132/33 KV

SUBSTATION BHINGA

SHIVKANT YADAV
DIPLOMA (ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING)
THATHAGT GAUTAM BUDH GOVERNMENT POLTECHNIC
SIRSIYA,SARAWASTI, (UP)
 CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that Jitendra kumar verma of 2nd year in
Istumantation And Control engineer student of government polytechnic
pilibhit has completed his 4 weeks training at 132 KV substation
Bhinga located at Bhinga Shravasti under our supervision and
guidance.
He has been in Summer vocational training from 22nd june 2017 to 22nd
july 2017at 132 KV Bhinga Shravasti.

Date: Mr. Ramesh Kumar Mr. VINOD KUMAR GANGWAR

Place: (J.E. BHINGA) (S.D.O. NANPARA)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am very grateful to get the opportunity of summer vocational training at 132 KV
BHINGA built on UPPTCL site.

I completed my training which consisted of 4 weeks from 22ND JUNE 2017 TO

22ND JULY 2017.

During this short span, I came to know about many things about the operation and
working of a substation. I was accustomed with the substation environment and its
operation.

I take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude and deep regards to

MR. RAMEEZ RAJA (Site Engineer) for his exemplary guidance, monitoring
and constant encouragement throughout the course of this thesis. The blessing, help
and guidance given by him time to time shall carry me a long way in the journey of
life on which I am about to embark.

I also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude to Mr. Narendra
Sankar Singh, Mr Raju Khan, Mr Altaaf Ansari and Mr Ankit Singh for their
cordial support, valuable information and guidance, which helped me in completing
this tasks through various stages.
 INTRODUCTION
Bhinga 132kv substation is fully automated that is, it is based on SCADA
(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) a latest monitor and control technique.

The substation has two 20MVA Transformers for stepping down 132 KV to 33 KV.
The incoming 132KV lines for the substation are Balrampur and Nanpara (this
line is yet to be charged).

132 KV is stepped down by two transformers rated at 20 MVA to 33 KV and this

supply is forwarded to Bhinga 33kv, Bhinga court and Ekauna

In addition to this substation have two Capacitor Bank units connected in parallel
for improving power factor in case when it is down. The substation is provided with
advanced technology SCADA, which makes it very efficient, the total protection
system as well as status and commands are all set to be recorded in SCADA time to
time with a millisecond accuracy.
132 KV Side :
1. Balrampur
2. Nanpara
33 KV Side :
1. Bhinga 33kv
2. Bhinga court
3. Ekauna

CAPACITOR BANK
 THE FEATURES
132 KV Side :

On 132 KV we have incoming from Balrampur and Nanpara. Presently only

Balrampur lines are being used.
During incoming to the substation it is
passed through Lightening Arrestor, Current
Transformers, Potential Transformers, Line
isolators, Circuit Breaker (SF6 CB), Bus
isolators and then to the Main Bus Bar of
132 KV. This is protected by Distance
Protection Relay (21), over current and earth
fault relay. In addition to Main Bus, it has a
Transfer Bus which is used in case of
abnormal conditions. It can be charged using
Tandem Isolators and Bus Coupler.

33 KV Side :

Once 132 KV have been stepped down to 33 KV by two 20 MVA Transformers it

is passed through Lightening Arrestor, Current Transformers 3 core, Circuit
Breaker (VCB) and Bus Isolators then to Main Bus Bar of 33 KV. On which for
each phase Potential Transformers are connected. On 33 KV side, just after the LA
3 Core CT are used for providing metering and protection.
Like 132 KV side, it also has a Transfer Bus Bar which is used to supply feeders on
abnormal condition.
The Feeders on 33 KV Side are: Bhinga 33 Kv, Bhinga Court and Ekauna.
In addition to this, on 33 KV side a Capacitor Bank is connected to main bus bar.

Capacitor Bank is used for power factor improvement in case when it fall below a
certain limit.

It has a 3 phase Potential Transformer which is used to measure voltage improved

by Capacitor Bank and also power factor improved by it.

The VCB (Vaccum Circuit Breaker) are used on this side for tripping circuit on
fault condition.
The Different Feeder Bays on this side are:-
1. Bhinga Court
2. Bhinga 33 Kv
3. Ekauna

WORKING WAY OF POWER FLOW THROUGH

BHINGA 132 KV SUBSTATION

There are two cases of power. Power can either come from Balrampur or from
Nanpara. Presently only incoming from Balrampur is working, while Nanpara
lines are not connected yet to substation.
The lines from Balrampur enter the substation by conventional tower. This is then
fed to Lightening Arrestor, Current Transformer, Potential Transformer and then to
line isolators (89L), After which it is connected to Circuit Breaker (SF6 Type), bus
isolators (89A) and finally to Main Bus Bar of 132 kV.
Jack Bus is used to use space efficiently. From Main Bus Bar, lines are given to bus
isolators, Circuit Breaker (SF6 Type) , line isolators , Current Transformers and
finally via jack bus to Transformer primary.

