A

Design report on

“Smart Class Automation”

Submitted by:

Ms. Sabale Kalpna

Mr. Chavan Ganesh
Mr. Kulkarni Ketan
Ms. Pawar Sheetal
Mr. Sargule Atul
Under The Guidance of:

Prof. Takalikar R.A.

For The Award of the Degree of

Bachelor of Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

SKN SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(SOLAPUR UNIVERSITY, SOLAPUR)
2017 - 2018
 Design Report

Name of college : SKN Sinhgad College of Engineering, Korti, Pandharpur.

Name of Department : Computer Science & Engineering.
Name of Students : Ms. Sabale Kalpna
Mr. Chavan Ganesh
Mr. Kulkarni Ketan
Ms. Pawar Sheetal
Mr. Sargule Atul
Name of Guide : Prof. Takalikar R.A
Title of Project : "Smart Class Automation"
Abstract:
This project focuses on achieving college automation along with smart classroom integration. In
today’s world automation, gaining a lot of importance and iot is becoming more popular day by
day; this project focuses on smart class rooms in college by installing small internet connected
devices in each classroom. Raspberry pi, is used as the brain of the whole controlling system. An
embedded Linux is used as the operating system and allows us to make the classroom smart,
offering various software and teaching tools to be easily installed. Python, a high-level
programming language is used to fetch data from cloud and implement the control logic for
controlling the appliances in the classroom. Flask, a micro web framework is used to develop the
backend server application. Sqlite3 is used to manage the data on cloud. The ui to control the
appliances in the classroom is developed with materialize, a framework allowing to develop
responsive material design.
Keyword: Automation, Raspberry Pi, Linux, Python, Iot
 Smart Class Automation

Introduction:

This project is implemented for the purpose of getting a classroom fully Smart and Automatic.
The aim of the project is to make the peripherals in a classroom fully automatic like the curtains,
projector screen, lights etc. This project can simplify the total routine of the class structure.
‘SMART CLASS AUTOMATION’ is a raspberry pi based project designed for making a
class fully automated using sensors and relays. The sensors detect the motion of the human. The
project uses different type of interfaces to automate the classroom.
Smart class Automation will help class to automate and save electricity, automation is the
need of modern era where IOT is of essence. And that is what we are exactly doing in this
project a combination of modern classroom with saving electricity.

Presently, one of the dominating problems that of we tumble is that service wastage. In our
homes, schools, colleges and industries, we see that fans and lights are regularly kept ON at
some future time if nothing in the dine or aspect or passage. To dodge one a status we have
designed this complimentary “Classroom Automation”.
Thus in quickly the main desire of our free ride is to save electricity, time and maintain in
functioning of classroom system smoothly.

A. Iot (Internet Of Things) is inter-networking of physical devices, embedded systems,

buildings, sensors, actuators and other similar devices to stay connected and exchange data. The
IoT allows objects to be sensed or controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure,
creating opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world into computer-based
systems, and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit in addition to
reduced human intervention. The IoT allows objects to be sensed or controlled remotely across
existing network infrastructure creating opportunities for more direct integration of the physical
world into computer-based systems, and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and
economic benefit in addition to reduced human intervention. When IoT is augmented with
sensors and actuators, the technology becomes an instance of the more general class of cyber-
physical systems, which also encompasses technologies such as smart grids, virtual power plants,
smart homes, intelligent transportation and smart cities.

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B. Introduction To Raspberry Pi Raspberry pi is a on its own board computer that finds its
application in a wide range of IoT based and teaching applications. The Raspberry Pi is a series
of small single-board computers developed in the United Kingdom by the Raspberry Pi
Foundation to promote the teaching of basic computer science in schools and in developing
countries. The original model became far more popular than anticipated,[7] selling outside of its
target market for uses such as robotics. Peripherals (including keyboards, mice and cases) are not
included with the Raspberry Pi. Some accessories however have been included in several official
and unofficial bundles. This tiny piece of electronic device is capable of stuff that a PC does, like
opening spreadsheets, PowerPoint presentations, playing games and much more. At the same
time it is also has 40 GPIO pins, which offers to connect various sensors and actuators and work
around controlling physical things. The raspberry pi 3 features a Broadcom system on a chip
(SoC), which includes an ARM compatible central processing unit (CPU) and an on-chip
graphics processing unit (GPU, a Video Core IV). CPU of 1.2 and on board of 1 GB RAM.

