How did black

nationalism
and social
What events led gains lead to
up to the Red changes in the
Summer of United States?
1919?

What led to
thousands of
southern blacks
to migrate to the
North?
▪ Enormous movement of people for 1910 to
1920 where 330,000 black southerners
moved north.
▪ St. Louis
▪ Chicago
▪ Detroit
▪ Brought southern customs with them and
influenced northern culture.
▪ Blues: Birthplace, New Orleans. Combines
rhythms and expressive vocals to convey
deep emotions, especially sadness or love
 Some cities banned
Racial tension in the the distribution of
25 Race Riots were
United States grew black publications
recorded
after World War I such as The Crisis,
Chicago Defender

American soldiers African Americans

Factory jobs were had to compete with felt they had earned
hard to find after the African Americans greater freedoms
war was over for scarce factory after helping fight
jobs. in WWI.
▪ Most race riots were
triggered by harmless events
▪ Some riots had more
intentional beginnings
▪ Knoxville, TN and Omaha,
NE: mobs were protecting
blacks who were accused of
attacking white citizens
▪ Longview, TX: White man
went to a black section of
town to punish a school
teacher who had written of
a recent lynching for the
Chicago Defender
Marcus Garvey: Black Nationalism: the Marcus Garvey Booker T.
founder of Black belief that black people wanted to have Washington & W.E.B.
Nationalism and around the world should separate societies Du Bois wanted to
Universal Negro create their own break down the
Improvement societies, separate and barriers between
Association (UNIA) distinct from white black and whites
societies.
Encouraged a return to
Africa to build a new nation
there.
▪ From Jamaica
▪ Created the UNIA which at its height
had nearly 2 million members.
▪ Was deported back to Jamaica after
convicted of Tax Fraud.