A MINI PROJECT REPORT ON

COLLEGES NEWS HUB

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

The Award of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

BY

G.BHARGAVI (16C31A0541)

K.DEEKSHITH REDDY (16C31A0553)

G.SAIDEEP REDDY (16C31A0537)

B.MOUNIKA (16C31A0518)

UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF

B. SRIDEVI

Associate Professor

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

BALAJI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE

Accredited by NBA (UG-CE, ECE, ME, CSE Programmers) & NAAC
(Affiliated to JNTU Hyderabad and Approved by the AICTE, New Delhi)

NARSAMPET, WARANGAL – 506331.

2019-2020
 BALAJI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE
Accredited by NBA (UG-CE, ECE, ME, CSE Programmers) & NAAC
(Affiliated to JNTU Hyderabad and Approved by the AICTE, New Delhi)
NARSAMPET, WARANGAL – 506331.

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that G.BHARGAVI(16C31A0541) along with batch mates

K.DEEKSHITH REDDY(16C31A0553), G.SAIDEEP REDDY (16C31A0537) and
B.MOUNIKA(16C31A0518) of B. Tech IV/I has satisfactorily completed the Mini Project
entitled “COLLEGES NEWS HUB” , in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science and Engineering from
Balaji Institute of Technology & Science during academic year 2019-20.

B. Sridevi Dr.K.Srinivas

Assoc. Prof. Associate Professor &head

Department of CSE Department of CSE.

BITS, Narsampet-506331 BITS, Narsampet-506331

External Examiner
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I heartily thank to our Prinicpal Dr.V.S.HARIHARAN for giving this great

opportunity and his support to complete my project.

I thank H.O.D Dr. Kande Srinivas for his effort and guidance and all senior faculty
members of CSE Department for their help during my course. Thanks to programmers and
non-teaching staff of C.S.E Department of our college.

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my internal guide, B.Sridevi whose

knowledge and guidance has motivated me to achieve goals I never thought possible. She has
consistently been a source of motivation, encouragement, and inspiration. The time I have
spent working under his supervision has truly been a pleasure.

I would to appreciate the guidance given by project coordinator as well as the panels
especially in my project presentation that has improved my presentation skills by their
comment and tips.

Finally Special thanks to my parents for their support and encouragement throughout
my life and this course. Thanks to all my friends and well wishers for their constant support.

G.BHARGAVI (16C31A0541)

K.DEEKSHITH REDDY (16C31A0553)

G.SAIDEEP REDDY (16C31A0537)

B. MOUNIKA (16C31A0518)
 ABSRACT
Colleges News Hub it is an Online Notifications where users can access the information
quickly not only in particular premises also whenever and wherever they need to know. It is
a place where people can know any type of messages, notifications for example to advertise
things, events or provide any information from different colleges. It can be placed on digital
devices such as computers, mobile phones, tabs etc…the main aim of this colleges news is
making information dissemination much easier in paperless community as world tends to
interact with the online facility. And here the admin sends the notifications to registered
student via coordinators from the different colleges regarding workshops, events,
placements etc. Registration links are provided so students can view and register for
particular events, placements etc. Web application uploaded based on the student
preferences with respect to different colleges through online. The admin has overall rights
over the system and can moderate and delete any details not pertaining to college rules.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

SNO CONTENTS PAGENO.