C. REQUIREMENT OF AUTOMATION Prior, we looked towards the future when we

mentioned about automation/robotization, which could do anything on affectation of the
controller, yet today it has transformed into a real.
Automation can supplant great measure of human working power, in addition people are more
inclined to mistakes and in serious conditions the likelihood of blunder increments though,
automation can work with persistence, flexibility Some of the important reasons are discussed
below a) Carrying functions that are beyond human abilities of size, weight, speed, continuance,
& so forth and with exceptionally immaterial blunder. b) Supplanting people in undertakings
done in risky situations (i.e. fire, space, volcanoes, atomic offices, submerged, and so forth) c)
Supplanting human administrators in undertakings that include hard physical or dull work. d)
Economic growth. Robotization may improve in economy of endeavors, society or a vast part of
humankind. For representation, when an endeavor that has placed assets into robotization,
development recoups its venture, or when a state or country extends its salary because of
computerization like China,Japan or Germany in the twentieth Century. This project is
concentrating on implementation of hardware control system for various electrical and
electronics devices

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Related Work:
1. Existing Methods: Shekhar H. et al discussed about the concept of eliminating the black
board and replacing them with the smart electric board is discussed[1]. Dong-oh Kang et
al has clearly pointed the applying SoD (System on-Demand) technology to the smart
class by resilient usage of smart devices like smart phones and smart pads, which adopts
I/O virtualization, system virtualization and application virtualization techniques[2]. M.
Kim and N. Y. Chong focuses on implementation on electric board by eliminating the
black boards[3]. G. Tanganelli C et al has defined the use CoAPthon, an open-source
Python-based CoAP library, which aims at simplifying the development of CoAP-
enabled IoT applications[4].
2. Smart classrooms: Existing smart classrooms system more focuses on providing digital
forms of teaching and learning experience at the same time being a little rich to afford as
it consists of a PC integrated with the classrooms. The smart classroom system does not
allow controlling physical appliances inside the classroom through software.
3. College Automation: PLC’s are widely used for such large automation applications. PLC
can be Used to automate the college.

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Proposed work:

When switched on this device there will be two options to select weather the classroom control
by automatic or by manually. Select it using the keypad. When Automatic selected the PIR
detect the presence of the human being in the classroom and activate the bulbs and opens the
curtain whenever the projector switched on the projector screen will open automatically. In
Manual mode we can open or close the curtain manually by pressing the correct button in
keypad. A help window is also assigned in the controller it will show how to operate the system.

A) Turning Electronic Devices ON or OFF

Based on PIR sensor and its output we can detect human presence in class or lab.
And with the help of it we can automatically turn the Fans, Tube lights on or off.

B) Using Smartphone to control Electronic Devices

PIR sensor, can be wrong sometimes so in such situation we can use our Smartphone to
control those devices to turn off or on as requirement.

C) Projector mode
In this mode, we are setting a class or lab for presentation that is turning off lights,
window curtains and rolling down the projector screen.

Problem statement:

1. Aim: To implement Smart Class automation system.

2. Objective:

2.1. Save electricity by automatically turning off lights, fans and projector when no one is
present in classroom.
2.2. When turned on projector mode, Window curtains will close automatically and projector
screen will be rolled on.

