2 Going Green

Unit Objectives (page 21) PHRASAL VERBS WITH MULTIPLE

MEANINGS
1. Caption a: Cartoon 3
Because of deforestation, people no longer know 3. 1. break down 1. c 2. a 3. b
what trees are. Ironically, the students are sitting on 2. bring up 1. a 2. b
tree stumps. 3. pick up 1. b 2. c 3. a
Caption b: Cartoon 1 4. 1. pick … up 4. brought up
Fish are disappearing as a result of water pollution, 2. broke down 5. broken down
created here by the fishermen themselves.
3. bring up 6. picked up
Caption c: Cartoon 2
Because of global warming, temperatures are rising
in the Arctic, destroying polar bears’ habitat. Topic Vocabulary (page 25)
2. Cartoon 1: water pollution THE ENVIRONMENT
Cartoon 2: global warming
Cartoon 3: deforestation 1. 1. crops 5. harmful
2. pollution 6. environmentally friendly
3. banned 7. used up
READING (page 22)
4. fuel 8. destroyed
1. 1. A large part of the Pacific Ocean is covered with
plastic and trash from Asia and North America. 2. 1. a 3. a 5. b 7. a
This is destroying marine life in the area. 2. b 4. b 6. a 8. b
2. The only solution is eliminating the origin of the
problem: changing the way we produce plastics IDIOMS
and reducing the amount of plastic that we
consume. 3. 1. The sky’s the limit
2. down to earth
3. 1. False 3. False 5. True
3. make waves
2. True 4. False 6. False
4. making a mountain out of a molehill
4. 1. a 2. d 3. b 5. the tip of the iceberg
5. b. This is the best alternative title because the main 6. a breath of fresh air
purpose of the writer is to make us conscious of 7. vanish into thin air
this environmental disaster in the Pacific Ocean. 8. a drop in the ocean
6. 1. lacks (line 7) 4. desired (line 35) 4. 1. fuel 5. emit
2. growing (line 18) 5. cut down (line 37) 2. carbon dioxide 6. pollution
3. tiny (line 30) 3. greenhouse effect 7. carbon footprint
4. harmful 8. banned
VOCABULARY (page 24)
GRAMMAR (page 26)
Words from the Text MODALS
1. 1. belly 5. voyage be able to, have to, need to, don’t have to
2. devote 6. wiped out
MODAL PERFECTS
3. cut down 7. short cut
4. trash 8. Debris 1. must have (example b)
2. 1. nightmare 5. made their way 2. may / might have (example e)
2. ingest 6. amount 3. could have (example d)
3. avoid 7. lack 4. would have (example c)
4. halfway 8. inhabit 5. should have (example a)
6. needn’t have (example g)
7. couldn’t have (example f)

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SHOULD / HAD BETTER
Grammar Review
1. b 2. a
8. 1. I don’t feel like going out.
1. 1. don’t have to 5. be able to 2. She has been talking on the phone for an hour.
2. Would 6. might 3. You’d better not spend any more money.
3. can’t 7. ought to 4. She can’t be in love with him.
4. mustn’t 8. Shall 5. By the time he arrived, I had been waiting for
2. 1. might drop 5. May I help three hours.
2. needn’t explain 6. could have joined 6. Carl must have given me his address.
3. must have solved 7. should come
4. shouldn’t have opened 8. might have left SKILLS (page 28)
3. 1. can’t see 5. might not have heard LISTENING
2. should have revised 6. would have called
3. must be 7. Will … be able to find
A CONVERSATION
4. must have been 8. may have forgotten 1. Possible Answers
page 27 The Amazon rainforest is the biggest forest in the
world.
4. Possible Answers
Rainforests are important to us because they help
1. I shouldn’t have eaten three pieces of cake. regulate our climate and purify the atmosphere.
2. She may not have heard the phone.
3. She could have bought a more expensive car. 2. 1. Jason is on his way to a protest.
4. The dog must have eaten the meat. 2. She thinks protests never work and they just
make you look stupid.
5. You needn’t have washed the floor.
3. They are people from Greenpeace protesting at
6. I would have printed this but my printer wasn’t
McDonald’s restaurants all over Britain.
working.
7. She couldn’t have done the job alone. 3. 1. satellite photos 4. soya growers
5. 1. had to 5. may 2. deforestation 5. fast food chains
2. would have finished 6. must reduce 3. investigate 6. Millions of chickens
3. should have brought 7. should listen 4. 1. False. The protesters were trying to make people
4. couldn’t go 8. can’t allow aware that fast food restaurants were causing
deforestation.
6. 1. We had better stop.
2. False. Thousands of people wrote to McDonald’s
2. You’d better not bother her.
asking them to stop destroying the rainforest.
3. You’d better not forget to bring it.
3. True.
4. You had better read it.
4. True.
5. We’d better not touch it.
5. False. The soya growers signed a moratorium and
7. Possible Answers agreed to stop cutting down trees.
1. There’s a hurricane coming. We’d better buy 6. True.
enough supplies.
2. There’s no lifeguard here. You’d better not swim
now.
SPEAKING (page 29)
3. A new family has moved in next door. We should REACHING A DECISION
take them a cake.
4. My bus leaves at exactly 5.00. I should leave 2. Dialogue 1
home by 4.45. Solar panels. They don’t reach a decision.
5. That colour doesn’t suit her. She should wear Dialogue 2
something different. Banning plastic bags. They don’t reach a decision.
Dialogue 3
Recycling water. They don’t reach a decision.
Dialogue 4
1. Fran must be glad you’re here. Bicycle campaign. They reach a decision.
2. You should bring a camera.
3. Van Gogh may not have painted this.
4. You needn’t have tried so hard.
5. Paul shouldn’t have said that.

