Characteristics of the elements of group 1.

By: Luis Angel Pérez González.

Introduction:
In nucleosynthesis, new nuclei arise that gave rise to new elements based on the four
nucleosynthesis. With the advancement of science they were studied so that today we
know them based on their chemical and physical properties.
However, there is information about its abundance on planet earth and how the
composition of the earth is based on these elements.
Some of the first elements are lithium, sodium and potassium; Thanks to the experiment,
they realized that they were new substances and sought ways to isolate them to give their
respective names and general characteristics. It is always good to consider one of the most
abundant elements and with certain characteristics such as hydrogen, although it does not
belong to group 1 it is one of the most important elements and with great applications. In
addition, this information will help us understand where we live and ask ourselves new
questions about certain phenomena we see in daily life.
Develop:
Hydrogen is the most abundant chemical element, constituting approximately 75% of the
visible matter in the universe. Elemental hydrogen is relatively rare on Earth and is
produced industrially from hydrocarbons such as methane.
The Periodic Table is divided into four blocks according to the orbital that the outermost
electrons are occupying:
Block s: the orbital s allows 2 electrons → there are 2 elements of this block in each level
that is where group 1 belongs.
This group consists of six elements. Hydrogen, despite not being an alkali metal, is generally
included in this group due to its electronic configuration. Its name comes from the alkaline
properties that they present.
- Physical properties
They are malleable, ductile and good conductors of heat and electricity.
They are white-silver
They show very low densities.
They have low melting points, this is due to weak bond forces that bind their atoms. As you
descend in the group, the melting points are lower. Lithium has a melting point of 181 ° C,
sodium 98 ° C, potassium 63 ° C, rubidium 39 ° C, Cesium 28 ° C and francium 27 ° C.
- Chemical properties
They react instantly with water, oxygen and other chemicals.
The reactivity of these elements increases as you descend in the group.
They are effective reducers.
Its oxides and hydroxides are basic.
They react with halogens, hydrogen, sulfur and phosphorus producing the corresponding
halides, hydrides, sulfides and phosphides.
Almost all salts are soluble in water, lithium being less soluble.
Conclusion.
In conclusion, hydrogen is a cosmogenite element with a great abundance in the universe
of these nucleosynthesis that today thanks to research we can know and also cannot ignore
the elements of group 1, which today have a wide variety of applications of great
importance and they are still working for the generation of a green energy, a friendly
synthesis and use of them without consequences on health. This option is the one that most
attracts attention for a massive application in the health sector, search for new and
improved medicine, devices used in it and some that influence even health. Finally, we as
chemistry students are always good to have a reference or something general to know in
the future or in some research task.

Bibliography.

Brown, Theodore L. / Lemay, H. Eugene / Murphy, Catherine. (2013). Quimica La

Ciencia Central. México: Pearson.