JACK BUS

FLOW OF POWER IN 33 KV SIDE

TRANSFORMER LA CT BREAKER ISOLATOR BUS BAR

This substation has two 20 MVA Power Transformers synchronized with each
other. Here in transformer voltage is stepped down to 33 kV. This stepped down
voltage lines are passed to Lightening Arrestor, Current Transformers, Circuit
Breaker and isolators.
After Isolators it is connected to main bus bar of 33 kV. So 33 kV main bur bar is
charged. Now from this 33 kV main bus lines are forwarded to bus isolators then
vaccume circuit breaker after which current transformer (2 Cored) then line
isolators and finally to different outgoing feeders Bhinga 33 Kv, Ekauna, and
Bhinga Court.This is the way power is stepped down transmitted throughout.
 TRANSFORMERS
A Transformer is an electrical device that transfers energy between two or more
circuits through electromagnetic induction. A varying current in the transformer’s
primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the core and varying magnetic
field impinging on the secondary winding. This varying magnetic field at the
secondary induces a varying electromotive force (EMF) or voltage in the secondary
winding. Making use of Faraday’s Law in conjunction with high magnetic
permeability core properties, transformers can thus be designed to efficiently
change AC voltage from one voltage level to another within power networks.

In an ideal transformer the induced voltage in the secondary windings (Vs) is in the
proportion to primary voltage (Vp) and is given by the ratio of number of turns in
the secondary (Ns) to the number of turns in the primary (Np) as follows.

Vs / Vp = Ns / Np
A transformer thus allows an alternating current (AC) voltage to be stepped up by
making Ns greater than Np, or stepped down by making Ns lesser than Np.

In Bhinga 132/33 kV Substation,

Two transformers of rating 20 MVA are used to step down voltage from 132 kV to
33 kV. In addition to this an Auxiliary Transformer of rating 250 KVA is used to
run substation.
 20 MVA POWER TRANSFORMER
Rating and Specifications of 20 MVA Transformer:-
The two 20 MVA Transformer installed on this substation are of IMP POWER
LIMITED. REF IS: 2026-81
 KVA 16000/20000
 kV HV (No Load) 132000
 kV LV (No Load) 33000
 Ampere HV 70/87.5
 Ampere LV 280/350
 Frequency 50 Hz
 Type of Cooling ONAN/ONAF
 Winding Connection HV STAR
 Winding Connection LV STAR
 Tapping on HV Side
 Total Weight 49000 kg
 250 KVA AUXILIARY TRANSFORMER
(SUBSTATION TRANSFORMER)

Rating and Specifications of 250 KVA Transformer:-

The two 250 KVA Transformer installed on this substation are of PME Power
Solution (India) Ltd.

 KVA 250
 Volts HV (No Load)33000 V
 Volts LV (No Load)400 V
 Ampere HV 4.37 A
 Ampere LV360.85
 Impedance4.75%
 Frequency50 Hz
 Type of Cooling ONAN
 Winding Connection Delta-Star
 Total Weight 1485 kg
 ISOLATORS
In electrical engineering, a disconnector or isolator switch is used to makes sure that
an electrical circuit can be completely de- energized for service or maintenance.

Isolators can only operate only under no load conditions. such switch are often
found in electrical distribution and industrial applications where machinery must
have its source of driving power removed for adjustment or repair.

132 kV Side Line Isolators

The substation also has set of tendom isolators. These tendom isolators are used
when there is some problem with equipments in a bay or maintenance of bay is at
work. Only one set Tendom Isolators can be closed at a time. These are also used to
provide supply via Transfer Bus.
 132 kV Side Tendom Isolators

On 33 kV Side, there are manual operated isolators to isolate lines.

33 kv isolator
 CIRCUIT BREAKER
It is a switching device designed to automatically open a circuit under a specified
abnormal condition without causing damage to it is called Circuit Breaker.

It is not like switches which cannot be operate under short circuit condition. An arc
between fixed contact and moving contact is appeared while opening the circuit
breaker.

There are different types of Circuit Breakers in this substation:

 AirCircuit Breaker - In this type of circuit breaker, air is filled inside the
cylinder. It is used for breaker circuit at low voltage level.this type of breaker
is used in ltdb

 SF6 Circuit Breaker - This is high quality and most reliable type of circuit
breaker. In this type of circuit breaker SF6 Gas is filled inside the cylinders at
very high pressure generally in Mega Pascal. This type of circuit breaker is
used at 132 kV side of this substation.

