CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Lack of classroom materials is one of the problems that our public school has. Because of

these problems, teachers and students are spending their own money in buying materials that will

sustain the productivity of the classroom. Lack of classroom materials has a big impact in the

process of Teaching and Learning. Through this problem teaching learning process will not

become productive and conducive. Classrooms lack basic materials that the teacher need. Many

classroom lacks of enough books, laboratory and technology to provide same instruction offered

at schools with greater resources. Lack of books translates into an inability for students to take

books for homework. Lack of classroom materials is a negative cycle. Without materials, the

work doesn’t get done, and without the work there is little incentive to buy into school at all

supplies don’t get purchased.

“Everything sends a message. When school doesn’t have supplies, the message is that the

students are not important people doing important work. Our students already have doubts about

their importance and the value of school. The children without pencil learn to pretend that they

don’t care about being prepared, but it is clearly a source of stress. When you’ve lost your last

pencil, it’s hard not to feel like a loser. Conversely, having a pencil to lend is a social plus. I have

purchased countless supplies for my student over the years. Receiving these things from a

teacher feels special to students. It’s a practical and tangible expression of care and affection”.

Said by Lynn Yellen. It means that these problem calls an attention to our government. We must
be a resourceful teacher to find out alternate solution. In this case we are the one who provides

the materials that are not available to maintain a learning environment of the classroom.

High school and senior teachers spend more of their own money on materials. This is because

they do more hands on activities. Teachers already aren’t the most paid workers, but they spend

the most money out of their pocket. This is true dedication. They see the need that these students

need. Teachers are taking away from their selves and their family to pay for your students. They

are provided the supplies that your children need and the parents aren’t picking up the slack.

When the economy is in a recession like it is now, the schools systems are lacking more and

more. Teachers today are buying supplies for their student in order for their student to get the

best education that they believe that their students deserve.

This research will be an avenue for the reader to know the lack of school supplies in the

school. The students’ personal school supplies and the teachers’ access to supplies are both

included in this research. I want to discuss how by not having certain school supplies the

students are not receiving the best possible education that they could be. This topic is very dear

to me and I see the effects on the students. I hope to influence all who read my research to think

about helping the school system and how one supply in the school could change the learning

experience for a student. I suggest in this problem is to have a Teacher Mini Grants Program. In

this program or charitable it gives a funds for them to buy the needed classroom materials. In a

practical way our government should focus on this issue and to find solution in this problem. So

we can be able to have a quality education.

Statement of the Problem

The General Problem of this study;

How does lack of school supplies affect Teaching Learning Process?

Specifically the study will seek to answer the following question;

1. What are the condition of students in Mapaniqui High School in facing lack of school

supplies in terms of;

1.1 Books

1.2 First aid kit

1.3 Technology

2. What is the level of the mode of manifestation of lack of school supplies as to;

2.1 Examination

2.2 Performance

2.3 Interest

2.4 Other outputs

3. Is there a significant effect between lack of school supplies and the process of teaching

and learning?

Significance of the study

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of lack of school supplies in teaching

learning process.

The following will be benefited the study like students, parents, administrators, teacher

and future researcher.

 Students are the most important person in teaching. Without students teaching learning

process will not take place. Students are the one who receives information and knowledge on

their teacher. But if the school is facing lack of school supplies, then education will not become

market place of idea. Even we lack school supplies if the students are not listening to their

teacher, then they cannot be able to learn. That’s why the teacher tells to his/her students to pass

different materials like cartolina, Manila paper, colored paper etc. Through this strategy, lack of

school supplies is being sustained with the help of his/her students. The students should know the

importance of education. Even we encounter different problem in school like lack of school

supplies. The students should have a right values and work, so they can gather lots of

information.

Parents are the one who provide the needs of her children. In school parents are

monitoring the growth and development of their child. The parents can help the school by

donating different instructional materials. In this way they are showing their support. The parents

should know these problems. In a sense that they are aware that lacking of school supplies is the

most problem that the school have. Through this way there are not just aware on their child’s

performance but rather the school condition. It is important that they know this, so at least they

can help the school in a simple way. These small things are a big help for the improvement of the

school. The involvement of the parents to the teacher up to the school is an important matter that

they should know.

Administrators are the one who administer the school. The role of administrators is to

know, the problems that the teacher encounter. Administrators are the one who make solution on

a particular problem. A good administrator will lead to a good school. Even though we have

good administrator, lack of school supplies is the hardest problem to solve. We know that we
also lack funds to buy the needed materials in teaching. If the administrator will call help to other

person, then this problem will be possible to solve. In this thing, the administrators are doing

something to sustain the needs of the school. Administrators are the one who maintain the

productivity of the school. That’s why they are called administrators, because they are the one

who leads the improvement of education in their school.

Teachers are a key factor in teaching. Without teacher the learners will not gain and

gather information. In this problem the teacher is the most affected person. If the teacher is a

resourceful person, then this problem will be solved. It is important that we us a teacher must

make an alternate solution or ways on how to sustain our needs in teaching. Through this ways

teaching learning process will become productive and conducive. The teacher is the one who buy

materials that are not available in school. Teachers are spending their own money not just for the

materials, but also the things of her pupils. Through this way the teacher are showing love and

care to his/her students and to the profession that he/she have now. We know that classroom

supplies are the important material in teaching. Without these materials learning cannot take

place.

Future researcher is the one who gather and know the problems that he/she seen in a

public school. The future researcher can use this study to become his/her guide in conducting

research work. It is important that this study will know the future teachers, so they can easily

embrace and accept teaching as their profession.

Scope and Delimitation

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of lack of school supplies in teaching

learning process. The condition of students in Mapaniqui High School in facing lack of school
supplies in terms of books, laboratory, library, first aid kit and technology. The level of the mode

of manifestation of lack of school supplies as to examination, performance, interest and other

outputs.

