Republic of the Philippines

Western Philippines University A STRONG PARTNER FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

FINAL EXAMINATION IN PHY 101 – PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS

Name: ELIZALDE, JORELYN C. Date Passed: 03/29/19

Course/ Year & Section: BSCE 1A Remarks:

Test I. Objective Questions

1. What is the characteristics of a wave that is responsible for what we interpret as pitch?
 The characteristics of the wave that is responsible when interpreting pitch is frequency.
2. What is a luminous object?
 Luminous object is one that gives light. It’s responsible for our vision which from the source of light that
emits their own light and their own luminosity is measured in units called candelas.

3. The sky appears to be blue when the sun is high in the sky? Why?
 Sunlight reaches Earth’s atmosphere and is scattered in all directions by all the gases and particles in
air. Blue light is scattered more than the other colours because it travels as shorter, smaller waves. This
is why we see a blue sky most of the time.

4. What is the time required for a vibrating object to complete one full cycle?
 The time required for a vibrating object to complete one full cycle is the period.

5. What band of light wavelengths are too short to be seen by the human eye?
 Ultraviolet lights

6. Sound waves travels faster in warm air compared to cooler air. True or false? Why?
 True. Because the medium used in order the sound waves to travel is the air molecules and when the
temperature is warmer the air molecules move vibrates faster thus making it travel faster.

7. What refers to the number of cycles that a vibrating object moves through during a time interval of one second?
 The number 0f cycles that a vibrating object moves through during a time interval of one second is the
frequency.

8. What characteristic of light must be increased in order for the surface to emit photoelectrons?
 Intensity is the characteristics of light that must be increased for the surface to emit photoelectrons.

9. What lens is thicker at its edges and parallel light rays will appear to originate from the virtual focus?
 Concave lens

10. What is the difference an echo and reverberation?

 Echo is a single reflection of sound waves on a surface while reverberation is a repeated echo reflected by
many surface
11. What is rate of passage of radiant energy evaluated by reference to the luminous sensation produced by it?
 The rate of passage radiant energy is luminous flux

12. What do you mean by refraction of light?

 Refraction of light is the bending of light waves when passing through a medium.

13. What is considered an efficient transfer of energy that takes place at a natural frequency?
 An efficient transfer of energy that takes place at a natural frequency is the resonance

14. What color has the shortest wavelength of light?

 Violet has the shortest wavelength of light.

15. Before it travels through the earth’s atmosphere, a sunlight is mostly what?
 Infrared radiation

16. A simple harmonic motion is a vibration with a restoring force equal and opposite to a displacement. This
statement is true or false? Explain.
 True, because the SHM is a repetitive motion through an equilibrium, so when a force is exerted in other
side the replacement of the object will be in the opposite direction.

17. What time of image will be produced if an object is farther from a converging lens than to its focal point?
 The image that is farther from the converging lens than to its focal point is real image

18. What type of vibratory motion occurs when there is a restoring force opposite to and proportional to a
displacement?

 Simple harmonic motion

19. What is the standard speed of light in a vacuum?

 299,792 Km/s.

20. What relates to the incident and refracted angles and predicts that the light will bend toward the normal when
it enters an optiλλcally denser material?

 Index of refraction
Test II. Problem Solving
1. The wavelength of a sound waves in a certain material as measured is 18 cm. The frequency of the wave is 1900
Hz. Compute the speed of sound wave?

Given: solution: 𝑉 = 𝜆ƒ
1𝑚
λ = 18 cm ( ) = 0.18 𝑚 𝑉 =(0.18 m)(1900 cycle/s)
100𝑐𝑚

ƒ= 1900 Hz
V=?

2. A horizontal cord 5 m long has a mass of 2.5 grams. What must be the tension in the cord if the wavelength of a
120 Hz wave on it is to be 50 cm?
1
Given: solution: 𝐿 = 𝜆 𝑚
2
𝜌𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 =
L₁= 5m 1 𝐿
λ
L₂= 50𝑐𝑚 (
1𝑚
) = 𝑜. 5𝑚 5𝑚 = 2 2.5𝑥10−3 𝑘𝑔
100𝑐𝑚 1 =
0.5𝑚
ƒ= 120 Hz 2
5𝑚 𝝆𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒓
1𝑘𝑔 𝜆=
𝑚 = 2.5𝑔 ( ) = 2.5𝑥10−3 𝑘𝑔 1
1000𝑔
2

𝑉 = 𝜆ƒ 𝑇 = 𝑉 2 𝜌𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟
= (10𝑚)(120𝐻𝑧) = (1200𝑚/𝑠)2 (5 × 10−3 𝑘𝑔/𝑚)
𝑽 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒎/𝒔
𝑻 = 𝟕𝟐𝟎𝟎𝑵

3. A 20 m long (uniform) flexible cable of mass 7 kg hangs vertically under its own weight and is vibrated from its
upper end with a frequency of 7.0 Hz. Find the transverse wave on the cable at its midpoint.

