
600,0000 E 671,36 465,95

1,19;
400,0000 Table.1 Data of properties of the
405,6467
materials.
200,0000 Li = Initial length
0,44; Lf= Final length
0,0000 59,9146
I gave= Diametro initial
0,00 2,00 4,00 6,00 8,00 10,00
Df= Diametro Final
Deformacion (mm/mm) Ai= Area Initial
Af= Area Final.
ALUMINIUM6061
E= I Modulate of Young
Graphic.2 Effort-Deformacion BRONZE
SAE 40

2000,0000

1500,0000
EFFORT kN/mm2

1000,0000 Figure 5. THEORETICAL VALUE IN

PSI OF BRONZE (LTA.)
We can see that the difference is quite large,
500,0000
since the test specimens used in the
laboratory are not standardized
0,0000
0,00 5,00 10,00 15,00 5. Conclusions

-500,0000
BRONZE SAE 40 DEFORMACION To conclude on the results obtained and the
STEEL 1045 analysis of result can say that:
Graphic.3 COMPARACION OF
COMPRESION BRONZE SAE 40-
STEEL 1045  For the probeta of ACERO 1045 in the
essay of compression obtained a graphic
in which it can observe a module of
Young quite wide what involves his high
 degree of ductility and resistance to the
compression, very above the bronze. Also
it obtained a greater deformation to very
high loads applied.

 It concluded bymed io of the practice that

the BRONZE SAE 40 presents little
resistance to the compression, which
shows his little ductility and his fragility
to some pressures and this can conclude
in the GRAPHIC 3 in the comparison of
the graphic of the 2 metals. With this can
corroborate that no all the materials have
the same resistance, this signals us that if
a material has a big resistance to the
compression is possible that have a low
resistance to the tension and vice versa,
by this is transcendental know the
characteristics of each one of the mariales
to avoid any type of fail.

 Also we can conclude that the essay of

understanding is very practical to know
the low behaviour permanent efforts, in
which the deformation will be constant,
being the load applied what varies and
produces the form of the curve
encourage-deformation.

REFERENCES

LTA., B. D. (s.f.). Ficha tecnica propiedades

mecanicas bronces especiales . Cali,
Colombia.

UTB. (2017). GUÍA PARA LA PRÁCTICA DE

COMPRESION DE METALES.
CARTAGENA DE INDIAS D. T. y C.