The respondent of the study is the students of Mapaniqui High School.

The research will be conducted for five months (5) from November to March to gather

information regarding the lack of classroom materials in mapaniqui high school in the academic

performance
 Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

RELATED LITERATURE

Foreign Literature

According to eLearning Industry (2016) Learning cannot be implemented at schools per

curriculum if there is no availability of learning materials and training of the respective people.

Most schools (i.e. many of the schools are private) have adopted Learning as a new approach to

teaching and learning. However, the Learning implementation challenges faced by schools have

constantly impact negatively on its successful utilization. In the 21th century, Learning has

become important and the driving force; and not only in the education department. This

encourages students to take responsibility for their own learning to build self-confidence. It also

motivates the teachers to enjoy what they are paid to do and acquire more knowledge.

Akinleye (2010) attested that effective teaching and learning requires a teacher to teach the

students with instructional materials and use practical activities to make learning more vivid,

logical, realistic and pragmatic.

According to Talmadge&Eash (1979) Instructional techniques are important, but the use of

instructional materials also influences student achievement, use of process skills, and other

outcomes. Instructional materials provide the physical media through which the intents of the

curriculum are experienced.

Local Literature

According to Jennifer Marbas The importance of Instructional Materials or Educational

resources is to improve students’ knowledge, abilities, and skills, to monitor their assimilation of

information, and to contribute to theiroverall development and upbringing. It also clarifies

important concepts to arouse and sustain student’s interests, give all students in a class the

opportunity to share experiences necessary for new learning, help make learning more

permanent.

According to Ligaya Leah Figueroa ( 2016) Since the effect on academic achievement varies

depending on the social and economic infrastructure, the provision of school facilities should be

based on the unique needs of each community. A decentralized approach is beneficial for the

management of school facilities in the Philippines where education resources are limited.

According to Mark Anthony Mallorca (2017) Philippines are not ready for basic education

program K-12 curriculum. The unavailability of learning materials is just one of the problem of

K-12 curriculum, but the problem of K-12 curriculum are not end from that. When Senior high

start, most of school needs Facilities , chairs , books and equipment for the specialization

specially public school. Therefore we can say that all school are not ready for k-12 curriculum,

specially public school who have TVL track that needs facilities and equipment for the study.

Thats why government must prioritize the school needed. Give more attention the public school

who has a higher number of population. Help the Department of education to build a new

buildings for the facilities of the students. Give more budget for the equipment and materials

needs of the school for teaching . So that the first generation of K-12 curriculum make successful

and to say that our country are ready for Basic education program k-12 curriculum
RELATED STUDIES

Foreign Studies

According to Thompson and Poppen (1972) stated that learning contracts allow the teacher to

initiate a number of learning strategies. These learning strategies focus on the students as the

individuals responsible for: “(a) making choices about meeting learning objectives; (b) making

commitments to complete personal learning goals; (c) learning through independent learning

activities; (d) using learning styles to develop alternatives to learning; (e) working cooperatively

with peers; (f) sensing a freedom from threat of failure; (g) identifying the area where the task is

challenging; (h) finding the opportunity for stimulating learning experiences; (i) completing

course objectives; and (k) connecting the learning process to real-life encounters” ..

According to (Merriam and Caffarella,1999, p. 252) Instructional materials, including textbooks,

educational media (library media print, nonprint, and electronic resources), computer software,

videotapes, films, DVDs, and instructional television programs represent fundamental resources

for schools for enhancing instruction, furthering the pursuit of knowledge, and providing

experiences of educational significance for class groups or for individual students. It is the

shared responsibility of the State and District to provide an adequate number and range of

instructional materials and resources in a variety of formats that are appropriate, timely, and

essential to the attainment of specified educational objectives. It is also the responsibility of the

State and District to provide instructional materials that are free of bias, stereotypes, distortions,

and prejudices.
According to Becker (1994, p. 141) in one of his studies found out a common characteristic

among 516 exemplary teachers, who have been using computer based instructional materials

with great comfort.

Local Studies

According to Prince incorporated different forms of active learning and used activities

intermittently in the lecture. While instructors often feel that individual work and competition

between students is the best way to motivate students, there is significant evidence that

collaborative and cooperative environments are extremely desirable . Use of collaborative

learning in class improves siudent to student interaction and increases students interest in class .

Studies suggest increasing motivation among students for the subject and collaborative learning

in classroom could help reduce high dropout rates.

Based on research findings of the Department of Education (1999), public schools struggle when

it comes to the availability of appropriate, useful, and quality school facilities on teaching and

learning. Moreover, in 2002, Schneider heavily underscored that a large proportion of school

facilities in the Philippines are approximately fifty years old and are typically in poor conditions.

This finding was backed up by Filardo (2008) when he noted that public schools are constantly

confronted with out-of-date designs, deteriorating conditions, and changing utilization pressures.

The problem then is clearly visible-deficiencies in the physical school facilities result to serious

ramifications in student learning and achievement, impairment of teaching standards, and

persistence of health and safety problems for members of the faculty, as well as the students.

Aggravating these issues is the inability of the authorities concerned to generate actions that

purport to support the procurement of modern and relevant facility. likewise to train personnel in

the management of these resources. Poor condition of school facilities brings about critical
concerns on teachers' and students' general welfare. Consequently, it becomes imperative that the

functions school fadlities fulfill in in the student acquisition and learning of life-long knowledge

and skill competencies should be taken into account by policy makers and administrators when

designing a curriculum that provides equitable and efficient education. Stakeholders should

realize that there exists an obvious, direct relationship between student performance and

achievement and the quality of school facilities.