Given:

𝑚 = 7𝑘𝑔
𝑇
𝑉=√
𝐿 = 20𝑚 𝜌𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟
ƒ = 7.0 𝐻𝑧
𝑚(𝑎)
𝑉= √
𝑚/𝑙

𝑉 = √𝑎𝑙
𝑚
𝑉 = √(9.8 ) (20𝑚)
𝑠2

𝑉 = √196𝑚2 /𝑠 2

= 14𝑚/𝑠 14 𝑚/𝑠
= = 𝟕𝒎/𝒔
2
4. A 3-m string is driven by a 240 Hz vibrator at its end. Determine speed of transverse waves on the string if it
resonates four segments?

Given: Solution: ƒₙ
2𝐿 = 𝑉
n= 4 𝑛
𝜆 240𝐻𝑧
L= 3 m 𝐿 = 𝑛( ) 𝑉= (2)(3𝑚)
2 4
λ 𝑉 = 60𝐻𝑧 (6𝑚)
ƒ = 240 𝐻𝑧 3𝑚 = 4 ( )
2 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒
V=? 3𝑚 = 2λ 𝑉 = 60 (6𝑚)
𝑠

5. A guitar string 30 cm long resonates in its fundamental to a frequency of 250 Hz. What is the tension in the
string if 80 cm of the string “weighs” 0.80 grams?

1
Given: Solution: 𝐿 = 𝜆
2
𝑚
𝜌𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 =
Lₗ = 30𝑐𝑚 (
1𝑚
) = 0.3𝑚 1 𝐿
100𝑐𝑚 0.3 𝑚 = λ
2 8𝑥10−4 𝑘𝑔
1𝑚
𝐿2 = 80𝑐𝑚 ( ) = 0.8𝑚 =
1𝑜𝑜𝑐𝑚 𝜆 = 2(0.3𝑚) 0.8𝑚
ƒ= 250Hz
1𝑘𝑔
𝑚 = 0.80𝑔 ( ) = 8𝑥10−4
1000𝑔

𝑉 = 𝜆ƒ 𝑇
𝑉 2 = ρ𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟; 𝑇 = 𝑉²ρ𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟
= (0.6𝑚)(250𝐻𝑧)
=(150 𝑚/𝑠²)²(1𝑥10−3 𝑘𝑔/𝑚)
𝑉 = 150𝑚/𝑠
= (22500𝑚2 /𝑠²)(1𝑥10−3 𝑘𝑔/𝑚

𝑇 = 22.5 𝑘𝑔. 𝑚/𝑠²

6. A 50-watt incandescent lamp has a mean spherical luminous intensity of 66.5 candelas. Compute the total
luminous flux radiated by the lamp.

Given: Solution: 𝐹 = 4𝜋𝐼

I= 66.5 cd 𝐹 = 4𝜋(66.5𝑐𝑑)
F=? 𝑭 = 𝟖𝟑𝟓. 𝟔𝟔 𝒍𝒎

Note: F is the luminous flux (in lumens)

7. A 250 W light source has a mean spherical luminous intensity of 87.5 candelas. Compute the luminous intensity
of the lamp.
𝐹
Given: Solution: 𝑒𝑙 =
𝑃

P=250 W 1099.56𝑙𝑚
𝑒𝑙 =
I=87.5 cd 259𝑊

F= 1099.56 lm

8. A small light source having a uniform luminous intensity of 12 cd is situated at the center of spherical surface of
radius 1 m. Compute the illumination of the spherical surface.

Given:

𝐼 = 12𝑐𝑑
𝐹
𝐸=
𝑟 = 1𝑚 𝐴

𝐹 = 4𝞹𝑰 = 𝟒𝟖𝞹𝒍𝒎 48𝜋𝑙𝑚

=
𝜋𝑚2
𝐴 = 𝞹𝒓𝟐 = 𝟏𝞹𝒎𝟐
𝑬 = 𝟒𝟖𝒍𝒎/𝒎𝟐 𝒐𝒓 𝟒𝟖𝒍𝒖𝒙

9. How many lumens pass through the area of 0.5 m^2 on a sphere of radius 5 m, if a 700-cd isotropic source is at
the center?