1. Introduction……………………….
1.1 Introduction……………………
1.2 Problem statement……………...
1.3 Background……………………
1.3.1Benefits of Colleges news hub…..
1.3.2 Objective……
1.4. Purpose and Scope……
1.4.1 Purpose…………………………
1.4.2 Scope…………………………….
2. System Analysis……………………………….
2.1 Introduction……………………………..
2.2 Analysis Model………………………….
2.3 Hardware And Software Requirements…..
2.4 Existing System………………….
2.5 Proposed System……………….
2.6 Input Design And Output Design……..
2.7 Modules…..
3. Feasibility Report……………………………
3.1 Feasibility Study………………….
3.1.1 Operational Feasibility……….
3.1.2 Technical Feasibility…………..
3.1.3 Financial and Economic Feasibility……..
3.1.4 Handling InFeasible Projects………….
4.Requirement Analysis……………………
4.1 Functional Requirements…………
4.2 Non Functional Requirements……..
5. Software Environment………………..
5.1 PHP……………………………….
5.1.1 PHP Syntax…………..
 5.1.2 working of PHP……….
5.1.3 Connecting PHP Application to MYSQL database….
5.1.4 Introduction to MYSQL……………….
6. System Design………………………………………..
6.1introduction………………………..
6.2 E-R Diagram …………………….
6.3 UML Diagrams…………………….
6.3.1Class Diagram……………………
6.3.2 Use case Diagram……………….
6.3.3 Sequence Diagram………………...
6.3.4 State chart Diagram…………………
7. Sample Code………………………….
8. Output Screen…………………………
9. Implementation and Testing………………………….
9.1 Implementation……………………………..
9.2 Testing……………………………………..
 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION:
This Project Colleges News Hub has been developed on html, MYSQL database. The
main objective for developing this project System is to providing the information of different
colleges. This project manages all the details of college students and coordinators.
Coordinators are going to post the information. In this system student can view the
information or notifications regarding the events, placements, workshops.
1.2PROBLEM STATEMENT:
To develop an web application that allows students to access the different college
activities and notifications of upcoming events. The time of advertising colleges are handled
manually to share information to other college students which is very slow at consuming
much efforts. This process is so difficult. By using this, In existing system the process is so
tedious and time consuming and this process becomes more difficult to share information.

1.3 BACKGROUND:

1.3.1 BENEFITS OF COLLEGES NEWS HUB:

 Colleges News Hub usability is fully capable of passing relevant notices and
announcements and keeping information update time to time. This in turn turns to
be useful in reduced manpower effort and time as well.
 The students are kept updated each time with this the college is uploaded based on
student preferences with respect to the colleges through online.
 This is one of the application to improve the usage of announcements, advertising
etc of the college by making it online.
 In this all the updates like view, delete, add are done by admin.so the user get
updated current information through online.
1.3.2 OBJECTIVE

1. The main aim of this colleges news is making information dissemination much
easier in paperless community as world tends to interact with the online facility.
2. Some results of this system will be:
 Information sharing
 Storing the student data
 View the notifications
 Increase networking

3. It is all done online without much time consuming.

1.4 PURPOSE AND SCOPE

1.4.1 PURPOSE:

 The purpose of this project is :

 Maintain the individual student record.
 Maintain section wise student details.
 Maintaining the individual coordinators record.
 Allow online registration to view the notifications.
 Students will access information through online.

1.4.2 SCOPE:

It may help collecting information in details. In a very short time, the collection
will be obvious, simple and sensible through coordinators. It also helps in current all
works relative to Colleges.
 In computer system the person has to fill the registration form and user can
access information through online.
 It satisfy the user requirements.
 Be easy to understand by the user and operator.
 Have a good user interface.
 Be expandable
\ 2. SYSTEM ANALYSIS

2.1 INTRODUCTION
After analyzing the requirements of the task to be performed, the next step is to
analyze the problem and understand its context. The first activity in the phase is studying the
existing system and other is to understand the requirements and domain of the new system.
Both the activites are equally important, but the first activity serves as a basis of giving the
functional specifications and then successful design of the proposed system. Understanding
the properties and requirements of a new system is more difficult and requires creative
thinking and understanding of existing running system is also difficult, improper
understanding of present system can lead diversion from solution.

