EGME 407 Heat Transfer Spring 2013

Homework 3, Due on 3/18

PROBLEM 1
KNOWN: Two-dimensional rectangular plate subjected to prescribed uniform temperature boundary
conditions.
FIND: Temperature at the mid-point using the exact solution considering the first five non-zero terms;
assess error resulting from using only first three terms. Plot the temperature distributions T(x,0.5) and
T(1,y).
SCHEMATIC:

ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Two-dimensional, steady-state conduction, (2) Constant properties.

ANALYSIS: From Section 4.2, the temperature distribution is
n +1
T − T1 2 θ ( −1) + 1 ⎛ nπ x ⎞ sinh ( nπ y L )
θ ( x, y ) ≡ =
T2 − T1 π
∑ n
sin ⎜
⎝
⎟⋅
L ⎠ sinh ( nπ W L )
. (1,4.19)
n =1
Considering now the point (x,y) = (1.0,0.5) and recognizing x/L = 1/2, y/L = 1/4 and W/L = 1/2,
n +1
T − T1 2 θ ( −1) + 1 ⎛ nπ ⎞ sinh ( nπ 4 )
θ (1, 0.5 ) ≡
T2 − T1 π
= ∑ n
sin ⎜ ⎟⋅
⎝ 2 ⎠ sinh ( nπ 2 )
.
n =1
When n is even (2, 4, 6 ...), the corresponding term is zero; hence we need only consider n = 1, 3, 5, 7 and
9 as the first five non-zero terms.
2 ⎧⎪ ⎛ π ⎞ sinh (π 4 ) 2 ⎛ 3π ⎞ sinh ( 3π 4 )
θ (1, 0.5 ) = ⎨2sin ⎜ ⎟ + sin ⎜ ⎟ +
π ⎪⎩ ⎝ 2 ⎠ sinh (π 2 ) 3 ⎝ 2 ⎠ sinh ( 3π 2 )
2 ⎛ 5π ⎞ sinh ( 5π 4 ) 2 ⎛ 7π ⎞ sinh ( 7π 4 ) 2 ⎛ 9π ⎞ sinh ( 9π 4 ) ⎪⎫
sin ⎜ ⎟ + sin ⎜ ⎟ + sin ⎜ ⎟ ⎬
5 ⎝ 2 ⎠ sinh ( 5π 2 ) 7 ⎝ 2 ⎠ sinh ( 7π 2 ) 9 ⎝ 2 ⎠ sinh ( 9π 2 ) ⎪⎭
2
θ (1, 0.5 ) = [ 0.755 − 0.063 + 0.008 − 0.001 + 0.000] = 0.445 (2)
π
T (1, 0.5 ) = θ (1, 0.5 )( T2 − T1 ) + T1 = 0.445 (150 − 50 ) + 50 = 94.5o C . <
 PROBLEM 2
KNOWN: Steady-state temperatures (K) at three nodes of a long rectangular bar.
FIND: (a) Temperatures at remaining nodes and (b) heat transfer per unit length from the bar using
nodal temperatures; compare with result calculated using knowledge of q.
&
SCHEMATIC:

ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Steady-state, 2-D conduction, (2) Constant properties.

ANALYSIS: (a) The finite-difference equations for the nodes (1,2,3,A,B,C) can be written by
inspection using Eq. 4.35 and recognizing that the adiabatic boundary can be represented by a
symmetry plane.
7 3 2
2 q& Δx 2 5 × 10 W/m ( 0.005m )
∑ Tneighbors − 4Ti + q& Δx / k = 0 and
k
=
20 W/m ⋅ K
= 62.5K.

