Drying Shrinkage of Fly Ash Mortar Mixed

with Seawater.
● Source: Applied Mechanics & Materials . 2015, Vol. 802, p118-123. 6p.
● Author(s): BAUTISTA John Wilmer; CROCKETT Jerome Benedict; LIU Beatrice Ann;
OBRA Timothy John; ROXAS Cheryl Lyne
● Abstract: Drying shrinkage in mortar produces cracks and micro-cracks which affect the
durability of a structure. The effects of seawater as a substitute to freshwater and fly ash
as a partial replacement for cement were investigated in this study in order to address
the predicted water shortage by 2025 and the increasing carbon footprint from carbon
dioxide emissions worldwide. Moreover, these materials are also more economical
alternatives to freshwater and cement. Rectangular prism specimens with varying fly ash
content (10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%) were cast to measure the drying shrinkage in
mortar while 50-mm cube mortar specimens were prepared to determine the
compressive strength. This study investigated whether the addition of fly ash and
seawater reduced the drying shrinkage of mortar. From the results, it was found that
mortar specimens with 20% fly ash replacement achieved the highest early and late
strengths. Partial substitution of fly ash would result to shrinkage in mortar while
substitution of seawater to freshwater counteracts the effects of fly ash, thus producing
less shrinkage. Fly ash content between 20%-25% combined with seawater produces
the least shrinkage value without compromising the minimum required compressive
strength.
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724

ABSTRACT
Concrete is a composite material which is produced by mixing cement, aggregate, water and if
required admixtures. The quality of mixing water plays an important role in the mechanical behavior
of hardened mortar and concrete. Presence of some impurities in mixing water may influence the
chemical reactions between water and cement and affects the strength of hardened material. In this
experimental study, Portland cement mortar specimens were produced by using mixing water
including different amounts of magnesium and sodium sulfate. Test specimens were prepared with
water cement ratio of 0.6. Totally, nine types of mixing water were prepared with four different
amounts of two different salts and tap water. The specimens were subjected to flexural and
compressive strength tests at the ages of 7, 28 and 90 days and the effects of sulfate salts present
in mixing water on the strength of hardened mortars were extensively analyzed. The results showed
that the effect of magnesium sulfate was more pronounced when the concentration of the salt
exceeds 6 percent. The strength of mortars decreased as the concentration of the sodium sulfate
increased.

INTRODUCTION

The effect of impurities in mixing water on the properties of concrete is an important subject. It is
known that these impurities affect the strength and durability of hardened material. There are limited
investigations on this subject, however, it is noted (Witt, 1918; Steinour, 1960; Abrams, 1924;
Giesecke, Thomas and Parkinson, 1927; Kumar, 1994) that the effects of sulfate salts are more
pronounced. In relevant standards (TS 500, 2000; TS 11222, 2001; TS EN 1008, 2003; BS 3148,
1980; ASTM C94), the limit values for sulfates are given as ion of SO 4 -2. On the other hand, in the
Indian Concrete Journal (1963), these are specified by concentrations of corresponding salts.
(Effects Of Sulfates On Strength Of Portland Cement
Mortars
Authors
Kadir Kilinç (Department of Civil Engineering, Anadolu University) | Ömer Ariöz (Department
of Civil Engineering, Anadolu University) | Mehmet Uyan (Materials of Construction
Division, Istanbul Technical University)
Publisher
International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers
Source
The Fifteenth International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, 19-24 June, Seoul,
Korea
Copyright
2005. The International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers
Keywords
Concrete; mortar; magnesium sulfate; sodium sulfate; compressive strength; flexural
strength.
)
https://www.onepetro.org/conference-paper/ISOPE-I-05-426