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3. To agree page 31
I hadn’t thought of that.
4. Formal language
You’ve got a point.
I would appreciate a prompt reply.
You’re right.
I urge you to …
I see what you mean.
Unbelievable as it may sound, …
To disagree
I was glad to receive your last letter.
Not really.
I strongly disagree.
Oh, come on!
Informal language
That’s true, but …
I really think you should …
To reach a decision
It was great hearing from you!
All right then, let’s …
Guess what?
OK. So we’ve decided …
Can’t wait to hear from you!
I can’t believe you said …
WRITING (page 30) 5. Possible Answers
1. Informal – Guess what?
A Formal Letter / E-mail 2. Formal – I would appreciate a prompt reply.
3. Formal – I urge you to
4. Informal – can’t wait to hear from you!
5. Informal – I can’t believe you said
1. The writer wants to complain about the 6. Formal – Unbelievable as it may sound
construction of a new motorway around her city. 7. Formal – I strongly disagree.
2. The problem is that a large area of green open 8. Informal – I really think you should
space would be covered in asphalt.
The writer is concerned because forests, plants Your Task
and the area’s wildlife would be destroyed.
Besides, the motorway would encourage the WRITING A LETTER OF COMPLAINT
use of cars, increasing global warming and air
pollution. 1. overuse of water in city parks (b)
3. The writer wants this idea to be rejected and 2. insufficient public transport / cycle paths (c)
suggests local authorities use the money to
3. building on and destruction of green areas (a)
improve public transport and build bicycle lanes.
4. too much litter / pollution (d)
She writes this in the last paragraph.
1. 1. 30th November 2010
2. Dear Sir or Madam,
Improve Your Style
3. 27 Walnut Lane, Ifield, Sussex 1. Using a computer is faster than writing by hand.
4. I look forward to your reply. 2. Ronda has got a sense of humour, a lovely
5. Town Planning Department, Town Hall personality and artisitic talent.
6. Yours faithfully, 3. Janet’s marks are higher than Ellen’s.
FORMAL AND INFORMAL LANGUAGE 4. I have to feed the dog, tidy my room and do my
homework.
2. • does not contain contractions (don’t, isn’t, etc) 5. He’s been a great role model, a true friend and
• is usually written to someone the writer does not a fantastic teacher.
know 6. Speaking and writing well are important
• ends with Yours sincerely / Yours faithfully language skills. / To speak well and write well are
• does not contain exclamation marks important language skills.
• makes frequent use of the passive
3. Hi Alice! � Dear Sir or Madam,
to tell them that I’m really worried about � to
express my concern regarding
How about � I strongly urge you to
drop � reject
Write back soon! � I look forward to your reply.
See you, � Yours faithfully,

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LIFE SKILLS (page 32)

POWERPOINT PRESENTATIONS
TASK QUESTIONS

Slide A
Good point: The background colour of the slide
contrasts well with the font colour.
Bad points: The material is written in full sentences;
there is too much information on the slide; the font
size is too small; the slide does not have a title.
Slide B
Good points: The font size is large and clear; the
material is written in point form, not full sentences;
the slide has a title.
Bad point: There is not a good contrast between the
background colour and the font colour.
Slide C
Good points: The slide has a title; the background
colour and the font colour are a good contrast.
Bad point: The information would be easier to
understand if it were presented in the form of a
graph or chart.

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