EECS 4215/5431 Problem Set 1

1. The received power of a signal is measured as 5W, 0.04W, and 0.005W at distances of
1m, 5m, and 10m from the receiver, respectively. What is the path loss exponent?

Solution:
1 𝑃 (𝑑 ) 𝑑 10 log 𝑃𝑟 (𝑑1 )−10 log 𝑃𝑟 (𝑑2 ) 6.99−(−13.98)
𝑃𝑟 (𝑑) ∝ (𝑑)𝛾 => 𝑃𝑟 (𝑑1) = (𝑑2)𝛾 => 𝛾 = 10 log 𝑑 −10 log 𝑑
= 6.99−0
=3
𝑟 2 1 2 1

2. In the spaces below, indicate the effect on the received power (in dB) when the
(carrier/center) frequency is consecutively changed from 2.1 GHz to 1.800 MHz, 900
MHz, and 850 MHz. Put your answers in the provided boxes. Don’t forget to show your
calculation.
2.1 GHz 1800 MHz 900 MHz 850 MHz

Solution:

1 𝑃𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑑 2 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑑

from the Friis Equation, 𝑃𝑟 ∝ 𝑓2 => 𝑃𝑜𝑙𝑑
=(
𝑓𝑛𝑒𝑤
) => 10 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑃𝑛𝑒𝑤 − 10 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑃𝑜𝑙𝑑 =20log
𝑓𝑛𝑒𝑤

3. Under the free-space PL model, how much received power is lost when the operating
frequency (carrier frequency) is changed from fc = 700MHz to fc = 1,800 MHz?

Solution:
1 𝑃𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑓 𝑓
from the Friis Equation, 𝑃𝑟 ∝ 𝑓2 => 𝑃𝑜𝑙𝑑
= (𝑓 𝑜𝑙𝑑 )2 => 10 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑃𝑛𝑒𝑤 − 10 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑃𝑜𝑙𝑑 =20log𝑓 𝑜𝑙𝑑
𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑛𝑒𝑤
𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑑 = 700𝑀𝐻𝑧, 𝑓𝑛𝑒𝑤 = 1800𝑀𝐻𝑧,
700
𝑃𝑟,𝑛𝑒𝑤 [𝑑𝐵] − 𝑃𝑟,𝑜𝑙𝑑 [𝑑𝐵] = 20𝑙𝑜𝑔 = −8.2 𝑑𝐵
1800
The loss in received power is 8.2 dB.

4. Let us take a look at the microwave ultra-wideband (UWB) impulse radio. UWB is a power-
limited technology in the unlicensed band of 3.1–10.6 GHz. For the multiband OFDM (MB-
 OFDM) UWB systems, there are 5 band groups whose centers are provided in Table 1
below.
Table 1: Relationship between center frequencies and coverage range for MB-OFDM
UWB systems.
Band Group Center frequency (MHz) Range (meter)
1 3,960 10
2 5,544
3 7,128
4 8,712
5 10,032

According to the Friis equation, given the same transmitted power, propagation
attenuation will be different for each band because they use different frequency. (This
variation of received signal strength can be a bothering factor.) If band group 1 can cover
10 meters, estimate the coverage ranges for other band groups in Table 1.
Show your calculation and explanation here but put your answers in Table 1.

Solution:
𝑘
from the Friis Equation 𝑃𝑟 = 𝑑2𝑓2 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑘 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡. 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑤𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑑1 𝑓1 = 𝑑𝑖 𝑓𝑖

𝑑1 𝑓1
𝑑1 = 10𝑚, 𝑓1 = 3960𝑀𝐻𝑧, => 𝑑𝑖 =
𝑓𝑖

𝑓2 = 5544𝑀𝐻𝑧 => 𝑑2 = 7.14𝑚

𝑓3 = 7128𝑀𝐻𝑧 => 𝑑3 = 5.56𝑚
𝑓4 = 8712𝑀𝐻𝑧 => 𝑑4 = 4.55𝑚
𝑓5 = 10032𝑀𝐻𝑧 => 𝑑5 = 3.95𝑚

5. Assume the transmitting power of 4 W at 1800 MHz, a shadow effect of 10.5 dB, and
the power at reference distance (d0 = 100 m) of -32 dBm. What is the path loss (in dB)
at a distance of 3 km from the transmitter if the path-loss exponent γ is 4.

Solution:
 6. The impulse response of a wireless channel has 5 components at 20 ns, 40 ns, 100 ns,
120 ns and 150 ns with respective relative powers of 0 dB, -10 dB, -15 dB, -20 dB and -25
dB. Find the maximum message bandwidth for this channel without leading into pulse
broadening.

Solution:
𝑃1 = 0 𝑑𝐵 = 1, 𝑃2 = −10 𝑑𝐵 = 0.1, 𝑃3 = −15 𝑑𝐵 = 0.032, 𝑃4 = −20 𝑑𝐵 = 0.01,
𝑃5 = −25𝑑𝐵 = 0.0032, ∑ 𝑃𝑖 = 1 + 0.1 + 0.032 + 0.01 + 0.0032 = 1.1452

20∗1+40∗0.1+100∗0.032+120∗0.01+150∗0.0032
〈𝜏〉= = 25.22
1.1452
202 ∗1+402 ∗0.1+1002 ∗0.032+1202 ∗0.01+1502 ∗0.0032
〈𝜏 2 〉= = 957.04
1.1452
2
𝜎𝑑 = √957.04 − 25.222 =17.92ns
1
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ ≈ = 11.16𝑀𝐻𝑧
5𝜎𝑑
Thus the maximum message bandwidth for this channel without leading into pulse
broadening is 11.16MHz.

7. Consider a mobile communication system using a carrier frequency of 900 MHz. A

mobile in this system is travelling at a speed of 40kmph towards the base station in the
cell. Calculate the frequency of the received signal. If the mobile user transmits date at
rate of 100 Kbps, determine whether the channel is slow or fast fading.

Solution:
Speed of the mobile = 40000/3600 = 11.11m/s;

Wavelength = 3*10^8 /900*10^6 = 0.33m;

fd = 11.11/0.33 = 33.6Hz;

Doppler shift is positive because the mobile is moving towards the base station

The received signal frequency is thus (900M + 33.6) Hz

The coherence time Tc = 9/(16πfd)=9/(16*3.14*33.6)=0.0053 s = 5300 us

1/(100*10^3) =10 us

5300 us >> 10 us, so it is slow fading.