Given:

𝐼 = 700𝑐𝑑
𝐹 = 4𝞹𝑰
𝐹 =?
= 𝟖𝟕𝟗𝟔. 𝟒𝟔𝒍𝒎

10. Compute the illumination on a surface 5 ft distance from a 100-cd source if the surface makes an angle of 18
with the rays?

Given:

𝐼 = 100𝑐𝑑 𝐼 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝐹𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

𝐸= 2
=
𝑟 4𝜋𝑟 2
𝑟 = 5𝑓𝑡
(1256.64𝑙𝑚)𝑐𝑜𝑠18°
𝜃 = 18° =
4𝜋(5𝑓𝑡)2

𝐹 = 1256.64 𝑙𝑚 𝑬 = 𝟑. 𝟖𝟎𝒍𝒎/𝒇𝒕𝟐
11. A cloud of 2.5 × 1019 electrons most past a given point every 2 seconds. How much is the intensity of the electron
flow?
𝑄
Given: Solution: 𝐼 =
𝑡

1℃
Q = 2.5x1019 𝑥 ( ) = 4℃ 4℃
6.25𝑥1018
𝐼=
2𝑠
t=2s
𝑰 = 𝟐 𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒔

12. Nichrome ribbon resistor elements each has a resistance of 1 ohm. The element is made from sheet of Nichrome
allow, 0.025 cm thick. If the width of the ribbon is 0,3 cm, what length is required per element? Assume specific
resistance of Nichrome allow to be 109 micro-ohm-cm.

𝞺𝑳
Given: Solution: 𝑅 =
𝑨

109 𝑥10−6 𝛺/𝑐𝑚 (𝐿)

R= 1𝛺 1𝛺=
(0.025𝑐𝑚)(0.3𝑐𝑚)

𝐴 = (0.025𝑐𝑚)(0.3𝑐𝑚) 1𝛺(0.025𝑐𝑚)(0.3𝑐𝑚)
𝛺 =L
109 𝑥10−6
𝑐𝑚
𝞺=109 𝜇𝜴/cm

13. A certain wire has a resistance . The resistance of another wire identical with the first except for having twice
its diameter is?

𝞺𝑳 𝞺𝑳
Given: Solution:𝑅 = ;𝑹=𝞹
𝑨 𝒅²
𝟒

ρ𝐿
𝑅1 = π
4 2𝑑²
ρ𝐿
𝑅1 = π
2
4 4𝑑
1 ρ𝐿
𝑅1 = π
4 4𝑑2
4

𝟏
𝑹𝟏 = 𝑹
𝟒 𝟎
14. The insulation resistance of a kilometer of the cable having a diameter of 2 cm and an insulation thickness of 2
cm is 600 ohms. If the thickness of the insulation is increased to 3 cm, find the insulation resistance of the cable.

𝜌 𝑟₂
Given: Solution: 𝑅 ln If thickness =3cm
2𝜋ℓ 𝑟ₗ

𝑅2𝜋ℓ 𝞺 𝒓₂
𝑅₂ = 𝒍𝒏
𝑅 = 600𝛺 𝑟₂ = 𝞺 𝟐𝝅𝓵 𝒓₁
𝑙𝑛
𝑟ₗ
ℓ = 100𝑚 5.44𝑥106 2.5
(600𝛺)(2𝜋)(100𝑚) 𝑅₂ = ln ( )
=𝞺 2𝜋(1000) 1
𝑟ₗ = 1𝑚 2
𝑙𝑛 1
𝑟₂ = 2𝑚

15. A copper wire of unknown length has a resistance of 0.80 ohm. By successive passes through drawing dies, the
length of the wire is increased to 2 ½ times its original value. Assuming that resistivity remains unchanged
during the drawing process, determine the new value of its resistance.
𝞺𝑳 𝞺𝑳₂
Given: Solution: 𝑅ₗ = 𝑅₂ = ; L₂=2.5L₁
𝑨 𝑨₂

𝜌𝐿1
0.80𝛺 = 0.80𝛺𝐿ₗ
𝐴 𝑅2 = (2.5 𝐿ₗ)
𝐴ₗ
0.80𝛺𝐿1
𝜌=
𝐴₁

16. The equivalent wye element of 3 equal resistors each equal to and connected in delta is?
Given: Solution:

𝑅𝑏 𝑅𝑐
𝑅ₗ =
𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐
𝑅2
𝑅1 =
3𝑅

𝑹
𝑹ₗ =
𝟑

17. Four cubic meters of water is to be heated by means of four 1.5 kW, 230-V immersion heating elements.
Assuming the efficiency of the heater as 90%, determine the time required boiling the water if the initial
temperature is 20 and if the elements are connected two in series in parallel with two in parallel.