2.2 ANALYSIS MODEL

The model that is basically being followed is the WATERFALL MODEL , which
states that the phases are organized in a linear order. First of all the feasibility study is done.
Once that part is over the requirement analysis and project planning begins. If system exists
one and modification and addition of new module is needed, analysis of present system can
be used as basic model.
The design starts after the requirement analysis is complete and the coding begins after
the design is complete. Once the programming is completed, the testing is done. In this model
the sequence of activities performed in a software development project are:-
 Requirement Analysis
 Project Planning
 System design
 Detail design
 Coding
 Unit testing
 System integration & testing
Here the linear ordering of these activities is critical. End of the phase and the output of the
one phase is the input of other phase. The output of each phase is to be consistent with the
overall requirement of the system. Some of the qualities of spiral model are also incorporated
like af ter the people concerned with the project review completion of each of the phase the
work done. WATERFALL MODEL was being chosen because all requirements were known
beforehand and the objective of our software development is the Colleges News Hub.

Fig2.2: Waterfall Model

2.3. HARDWARE & SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

Processor : Intel core 1 processor or above

RAM : 512 MB

Hard Disk : 50 GB

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

Front End Tool : PHP

Back End Tool : Mysql

Development Tool : WampServer

Browser : It can perform in any browser.
Operating System : Any operating system.
Documentation Tool : Microsoft office 2007
2.4 Existing System:
The students can’t know the information where the workshops, placements etc. In
various colleges the total work will be done through manual system like circulars and voice
announcements.
2.5 Proposed System:
To overcome the drawback of existing system we propose a new system. With this
application, every student in the college will access the application by username and
password. So that he can see the information about all placements, events, workshops etc.
students can view the notification details through online.

2.6 INPUT DESIGN & OUTPUT DESIGN

INPUT DESIGN
The input design is the link between the information system and the user. It comprises the
developing specification and procedures for data preparation and those steps are necessary to
put transaction data in to a usable form for processing can be achieved by inspecting the
computer to read data from a written or printed document. The design of input focuses on
controlling the amount of input required, controlling the errors, avoiding delay, avoiding
extra steps and keeping the process simple. The input is designed in such a way so that it
provides security and ease of use with retaining the privacy. Input Design considered the
following things:
 What data should be given as input?
 How the data should be arranged or coded?
 Methods for preparing input validations and steps to follow when error occur.
Objectives
1. Input Design is the process of converting a user-oriented description of the input into
a computer-based system. This design is important to avoid errors in the data input
process and show the correct direction to the management for getting correct
information from the system.
2. It is achieved by creating a user-friendly screen for the data entry to handle large
volume of data. The goal of designing input is to make data entry easier and to be free
from errors. The data entry screen is designed in such a way that all the data
manipulates can be performed.
3. When the data is entered it will check for its validity. Data can be entered with the
help of screens.

OUTPUT DESIGN
A quality output is one, which meets the requirements of the end user and presents the
information clearly. In any system results of processing are communicated to the users and to
other system through outputs. In output design it is determined how the information is to be
displaced for immediate need and also hard copy output. It is the most important and direct
source information to the user. Efficient and intelligent output design improves the system’s
relationship to help user decision-making.

2.7MODULES:
Admin
Coordinator
user
MODULE DESCRIPTION:
ADMIN LOGIN:
The admin need to login with username and password and the admin can add students
by providing the basic details like name, address, date of birth. Admin can add and delete
coordinators by providing the user id and password.
STUDENT LOGIN:
The student needs to be registered before getting a login. After login, the Student can
view the notifications about the college placements, events, workshops etc
COORDINATOR LOGIN:
In the coordinator has to login with username and password. After login the person sends
the notifications from different colleges
 3 FEASIBILITY REPORT

