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ENGINEERING-ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT
Sorsogon City Campus SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,
ISO 9001: 2015
Magsaysay St., Sorsogon City, Sorsogon, Philippines 4700
www.sorsogonstatecollege.edu.ph ▪ (056) 211-0102, 421-5068 AND SOCIETY
CERTIFIED
HANDOUT NO. 4
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, & SOCIETY AND
THE HUMAN CONDITION
▪ VERIFICATION THEORY
- The earliest criterion that distinguishes philosophy from science
- The idea that proposes that a discipline is science if it can be confirmed or interpreted
in the event of an alternative hypothesis being accepted.
- This theory gives premium to empiricism and only takes into account those results
which are measurable and experiments which are reputable.
- Espoused by a movement in the early 20th century called the “Vienna Circle”, a group of
scholars who believed that only those which can be observed should be regarded as
meaningful and reject those which cannot be directly accessed as meaningless.
- Its shortcomings, however, proved to be somewhat too risky – several budding theories
that lack empirical results might be shot down prematurely, causing slower innovation
and punishing ingenuity or newer, novel thoughts.
▪ FALSIFICATION THEORY
- The current prevalent methodology in science proposed by Karl Popper
- Asserts that as long as an ideology is not proven to be false and can best explain a
phenomenon over alternative theories, we should accept the said ideology.
- This theory allowed emergence of theories otherwise rejected by verification theory.
1. Mortality Rate
- Due to technology, lesser women and children die during birth, assuring robust
population and strong workforce
- Medical care for premature infants allows them to survive and develop normally,
while proper maternal care ensures that mothers can fully recover and remain
empowered.
2. Average Lifespan
- Science is able to prolong lives by enhancing living status and discovering
different remedies to most diseases
- Distribution of medicines is also made easier and faster.
3. Literacy Rate
- Access to education provided to more individuals generally creates a more
informed public that could determine a more just society.
1. Materialism
- The first materialists were the atomists in Ancient Greece.
- Democritus and Leucippus leas a school whose primary belief is that the world is
made up of and is controlled by the tiny indivisible units in the world called
atomos or seeds.
- In terms of human flourishing, matter is what makes us attain happiness. People
are clingy on to material wealth as the primary meaning of their existence.
2. Hedonism
- The hedonists see the end goal of life in acquiring pleasure which is their priority.
- For them, life is about obtaining and indulging in pleasure because life is limited.
- The mantra of this school of thought is the famous, “Eat, drink, and be merry for
tomorrow we die”.
- This school of thought, led by Epicurus, does not buy any notion of afterlife just
like the materialists.
3. Stoicism
- Also led by Epicurus, the stoics espoused the idea that to generate happiness, one
must learn to distance oneself and be apathetic.
- The original term, apatheia, precisely means to be indifferent.
- For stoics, happiness can only be attained by a careful practice of apathy.
4. Theism
- The ultimate basis of happiness for theist is the communion with God.
- Most people find the meaning of their lives using God as a fulcrum of their
existence
5. Humanism
- Humanism as another school of thought espouses the freedom of man to carve
his own destiny and to legislate his own laws, free from the shackles of a God that
monitors and controls.
- For humanists, man is literally the captain of the ship. They see themselves as
stewards of the creation but as individuals who are in control of themselves and
the world outside them.
▪ Mobile Phones
- In 2010, according to global research agency Synovate, 67% of the Filipino population
own at least one mobile phone.
- In a survey conducted from 2011-2012 by Ipos Media Atlas Philippines, it was found
that one (1) in every three (3) Filipinos cannot live without a mobile phone.
- On April 3, 1973, Martin Cooper, a senior manager at Motorola, made the world’s first
mobile phone call. He did this by calling their rival telecommunications company and
properly informed them that he was making the call from a mobile phone.
- The mobile phone used by Cooper weighed 1.1 kilograms and measured 228.6 x 127 x
44.4 millimeters. It is capable of 30-minute talk time and takes 10 hours to charge.
- In 1983, Motorola made their first commercial mobile phone available to the public
known as the Motorola DynaTAC 8000X.
• Facts about Filipinos and their use of gadgets and the Internet
a. Mobile phone subscription is at 119 million
b. Filipinos spend approximately 3.2 hours on mobile and 5.2 hours on desktop
c. Currently, the Philippine has one of the highest digital population in the world
d. There are now 47 million active Facebook accounts in the Philippines
e. The Philippines is the fastest-growing application market in Southeast Asia
b. Law Two
- A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where
such orders would conflict with the First Law
c. Law Three
- A robot must protect its own existence as long as such existence does
not conflict with the First and Second Law