saklviTüal½yPUminÞPñMeBj

ed)a:tWm:g;KImI
bMENgEckkmµviFIsikSa
KImI qñaMTI4 qmasTI2
1> muxviCa¢ ³ KImIBN_
- cMnYneRkDIt³ 3
- cMnYnem:agsrub³ 48
- cMnYns)aþh_³ 16
- cMnYnem:agkñúgmYys)aþh_³ 3

2> eKalbMNg
enAcugbBa©b;énmuxviC¢aenH
nisSitGac³
- Bnül;BImUldæanRKwHTak;Tgnwg
BnøW BN’ nigGnþrkmµrbs;BYkva
- kMNt;bBaØtiBN’
nigmUlehtubNþaleGaymanBN’
- briyayBN’tamRkUm:aTIsuIFI
nigsikSaBIlkçN³rbs;BnøW
- Bnül;BI)atuPUt Incandescence

nigRbPBrbs;BnøW Incandescence

RBmTaMgkarGnuvtþ
- briyayBIBN’Edl)anmkBI Vibration and Simple Excitation
- Bnül;BI)atuPUtbegáItBnøWenAkñúgG
MBUl briyakas nigLaEs‘r
- Bnül;BI)atuPUtBN’begáItBI Vibration and Rotation
nigBnül;BI)atuPUt Fluorescence nig Phosphorescence
RBmTaMgkarGnuvtþrbs;BYkva.
 - Bnül;BI)atuPUtBN’Tak;Tgnwg Ligand Field Effect
nigGacbgðajBImUlehtueFVIeGay Ruby,

Emerald nig Alexandrite manBN’.

- Bnül;BI)atuPUtBN’Tak;TgnwgsmasFat
usrIragÁ
nigeGay]TahrN_GMBIlkçN_srIragÁmYy
cMnYn

3> xøwmsarmuxviC¢a
KImIBN’KWCamuxviC¢a3-
eRkDItsRmab;nisSitGb;rMviTüasa®sþfña
k;briBaØabRtKImI. vaKWCamuxviC¢a
smahv½NénmuxviC¢aKImI nigrUbviTüa.
eKalbMNgd¾sMxan;énmuxviC¢aenH
KWEsVgyl;BImUlehtuTaMgLay
EdlbgáeGaymanBN’kñúgRbB½n§FmµCat
i nigTak;TgnwgCIvPaBrs;enA.

4> bøg;emeron
s)aþ matika skmµPaB
h_
1-3 CMBUkTI1 ³ - beRgon
mUldæanRKwH ³ nigeron
BnøW BN’ -
nigGnþrkmµ edaHRsays
1> esckþIepþIm MnYr
2> s,ic niglMhat;
nigBnøWBN’ - BiPakSa
3> BN’vtßú nigedaHRsa
4> karemIleXIjBN’ ysMnYr
 5> lkçN³rbs;BnøW
6> BnøW nigfamBl
7> Gnþrkmµrbs;B niglMhat;Gn
nøWCamYynwgbN uvtþtamRku
þúMrUbFatu mtUc²
8> Gnþrkmµrbs;BnøW -
CamYym:UelKul kic©karpÞH
GatUm nig
eGLicRtug

- beRgon
nigeron
-
CMBUkTI2 ³ edaHRsays
BN’Tak;Tgnwg Vibration and MnYr
Simple Excitation niglMhat;
1> Incandescence
- BiPakSa
4-5 2> karbeBa©jBnøWBI
black body nigedaHRsa
3> RbPBBnøW Incandescence ysMnYr
4> Pyrotechnics
niglMhat;Gn
uvtþtamRku
mtUc²
-
kic©karpÞH
6-7 CMBUkTI3 ³
BN’begáItedayrMj½r] - beRgon
sµ½n nigeron
1> esckþIepþIm -
2> kg;ta nigrMj½r edaHRsays
 3> karbegáItBN’G MnYr
NþatePøIg niglMhat;
4> GMBUlenGug - BiPakSa
5> GMBUlcMhay nigedaHRsa
6> epøkbenÞar ysMnYr
nigkUr:UNa niglMhat;Gn
7> LaEs‘r]sµ½n uvtþtamRku
mtUc²
RblgBak;kNþalqma -
s kic©karpÞH
CMBUkTI4 ³ - beRgon
BN’begáItedayrMj½r nigeron
nigrgVil -
1> esckþIepþIm edaHRsays
MnYr
2> Combination Electronic-Vibration-Rotation Colors
3> Fluorescence and Phosphorescence
4> Vibrations in Water and Ice
niglMhat;
- BiPakSa
9-10
nigedaHRsa
ysMnYr
niglMhat;Gn
uvtþtamRku
mtUc²
-
kic©karpÞH
11- CMBUkTI5 ³
12 BN’begáItedayelah³q - beRgon
øg nigeron
kñúgEdnlIkg; -
1> esckþIepþIm edaHRsays
 2> karcgsm<½n§k MnYr
Uva:Lg; niglMhat;
nigGuIy:ug - BiPakSa
3> karcgsm<½n§enA nigedaHRsa
kñúg corundum ysMnYr
4> RkUm nigBN’rbs; niglMhat;Gn
Ruby

5> RkUm nigBN’rbs; uvtþtamRku

Emerald mtUc²
6> RkUm nigBN’rbs; -
Alexandrite
kic©karpÞH
13- CMBUkTI6 ³ - beRgon
16 BN’rbs;smasFatusrIra nigeron
gÁ -
1> eKalkarN_RKw edaHRsays
Hrbs;BN’ MnYr
2> TMnak;TMngrv niglMhat;
agTMrg;KImI - BiPakSa
nigBN’ nigedaHRsa
3> viFIsaRsþKImIs ysMnYr
Mrab;Bnül;BIsMrU niglMhat;Gn
bBnøW niglkçN³ uvtþtamRku
epSgeTotrbs;sarFa mtUc²
tuBN’ -
4> karbriyaysMrU kic©karpÞH
bBnøWrbs;l½x
5> \
T§iBlénTItaMgRku
mCYselIs,icrbs;
smasFatuGar:Um:
 aTic
6> l½xb:UlIEGn
nigb:UlIemTIn
7> l½xDI
nigRTIemTIn
nigRslay Aza
rbs;BYkva
8> l½xAza[18] annulenes
9> l½x nIRtU
nignIRtUsU
RblgbBa©b;

5> viFIsa®sþbeRgon

karbeRgonRbRBwtþieTAedayeRbIviFIsa®
sþcRmuHdUcxageRkam³
- bTbgðaj nigBnül;

- shkarN_ nigBiPakSa

- Gnuvtþn_ nigkic©karRsavRCav

6> rgVaytémø
edIm,Ivas;sÞg;smtßPaBénkaryl;dwgrbs;
nisSitkñúgvKÁsikSa karvaytémøman³
- vtþman nigskmµPaBkñúgfñak;

10%
- sMNYrsesr nigkic©karRsavRCav

20%
- karRbLgBak;kNþalmas 30%
- RbLgRbcaMqmas 40%
7> Éksareyag
- Kurt Nassau (1983), The Physics and Chemistry of Color, John Wiley&Sons, Inc.
Canada.

&?'