3.1 FEASIBILITY STUDY:

Feasibility Study is a preliminary study undertaken to determine and document a
project’s viability. The term feasibility study is also used to refer to the resulting document.
These results of this study are used to make a decision whether to proceed with the project ,
or table it. If it indeed leads to a project being approved, it will-before the real work of the
proposed project starts be used to ascertain the likelihood of the project’s success.
3.1.1 OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY:
It is to find out whether the current work practices and procedures support a new
system.
Also social factors i.e. how the organizational changes will affect the working lives of
thoseaffected by the system
3.1.2 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY:
This involves questions such as whether the technology needed for the system exists,
how difficult it will be to build, and whether the firm has enough experience using that
technology. The assessment is based on an outline design of system requirements in terms of
Input, Processes, Output, Fields, Programs, and Procedures. This can be qualified in terms of
volumes of data, trends, frequency of updating in order to give an introduction to the
technical system.
3.1.3 FINANCIAL ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY:
Establishing the cost-effectiveness of the proposed system i.e. if the benefits do not
outweigh the costs then it is not worth going ahead.
In the fast paced world today there is a great need of online social networking facilities. Thus
the benefits of this project in the current scenario make it economically feasible.
3.1.4 HANDLING INFEASIBLE PROJECTS:
We did not face any infeasibility during this project because we used NetBeans IDE 7.4
to build this project. We installed it in laptop easily because it is available free of cost.
Whenever we got errors or difficulties in project, our project guide helped and provided the
way to proceed. We completed project before deadline successfully.
 4 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION (SRS):

It is a detailed description of a software system to be developed with its functional

and non-functional requirements. The SRS is developed based the agreement between
customer and contractors. It may include the use cases of how user is going to interact with
software system. The software requirement specification document consistent of all necessary
requirements required for project development. To develop the software system we should
have clear understanding of Software system.

4.1 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS:

This requirements describe how a product must behave, what its features and
functions .This requirements are product features or functions that developers must
implement to enable users to accomplish their tasks .This requirements specifies criteria of
behavior of system.

FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR COLLEGES NEWS HUB:

 User can login to website.

 Each user have only one user id and password.

 User can view status of notifications.

 User can register for placements, events etc.

NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS :

This Requir ements describe the general characteristics of a system. They are also
known as quality attributes. This Requirements that specifies criteria that can be used
to judge the operation of a system, rather than specific behaviors.
NON FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR COLLEGES NEWS HUB:

 After registration only student can login.

 User have one user id and password by considering mail id.

 Notifications send by coordinator.

 Registration links provided by coordinator.

 5.SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENT

5.1.PHP(Hypertext Pre-processor)
Hypertext Pre-processor is a widely used, general-purpose scripting language that
was originally designed for web development to produce dynamic web pages. For this
purpose, PHP code is embedded into the HTML source document and interpreted by a
web server with a PHP processor module, which generates the web page document.

As a general-purpose programming language, PHP code is processed by an

interpreter application in command-line mode performing desired operating system
operations and producing program output on its standard output channel. It may also
function as a graphical application. PHP is available as a processor for most modern web
servers and as standalone interpreter on most operating systems and computing platforms.

PHP was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995 and has been in
continuous development ever since. The main implementation of PHP is now produced
by the PHP Group and serves as the de facto standard for PHP as there is no formal
specification. PHP is free software released under the PHP License.

PHP is a general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to server-side

web development where PHP generally runs on a web server. Any PHP code in a requested
file is executed by the PHP runtime, usually to create dynamic web page content. It can also
be used for command-line scripting and client-side GUI applications. PHP can be deployed
on most web servers, many operating systems and platforms, and can be used with many
relational database management systems. It is available free of charge, and the PHP Group
provides the complete source code for users to build, customize and extend for their own use.

Originally designed to create dynamic web pages, PHP now focuses mainly on
server side scripting, and it is similar to other server-side scripting languages that provide
dynamic conten t from a web server to a client, such as Microsoft's Active Server Pages,
Sun Microsystems’ Java Server Pages, and mod_perl. PHP has also attracted the
development of many frameworks that provide building blocks and a design structure to
promote rapid application development (RAD). Some of these include CakePHP,
 Symfony, Code Igniter and Zend Framework, offering features similar to other web
application frameworks.

5.1.1 PHP Syntax:

HTML and PHP code is written on the same page, and to distinguish PHP code
from HTML, the PHP code is enclosed within Tags.

For example:

<html>
<head><title>php basics</title></head>
<body>
<h2>HELLO</h1> <?php
echo "hello";
?>
</body>
</html>

In the above example PHP code is embedded within HTML. In this way PHP and
HTML coding is combined on the same page.