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Methodology

1. RELAYS
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Current flowing through the coil of the relay
creates a magnetic field which attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts. The coil current
can be on or off so relays have two switch positions and most have double throw (changeover)
switch contacts as shown in the diagram.
Relays allow one circuit to switch a second circuit which can be completely separate from
the first. For example a low voltage battery circuit can use a relay to switch a 230V AC mains
circuit. There is no electrical connection inside the relay between the two circuits, the link is
magnetic and mechanical.
The coil of a relay passes a relatively large current, typically 30mA for a 12V relay, but it
can be as much as 100mA for relays designed to operate from lower voltages. Most ICs (chips)
cannot provide this current and a transistor is usually used to amplify the small IC current to the
larger value required for the relay coil. The maximum output current for the popular 555 timer
IC is 200mA so these devices can supply relay coils directly without amplification.
Relays are usuallly SPDT or DPDT but they can have many more sets of switch contacts,
for example relays with 4 sets of changeover contacts are readily available. For further
information about switch contacts and the terms used to describe them please see the page on
switches.
Most relays are designed for PCB mounting but you can solder wires directly to the pins
providing you take care to avoid melting the plastic case of the relay.
The supplier's catalogue or website should show the relay's connections. The coil will be
obvious and it may be connected either way round. Relay coils produce brief high voltage
'spikes' when they are switched off and this can destroy transistors and ICs in the circuit. To
prevent damage you must connect a protection diode across the relay coil.
The relay's switch connections are usually labeled COM, NC and NO:
COM = Common, always connect to this, it is the moving part of the switch.
NC = Normally Closed, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is off.
NO = Normally Open, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is on.
Connect to COM and NO if you want the switched circuit to be on when the relay coil is on.

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Connect to COM and NC if you want the switched circuit to be on when the relay coil is off

2. PIR Sensor
A Passive Infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic device which measures IR light
radiating from objects in its field of view. Apparent motion is detected when an infrared source
with one temperature, such as a human, passes in front of an infrared source with another
temperature, such as a wall. All objects emit what is known as black body radiation. This energy
is invisible to the human eye but can be detected by electronic devices designed for such a
purpose. The term 'passive' in this instance means the PIR does not emit energy of any type but
merely accepts incoming infrared radiation.
A person entering the monitored area is detected when the infrared energy emitted from
the intruder's body is focused by a Fresnel lens or a mirror segment and overlaps a section on the
chip which had previously been looking at some much cooler part of the protected area. That
portion of the chip is now much warmer than when the intruder wasn't there. As the intruder
moves, so does the hot spot on the surface of the chip. This moving hot spot causes the
electronics connected to the chip to de-energize the relay, operating its contacts, thereby
activating the detection input on the alarm control panel. Conversely, if an intruder were to try to
defeat a PIR perhaps by holding some sort of thermal shield between himself and the PIR, a
corresponding 'cold' spot moving across the face of the chip will also cause the relay to de-
energize — unless the thermal shield has the same temperature as the objects behind it.

The PIR (Passive Infra-Red) Sensor is a pyro electric device that detects motion by measuring
changes in the infrared levels emitted by surrounding objects. This motion can be detected by
checking for a high signal on a single I/O pin.

Features
 Single bit output
 Small size makes it easy to conceal
 Compatible with all Parallax microcontrollers
 3.3V & 5V operation with <100uA current draw

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Theory of Operation
Pyroelectric devices, such as the PIR sensor, have elements made of a crystalline material that
generates an electric charge when exposed to infrared radiation. The changes in the amount of
infrared striking the element change the voltages generated, which are measured by an on-board
amplifier. The device contains a special filter called a Fresnel lens, which focuses the infrared
signals onto the element. As the ambient infrared signals change rapidly, the on-board amplifier
trips the output to indicate motion.

Pin Definitions and Ratings

Pin Name Function

- GND Connects to Ground or Vss

+ V+ Connects to Vdd (3.3V to 5V) @ ~100uA

Connects to an I/O pin set to INPUT mode (or
OUT Output transistor/MOSFET)

Jumper Setting
Position Mode Description

Output remains HIGH when sensor is retriggered repeatedly.

Output is
H Retrigger
LOW when idle (not triggered).
Output goes HIGH then LOW when triggered. Continuous
motion
L Normal
results in repeated HIGH/LOW pulses. Output is LOW when idle.