Node A (to find T2): 2T2 + 2TB − 4TA + q& Δx 2 / k = 0

1
T2 = ( −2 × 374.6 + 4 × 398.0 − 62.5 ) K = 390.2K <
2
Node 3 (to find T3): Tc + T2 + TB + 300K − 4T3 + q& Δx 2 / k = 0
1
T3 = ( 348.5 + 390.2 + 374.6 + 300 + 62.5) K = 369.0K <
4
Node 1 (to find T1): 300 + 2TC + T2 − 4T1 + q& Δx 2 / k = 0
1
T1 = ( 300 + 2 × 348.5 + 390.2 + 62.5) = 362.4K <
4
 PROBLEM 3
KNOWN: The temperature-time history of a pure copper sphere in an air stream.
FIND: The heat transfer coefficient between the sphere and the air stream.
SCHEMATIC:

ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Temperature of sphere is spatially uniform, (2) Negligible radiation

exchange, (3) Constant properties.
3
PROPERTIES: Table A-1, Pure copper (333K):  = 8933 kg/m , cp = 389 J/kgK, k = 398
W/mK.
ANALYSIS: The time-temperature history is given by Eq. 5.6 with Eq. 5.7.
 t  t  1
 exp    where Rt  As   D 2
i  R t Ct  hAs
 D3
C t   Vc p V
6
  T  T .
Recognize that when t = 69s,
  t   55  27  C

 t   69s 
  0.718  exp     exp   
i  66  27  C  t   t 
and solving for  t find
 t  208s.
Hence,

h
 Vcp

 
8933 kg/m3  0.01273 m3 / 6 389J/kg  K
As t  0.0127 2 m 2  208s
h  35.3 W/m 2  K. <
Note that with Lc = Do/6,
hLc 0.0127
Bi   35.3 W/m 2  K  m/398 W/m  K  1.88 10-4 .
k 6
Hence, Bi < 0.1 and therefore this is a lumped system.
 PROBLEM 4
KNOWN: Thickness, initial temperature and properties of steel plate. Convection conditions at both
surfaces.
FIND: Time required to achieve a minimum temperature. The coldest spot is the midpoint where x=0.
SCHEMATIC:

Steel plate: =7800 kg/m3

Ti = 300oC cp = 500 J/kg-K
T(0,tf ) = 550oC k = 45 W/m-K

Combustion gases Too = 700oC

h = 100 W/m2-K

x L = 50 mm

ASSUMPTIONS: (1) One-dimensional conduction in plate, (2) Symmetric heating on both sides, (3)
Constant properties, (4) Negligible radiation from gases, (5) Fo > 0.2.
2
ANALYSIS: The smallest temperature exists at the midplane and, with Bi = hL/k = 500 W/m K 
0.050m/45 W/mK = 0.556 and Fo > 0.2, may be determined from the one-term approximation of Eq.
5.41. From Table 5.1, C1 = 1.076 and 1 = 0.682. Hence, with  o = (To - T)/(Ti - T) = 0.375,

Fo  

ln  o / C1    ln 0.375 /1.076  2.266
12  0.682 2
2
Fo L2 2.266  0.05m 
t   491s <


45 W / m  K / 7800 kg / m3  500 J / kg  K 
COMMENTS: From Eq. 5.43b, the corresponding surface temperature is

Ts  T   Ti  T  o cos 1   700C  400C  0.375  0.776  584C

Because Bi is not much larger than 0.1, temperature gradients in the steel are moderate.
Problem 5

Solution:

(1)
display('Determine how you want to mesh the plate first');
m=input('How many rows?');
n=input('How many columns?');
t=0;
x=[1,n+1];
y=[1,m+1];
z=[325,221;568,180]; % type in the temperature at the four vertices
for i=1:n+1
for j=1:m+1
t(i,j)=interp2(x,y,z,i,j);
end
end
flipud(t')
mesh(1:n+1,1:m+1,t')
axis([1 n+1 1 m+1 0 max(z(:))])
xlabel('x')
ylabel('y')
zlabel('Temperature')

Determine how you want to mesh the plate first

How many rows?2
How many columns?2

ans =

568.0000 374.0000 180.0000

446.5000 323.5000 200.5000
325.0000 273.0000 221.0000
Temperature at the center of this square is 323.5 °C
(2)
Determine how you want to mesh the plate first
How many rows?100
How many columns?100