Since PHP is a server side scripting language, the PHP coding cannot be seen by the
end user through view source option, due to this feature PHP is very secure.

PHP is a parsed language; therefore PHP environment is necessary at the server for
running PHP scripts.

5.1.2 Working Of PHP:

When a client requests web page containing PHP code from the server, then the requested
PHP pages are parsed under PHP environment and interaction with database is made if
required.

After server side processing, the resulting HTML pages are passed to client and
displayed on the browser.
In this way the working of php is complete.

5.1.3 Connecting PHP Application to MySQL Database:

Make a connection variable to the database:

$con= mysql connect ("localhost”, “server name”, password");

Here $con is a connection variable to database.

Select database over that connection variable

$db=mysql_select_db("databasename",$con);

Prepare a sql query to execute:

$qry= Select * from abc; Run the sql query:

$result=mysql_query($qry);

Iterate over the result:

while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result))

//some logic

5.1.4 Introduction to MySQL:

MySQL is a relational database management system (RDBMS) that runs as a server

providing multi-user access to a number of databases. MySQL is officially pronounced
("My S-Q-L"), but is often pronounced ("My Sequel"). It is named for original developer
Michael Widenius's daughter My.
 The MySQL development project has made its source code available under the
terms of the GNU General Public License, as well as under a variety of proprietary
agreements.

MySQL is owned and sponsored by a single for-profit firm, the Swedish company
MySQL AB, now owned by Sun Microsystems, a subsidiary of Oracle Corporation.

MySQL code uses C and C++. The SQL parser uses yacc and a home-brewed
lexer, sql_lex.cc.

MySQL works on many different system platforms, including AIX, BSDi,

FreeBSD, HPUX, i5/OS, Linux, Mac OS X, NetBSD, Novell NetWare, OpenBSD,
OpenSolaris, eComStation, OS/2 Warp, QNX, IRIX, Solaris, Symbian, SunOS, SCO
OpenServer, SCO UnixWare, Sanos, Tru64 and Microsoft Windows. A port of MySQL
to OpenVMS also exists.

All major programming languages with language-specific APIs include Libraries for
accessing MySQL database. In addition, an ODBC interface called MyODBC allows
additional programming languages that support the ODBC interface to communicate with
a MySQL database, such as ASP or ColdFusion. The HTSQL - URL based query method
also ships with MySQL adapter allowing direct interaction with MySQL database from
any web client via structured URLs. The MySQL server and official libraries are mostly
implemented in ANSI C/ANSI C++.
 6.SYSTEM DESIGN
6.1. INTRODUCTION

Software design sits at the technical kernel of the software engineering process and
is applied regardless of the development paradigm and area of application. Design is the
first step in the development phase for any engineered product or system. The designer’s
goal is to produce a model or representation of an entity that will later be built.
Beginning, once system requirement have been specified and analyzed, system design is
the first of the three technical activities design, code and test that is required to build and
verify software.

During design, progressive refinement of the data structure, program structure, and
procedural details are developed reviewed and documented. System design can be viewed
from either technical or project management perspective. From the technical point of
view, design is comprised of four activities – architectural design, data structure design,
interface design and procedural design

6.2.E - R DIAGRAMS

The relation upon the system is structure through a conceptual ER-Diagram, which not
only specifies the existential entities but also the standard relations through which the system
exists.

ER diagram is a graphical representation of a system entities their attributes and the

relationship between them.

The set of primary components that are identified by the ERD are:

 Data object

 Relationships

 Attributes

 Various types of indicators

E - R Diagram

Fig 6.2.1 E-R Diagram

6.3UML DIAGRAMS

 It is a simple graphical formalism that can be used to represent a system in terms of

the input data to the system, various processing carried out on these data, and the
output data is generated by the system

.6.3.1 CLASS DIAGRAM

In software engineering, a class diagram in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a type
of static structure diagram that describes the structure of a system by showing the
system's classes, their attributes, operations (or methods), and the relationships among
objects.