Calibration:
The PIR Sensor requires a ‘warm-up’ time in order to function properly. This is due to the
settling time involved in ‘learning’ its environment. This could be anywhere from 10-60 seconds.
During this time there should be as little motion as possible in the sensors field of view.

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Sensitivity:
The PIR Sensor has a range of approximately 20 feet. This can vary with environmental
conditions. The sensor is designed to adjust to slowly changing conditions that would happen
normally as the day progresses and the environmental conditions change, but responds by
making its output high when sudden changes occur, such as when there is motion.

3. GEAR MOTOR
Geared DC motors can be defined as an extension of DC motor which already had its
Insight details demystified here. A geared DC Motor has a gear assembly attached to the motor.
The speed of motor is counted in terms of rotations of the shaft per minute and is termed as
RPM. The gear assembly helps in increasing the torque and reducing the speed. Using the
correct combination of gears in a gear motor, its speed can be reduced to any desirable figure.
This concept where gears reduce the speed of the vehicle but increase its torque is known as gear
reduction. This Insight will explore all the minor and major details that make the gear head and
hence the working of geared DC motor.
The gears in a transmission are analogous to the wheels in a crossed belt pulley system. An
advantage of gears is that the teeth of a gear prevent slippage.
When two gears mesh, and one gear is bigger than the other (even though the size of the
teeth must match), a mechanical advantage is produced, with the rotational speeds and the
torques of the two gears differing in an inverse relationship.
In transmissions with multiple gear ratios—such as bicycles, motorcycles, and cars—the
term gear, as in first gear, refers to a gear ratio rather than an actual physical gear. The term
describes similar devices, even when the gear ratio is continuous rather than discrete, or when
the device does not actually contain gears, as in a continuously variable transmission.

4. MOTOR DRIVER
L293D is a dual H-bridge motor driver integrated circuit (IC). Motor drivers act as
current amplifiers since they take a low-current control signal and provide a higher-current
signal. This higher current signal is used to drive the motors.
L293D contains two inbuilt H-bridge driver circuits. In its common mode of operation,
two DC motors can be driven simultaneously, both in forward and reverse direction. The motor

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operations of two motors can be controlled by input logic at pins 2 & 7 and 10 & 15. Input logic
00 or 11 will stop the corresponding motor. Logic 01 and 10 will rotate it in clockwise and
anticlockwise directions, respectively.
Enable pins 1 and 9 (corresponding to the two motors) must be high for motors to start
operating. When an enable input is high, the associated driver gets enabled. As a result, the
outputs become active and work in phase with their inputs. Similarly, when the enable input is
low, that driver is disabled, and their outputs are off and in the high-impedance state.

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UML Diagrams

The Unified Modeling Language is a standard visual modeling language intended to Be used for
modeling business and similar processes,analysis,design and implementation of Software-based
systems.

Goals of UML
There are a number of goals for developing UML but the most important is to de ne some
general purpose modeling language which all modelers can use and also it needs to be made
simple to understand and use. UML diagrams are not only made for developers but also for
business users, common people and anybody interested to understand the system. The system
can be a software or non-software. So it must be clear that UML is not a development method
rather it accompanies with processes to make a successful system. At the conclusion the goal of
UML can be defined as a simple modeling mechanism to model all possible practical systems in
today's complex environment. UML diagrams are the ultimate output of the entire discussion. All
the elements, relationships are used to make a complete UML diagram and the diagram
represents a system.
The visual effect of the UML diagram is the most important part of the entire process. All the
other elements are used to make it a complete one. UML includes the following nine
Diagrams:
 Data Flow Diagrams
 Use case diagram
 Activity diagram
 Sequence diagram
 Collaboration diagram

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 Dataflow Diagram
A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the "flow" of data through an
information system, modeling its process aspects. A DFD is often used as a preliminary step to
create an overview of the system without going into great detail, which can later be elaborated

Fig.: Level 1 Dataflow Diagram

Fig.: Level 2 Dataflow Diagram

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 Usecase Diagram
A use case diagram at its simplest is a representation of a user's interaction with the system
that shows the relationship between the user and the different use cases in which the user is
involved.