 Vaccum Circuit Breaker – In this type of circuit breaker, vacuum is used

for minimizing arc. This type of circuit breaker is used at 33 kV side of this
substation.
132 kV Side Circuit Breaker :

On this side, SF6 Circuit Breaker is used. This is most reliable type of circuit
breaker. In this type of circuit breaker, SF6 Gas is filled in the cylinder at very high
pressure between 6 to 8 in Mega Pascal.

The control of this Circuit Breaker is done by relay working on 110 V (DC). In
addition to local control, this circuit breaker can be operated from KIOSK ROOM’s
panel and SCADA.
 SF6 Circuit Breaker

Rating of SF6 Circuit Breaker

Rated Voltage 145 kV

Rated Lightening Impulse 650 kV
Rated Frequency 50 Hz
Rated Normal Current 3150 A
Rated Short Circuit Breaking Current 40 kA
Rated Short Circuit Duration 3s
Rated Pressure of SF6 at 200 C 6 Bar
Control Voltage 110 V DC
Operating Mechanism Voltage 240 V AC
Heating Voltage 240 V AC
33 kV Side Circuit Breaker :

Vacuum Circuit Breaker

Rating of SF6 Circuit Breaker

Rated Voltage 33 kV
Rated Insulation level in kv 170 kv
Rated Frequency 50 Hz
Rated Normal Current 1250 A
Rated Short Circuit Breaking Current 25 kA
Weight in kgs 580
Control Voltage 110 V DC
Operating Mechanism Voltage 240 V AC
Heating Voltage 240 V AC
On this side Vacuum Circuit Breaker (VCB) are used for breaking the circuit under
abnormal condition.

In VCB, vacuum is used inside cylinder to minimize the arc produced during
tripping of circuit breaker.

The control of this type of circuit breaker is also done using 110 V DC supply.

Apart from local control, it can be operated from panel and from SCADA system.

LIGHTNING ARRESTOR
Lightning arrestor are used in the substation to protect the main equipments from
lightning surges. There are many are many types of lightning arrestors but in this
substation metal oxide type arrestors are installed

132 KV SIDE LA 33 KV SIDE LA

Ratings of 132 kV Side L.A. Ratings of 33 kV Side L.A

 120 kV 1. 30 kV
 10 kA 2. 10 kA
 Metal Oxide Gapless L.A. 3. Lightening A Station Class
 Type : EMOH
 Manufacturer: Oblum electrical industries (P) LTD
ELECTRICAL EARTHING
In every electrical equipment grounding is done in two types, one is equipment
grounding and other is structure grounding both are done by means of metallic
strips , which helps in protection of every electrical equipment from hazardous
accident.

L.T. DISTRIBUTION PANEL

33 kV is stepped down to 400 V by Auxiliary Transformer (250 KVA). These lines
are brought to Low Tension Distribution Panel..

In addition to this output from a diesel generator is also fed to it. On the front we
have Circuit Breaker, which is used to break circuit under abnormal condition.

After circuit breaker lines are fed to bus bar of L.T.D.B (which is not shown in the
pic). From this bus bar supply is given to ACDB, Battery Charger, KIOSK-1,
KIOSK -2, KIOSK -3 and staff quarters.

A.C. DISTRIBUTION PANEL

From L.T. Distribution Panel, supply is given to ACDP. This ACDP provides 400
V AC supply to substation and different areas where it is needed.
On the front side, there are two meters showing voltage and current which is being
used.
First of all the supply from LTDP is given to a bus bar of ACDP. From this bus bar
lines are fed to different areas where it is needed via a MCB of appropriate rating.
 BATTERY CHARGER

The 400 V supply from LTDB is fed to Battery Charger.

In this substation it has two chargers

 Float Charger
 Float Cum Boost Charger

Float Charger : Float charger sees the direct load and protection. So as long as the
supply is on from auxiliary transformer, float charger provides supply to load and
protection equipments. Basically it provides supply to DCDB.

Float Cum Boost Charger : The basic work of this is to charge the batteries. It
charges the batteries when supply is on from auxiliary transformer. When supply is
cut down, it automatically switches on the batteries and the whole protection is now
fed by batteries.

BATTERY CHARGER
 BATTERIES
In this substation the DC voltage required for protection and operation of different
relays is 110 V. In case of failure of supply from auxiliary transformer batteries are
used to provide DC 110 V.

In this substation 55 batteries each of approx. 2 Volts is used to provide effective

110 DC voltage.

No. of batteries in Battery Room : 55

On Load DC Voltage : 110 V
Rated Voltage of Each Battery : 2V
Rated Ampere-hours : 200

BATTERY BANK
 D.C DISTRIBUTION BOARD
From Battery Chargers, supply is fed to DCDB. Its main role is to provide DC 110
V supply to different areas where it is needed such as in Relays, Circuit Breaker and
KIOSKs etc.