In the diagram, classes are represented with boxes that contain three compartments:

 The top compartment contains the name of the class. It is printed in bold and centered,
and the first letter is capitalized.
 The middle compartment contains the attributes of the class. They are left-aligned and the
first letter is lowercase.
 The bottom compartment contains the operations the class can execute. They are also
left-aligned and the first letter is lowercase.
Fig 6.3.1 Class Diagram
6.3.2 USE CASE DIAGRAM

A use case diagram is a graph of actors, a set of use cases enclosed by a system
boundary, participation associations between the actors and the use cases, and generalization
among the use cases.

In general, the use case defines the outside(actors) and inside(use cases) of the
system’s typical behavior. A use case is shown as an ellipse containing the name of the use
case and is initiated by actors.

An actor is anything that interacts with a use case. This is symbolized by a

stick figure with the name of the actor.

Fig: 6.3.2 Usecase diagram

6.3.3. SEQUENCE DIAGRAM

A sequence diagram shows object interactions arranged in time sequence. It depicts the
objects and classes involved in the scenario and the sequence of messages exchanged
between the objects needed to carry out the functionality of scenario. The sequence diagram
has two dimensions: the vertical dimension represents the time, the horizontal dimension
represents different objects. The virtual line also called the objects’s lifeline represents the
object’s existence during the interaction.

Fig 6.3.3 Sequence Diagram

6.3.4 STATECHART DIAGRAM

A state diagram is a type of diagram used in computer science and related fields to
describe the behavior of systems. State diagrams require that the system described is
composed of a finite number of states; sometimes, this is indeed the case, while at other times
this is a reasonable abstraction. Many forms of state diagrams exist, which differ slightly and
have different semantics.

Fig 6.3.4 Statechart Diagram

8.OUTPUT SCREEN
 9.IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING
9.1 IMPLEMENTATION

The Colleges News Hub in used in the following modules that can be implemented.

Modules Details:

The Implemented modules in given below

1.login module.

2.registration module.

Login modules:

Login modules is implemented in the Colleges News Hub to only allowed a register
person. we have to use this module in security purpose related on the detail.

Registration modules:

The Colleges News Hub in Registration modules is used to collect the user personal
information. It has to collect the address, name, phone number also. The registration module
details are stored in the database.

9.2 TESTING
Testing is the process of detecting errors. Testing performs a very critical role for quality
assurance and for ensuring the reliability of software. The results of testing are used later on
during maintenance also.

Psychology of Testing

The aim of testing is often to demonstrate that a program works by showing that it has no
errors. The basic purpose of testing phase is to detect the errors that may be present in the
program. Hence one should not start testing with the intent of showing that a program works,
but the intent should be to show that a program doesn’t work. Testing is the process of
executing a program with the intent of finding errors.

Testing Objectives:

The main objective of testing is to uncover a host of errors, systematically and with
minimum effort and time. Stating formally, we can say

 Testing is a process of executing a program with the intent of finding an error.

 A successful test is one that uncovers an as yet undiscovered error.
 A good test case is one that has a high probability of finding error, if it exists.
 The tests are inadequate to detect possibly present errors.
 The software more or less confirms to the quality and reliable standards.

Levels of Testing:

In order to uncover the errors, present in different phases we have the concept of levels of
testing. The basic levels of testing are as shown below…

 Client Needs
 Requirements
 Design
 Code
 10 REFERENCES

Books Used:

• Software Engineering - R.S. Pressman

• PHP for Dummies

• PHP Beginners Guide by McGraw-Hill Publication

• JavaScript by McGraw-Hill Publication

Wikipedia.org

www.w3schools.com
 12. GLOSSARY

1. MB Megabytes

2. GB Gigabytes

3. SQL Structural Query language

4. Admin Administrator

5. RAM Random Access Memory

6. PHP Hypertext preprocessor

7. HTML Hypertext Markup Language