Given:
2
𝐸𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑝 4(115)2
𝑃𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑤𝑛 =4( )= = 1500𝑊 = 1.5𝑘𝑊
𝑅 35.266

𝑃𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 = 𝑃𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑤𝑛 ŋ = 1.5(0.9) = 1.35 𝑘𝑊

𝑄 = 𝑚𝑐𝛥𝑡
𝑄 = 𝑃𝑡
 Solution:
1000𝑘𝑔
𝑚 = 4𝑚3 ( ) = 4000𝑘𝑔
1𝑚3

𝑚𝑐𝛥𝑡 = 𝑃𝑡
4.186𝑘𝐽
𝑚𝑐∆𝑡 (4000𝑘𝑔 ( 𝑘𝑔 ℃) (100 − 20)℃)
𝑡= =
𝑃 (1.35𝑘𝑊)
1ℎ𝑟
𝑡 = 992237.037 sec 𝑥 ( )
3600sec

𝒕 = 𝟐𝟕𝟓. 𝟔 𝒉𝒓𝒔.

18. An 8-ohm resistor is connected in series with a parallel combination of two resistors, and 24 ohms. Determine
if the power consumed by the parallel connected resistors is equal to the power consumed by the 8-ohm
resistor.
1 1
Given: Solution: 𝑅𝑇1𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 = +
𝑅 24
𝑃1 = 𝑃2
24𝑅 𝐼 2 𝑅1 = 𝐼 2 𝑅₂
𝑅𝑇1𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 =
𝑅 + 24 24𝑅
8=
𝑅 + 24
8𝑅 + 192 = 24𝑅
192 16𝑅
=
16 16

𝑹 = 𝟏𝟐𝜴

19. Two lamps and are connected in series. Lamp is rated 50 W and 100 V while lamp is rated 100 W at 100
V also. The two lamps are to be connected in series across a 200 V source. What resistance must be connected
across lamp so that each lamp will operate properly?

𝑋: 50 𝑊; 100𝑉 𝑌: 100𝑊; 100𝑉

𝑉2 𝑉2
𝑃= 𝑃=
𝑅 𝑅
1002 𝑉2
50 = 𝑅=
𝑅 𝑃
1002 1002
𝑅= =
50 100
10000 10000
= =
50 100
= 200Ω = 100Ω
 𝑅𝑥𝑦 = 200Ω + 100Ω
= 300Ω 𝐸
𝑅=
𝐼
𝐸 = 200𝑉
𝑅𝑇 = 𝑅𝑥𝑦 + 𝑅𝐴
𝐸
𝐼= 𝐸𝑇
𝑅 = 300Ω + 𝑅𝐴
200 𝐼
= 400𝑉
300
= 300Ω + 𝑅𝐴
2
2 𝐴
= 𝐴 3
3
600𝛺 = 300Ω + 𝑅𝐴
𝐸 = 100𝑉 + 100𝑉 + 200𝑉
= 400𝑉 𝑹𝑨 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝜴

20. An electric water heater has a rating of 1 kW, 230 V. The coil used as the heating element is 10 m long and has a
resistivity of 1.724 × 10−6 ohm-cm. Determine the required diameter of the wire.
𝜌𝐿
Given: Solution: 𝑅 =
𝐴

𝜌𝐿
P= 1kW 𝑅=
𝐴
L=10m 𝑉2 𝑉2
𝑃= ;𝑅 =
𝑅 𝑃
𝑉2 𝞺𝑳
=
𝑃 𝞹𝒅𝟐
𝟒
𝞺𝑳
𝒅𝟐 =
𝒗𝟐 𝞹
( 𝑷 ) (𝟒)

𝞺𝑳
𝒅=√
𝒗𝟐 𝞹
𝑷 (𝟒)

𝒅 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟑𝟎𝒄𝒎