In D.C.D.B, there is a bus bar from which lines are fed to different protection
equipments and relays.
 R.T.C CUBICLE
Remote Tap Changer Cubicle is the one by which Tap of transformer can be
changed remotely. In addition to this, it also shows Transformer’s Winding
Temperature, Transformer’s Oil Temperature, status of cooling fans etc.

RTC Cubicle being used here are of IMP POWER LIMITED, MUMBAI, for 20
MVA 132/33 kV Power Transformer.

RTCC
 APEX METERING PANEL
It is a high accuracy metering panel. It records the energy reading in
Mega Watt Hrs. It has two panels inbuilt, one is Main APEX and other is Check
APEX to ensure a good accuracy.

Energy reading is noted from this meter and so the overall efficiency of the
substation is calculated.

APEX PANEL
 KIOSK - 1

In KIOSK – 1, there are panels for

 BLARAMPUR
 Transformer I HV
 Transformer I LV
 Spare 132 kv line panel

Basically dealing with 132 kV side.

VIEW INSIDE KIOSK I

 KIOSK - 2
In KIOSK – 2, there are panels for
 Nanpara Line
 Transformer II HV
 Transformer II LV
 Bus coupler

VIEW INSIDE KIOSK II

 KIOSK - 3
In KIOSK-3 there are panels for 33 kV side feeders and Capacitor Bank.
 Bhinga Court
 Bhinga 33 Kv
 Ekauna
 Capacitor bank
 Spare 33kv feeder

VIEW INSIDE KIOSK III

 INTRODUCTION OF SOME RELAYS
AND EQUIPMENT IN PANELS

Trip Circuit Supervision Relay 195 & 295 – These relay supervise the
tripping circuit installed in Circuit Breaker in two ways pre close and post close
way.

Trip Transfer Relay M1 & M2 (TTX-N &TTX-T) –These relay tells

whether the bay is operating in Normal Mode i.e. from Main Bus or in Transfer
Mode i.e. from Transfer Bus or in intermediate mode.

Bay Control Protection Unit – This unit controls the whole bay. This relay is
of ABB company. All the operations of C.B., isolators, tendom and earth switch are
controlled by this relay. Besides this it also observes the overcurrent and earth fault
condition.(mainly BCPU are used in 33kv feeder panel side.
DC Supervision Relay(80A) – This relay supervise DC supply on the bay. If
any fault occurs in DC supply such as DC failure, it sends signal to SCADA

Reset Button – If tripping has occurred on the line, so before operating on panel,
reset button is pushed to bring panel back to normal state. This push button is built
in master trip relay .

Master Trip Relay – This relay accepts tripping command from BCU and send
tripping command to tripping coil of circuit breaker . As soon as some fault occurs,
it trips the circuit breaker and sends signal to SCADA.

Energy Meter –
This is a trivector meter which observes the current status and measures the value of
potential i.e. line voltage, current flowing through C.T. of a particular bay as well as
it calculates the energy, power factor, active, reactive and apparent power and also
display it.
Distance Protection Relay (21) – This relay plays an important role. It
protects the incoming line from the higher substation to which it is installed, not
only this it also observes the fault condition occurred in the adjacent shortest line as
well as adjacent longest line of the station from where we get supply. These are
divided as per zones

Differential Protection Relay – From the C.T. on 132 kV side to C.T. on 33

kV side of this bay is known as Differential Zone. This zone’s protection is
supervised by special type of relay called Differential Protection Relay. It is needed
so as to protect Transformer from any jerk occurring on the differential zone.

LBB Trip Relay- if any circuit breaker on this bay failed to trip in fault
condition then LBB Relay gets operated. In very short span of time, all the circuit
breaker on the substation gets tripped to protect the substation and lines.
 FIRE EXTINGUISHER ARRANGEMENT
IN SUBSTATION

In case of fire due to transformer failure, short circuit on 132 kV or 33 kV side or

any other possible case substation have arrangement to deal with it.

For this purpose Bhinga 132/33 kV substation is equipped with the following fire
extinguishers.

Foam Type Fire Extinguisher

CO2 Type Fire Extinguisher :

Sand Bucket:
 CONCLUSION
During this training I have been familiarized not only with the
transmission process of power, starting from the power plant
i.e. where from the power transmits through this substation to distribution
substation where I might work.

I would like to thank everybody who had made this experience possible for
me. I am very lucky to be placed at Bhinaha 132/33 kV Substation
because it is a completely well-equipped and SCADA based substation
transmitting power for domestic zone.

I was astonished to see how skillfully each operation is followed one after
another in many types of manually and automatically operated machines
which lead to a satisfactory work. So during this short span I got a lot of
knowledge from the higher authorities as well as from the technical
members who cooperated with us so well.
I extend my gratefulness and sincere thanks to all the people. At last we
would especially thanks to UTTAR PRADESH POWER TRANSMISSION

CORPORATION LIMITED (UPPTCL)for giving me an opportunity to take

part in such type of training.

THANK YOU