Fig.: Usecase Diagram

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 Activity Diagram
An activity diagram illustrates one individual activity. In our context, an activity
represents a business process. Fundamental elements of the activity are actions and control
elements (decision, division, merge, initiation, end, etc.).

Fig.: Activity Diagram

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 Sequence Diagram

i. A sequence diagram is an interaction diagram. From the name it is clear that the
diagram deals with some sequences, which are the sequence of messages showing
from one object to another.
ii. ˆ Interaction among the components of a system is very important from
implementation and execution perspective. So Sequence diagram is used to
visualize the sequence of calls in a system to perform a special functionality

Fig.: Sequence Diagram

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 Collaboration Diagram

i. It shows the object organization as shown below. The number indicates how the
methods are called one after another. We have taken the same order management
system to describe the collaboration diagram.
ii. ˆ The method calls are similar to that of a sequence diagram. But the difference is
that the sequence diagram does not describe the object organization whereas the
collaboration diagram shows the object organization.

Fig.: Collaboration Diagram

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Hardware Requirement:

1. Raspberry Pi 3
2. DC Motor
3. Relay Switch
4. PIR Sensor
5. HDMI to vga connector
6. SD card
7. 5V 2A adapter
8. Female to female connectors
9. 12V 1A adapter
10. USB cable

Software Requirement:

1. Notepad++
2. Web server
3. Android Studio
4. One Touch Android Application
5. Thingspeak
6. ShellScripting

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References:
[1] Kyong Nam Ha, Kyong Chang Lee, Suk Lee “Development of PIR sensor based indoor location detection
system for smart home”, in proceedings of the SICE-ICASE. International, Joint Conference, pp.2162 {2167,
oct.18-21, 2006.
[2] Automatic Room Light Controller with bidirectional visitor counter | VOL-I Issue-4| ISSN: 2395-4841
http://www.ijictrd.net/papers/IJICTRDV1I4005.pdf
[3] INTELLIGENT CLASSROOM AUTOMATION SYSTEM USING PIC MICROCONTROLLER
http://esatjournals.net/ijret/2016v05/i06/IJRET20160506030.pdf
[4] IOT Based College Automation with Smart Classroom Integration Using Raspberry Pi
,http://www.ijraset.com/fileserve.php?FID=8521
[5] Dong-oh Kang, Kyuchang Kang , Hyungjik Lee, Joonyoung Jung, Changseok Bae , Jeunwoo Lee, “A Smart
Class System based _on SoD(System on
[6] G. Tanganelli, C. Vallati, E. Mingozzi, “ CoAPthon: Easy Development of CoAP-based IoT Applications with
Python”
[7] Rebecca F. Bruce, J. Dean Brock, Susan L. Reiser, “Make Space for the Pi”, in Proceedings of the IEEE
SoutheastCon 2015.
[8] Mashrura Tasnim, Farhana Zaman, Hasan Shahid Ferdous, Sharif Md. Saad Galib, “Towards Ubiquitous
Learning Tools for Computer Aided Classroom in Developing Regions”, in 16th Int'l Conf. Computer and
Information Technology, March 2014
[9] Anurag Jaiswal , Shridhar Domanal and G Ram Mohana Reddy, “Enhanced Framework for IoT applications on
Python based Cloud Simulator (PCS)”, in IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing in Emerging
Markets-2015.

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Ms. Sabale Kalpana Ms. Pawar Sheetal

Mr. Kulkarni Ketan Mr.Chavan Ganesh

Mr. Sargule Atul

Prof. Sawant N. M. Prof. Takalikar R.A.

(Project Co-ordinator) (Project Guide)

Prof. Pingale S.V.

(Head of Dept)
Computer Science and Engineering
SKNSCOE,Korti,Pandharpur