[IOT Based Garbage Monitoring system]

ABSTRACT

The neat and clean surrounding is the main driving force for any city to
be called as “smart city”. Many modern cities are currently encumbered with
various challenges such as smart transport system, smart grid, smart
environment, and smart living. Now-a-days, proper waste management is the
major concern for cities and urban areas. The traditional waste management
approaches are not sophisticated enough to achieve a proficient and robust
waste management. The smart Waste Management is on top priority in any
smart city as it directly affects the lifestyle, healthcare and environment. This
article deliberates a comprehensive survey of various proposed approaches for
smart bin systems such as Smart Garbage Monitoring System, Wisely Waste
Segregation System, and Smart Waste Collection System. In addition to this
Survey, we propose a framework for smart Garbage Management System.

One of the challenges of most cities and towns are

confronting is the decline in condition of cleanness of the environment regarding
the garbage management. This occurs due to the mismanagement of the garbage
collection. This mismanagement creates the spread of garbage in community
which in turn creates unhealthy condition in the immediate area. It also
stimulates several serious diseases amongst the people in close proximity and
degrades the beauty of the area. To avoid mismanagement of the garbage and to
improve the cleanness of the society, Garbage monitoring system is designed.

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 [IOT Based Garbage Monitoring system]

CHAPTER1
INTRODUCTION

“Learn cleanliness from the cat” is said and appreciated in

Ethiopian society. The scenario beyond this proverb is that keeping the
environment clean is quite important and it is used to emphases more on giving
attention to the cleanliness. Nonetheless, it is not as easy as to speak out the
proverb to effectively and properly managing the garbage. We frequently observe
garbage bins being filled over and additional waste materials being disposed and
accumulated around the bin in different cities of Ethiopia. Because of this, severe
and contagious disease is stimulated and also bad smell comes out of it and may
cause illness to human beings. The municipality of most cities in Ethiopia has
strived its best to alleviate this problem by providing several garbage bins
throughout the town. However,

It is manual approach and a number of trucks from the municipal

authority are sent to the waste bins to collect the waste. The wastes are loaded to
the truck and conveyed to the pre-specified locations. Because of this the
category of the people involved in collecting and transporting the wastes are
usually not responsible enough to make the job well done. Very often the wastes
are not collected from each and every waste bin properly due to municipal
authorities did not have information about the garbage bin. The manual waste
collection and management approach has problems such as lack of information
about the collecting time and place. Because of this it is time consuming and less
effective i.e. trucks go and may get empty garbage bin. management and lack of
smart monitoring of the condition of the bin. This proposed paper shows effective
solution to manage the garbage. This garbage monitor is implemented using
sensors and Arduino microcontroller.

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 [IOT Based Garbage Monitoring system]

OBJECTIVES

 To give an information and guideline about the management of domestic

garbage

 To help the cleaning authority of a region with the information of waste

generation in their area and manage it to get maximum outcome.

 To give the a correct data on how much the garbage is segregated.

 To maintain the cleanliness through this project

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 [IOT Based Garbage Monitoring system]

LITERATURE SURVEY

Some of the following garbage type Packaging waste, Agricultural waste,

Inorganic waste, Liquid waste etc. In solid waste bin monitoring system garbage
bin set the public place then Camera set for garbage bin location. The camera
captured image for garbage bin. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), GPS and
GIS send image for work station. The RFID reader and camera are mounted in the
truck, when truck come closer to the bin RFID reader communicated RFID tag. &
send all information. The System are use controlling Hut. This Controlling Hut are
SMS Technology.The GPS and GPRS mapping server to analyzing data of various
location. The control station compiled all the information and stored in the
system database. The bin status and waste truck was monitored.

In waste bin monitoring system using arduino and Global mobile

communication system (GSM).The sensors are place in the common garbage bins
placed at the public place when the garbage reaches the level of the sensors.
Then that indicated will give in indication to the driver by ARM7 they sending SMS
using GSM technology. The technology use by Arduino, Global mobile system
(GSM), ARM 7 Controller. The range of communication of the arduino is almost 50
meter. They use for range GSM Module, analyzing the image we get an idea about
level of garbage. The arduino and GSM system would be able to monitor the solid
waste collection process. This technique overcome some disadvantages which are
use of minimum route, low cost, fuel use, clean environment.

The waste management is built around several element. Waste item,

domestic bin, trash bags, collective containers and collecting vehicles. The waste
flow start from the waste item and the domestic bin to end in the collecting
vehicles. Use the waste identification for sorting process. Base on RFID technology
new trash bag is added in a collective container. The technology use Radio
Frequency Identification (RFID), Smart vehicular and Trash Bag. They only identify
RFID tags garbage bins, Low data speed, high cost. The arduino and GSM system
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 [IOT Based Garbage Monitoring system]

would be able to monitor the solid waste collection process. This technique
overcome some disadvantages which are use of minimum route, low cost, fuel
use, clean environment.

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 [IOT Based Garbage Monitoring system]

CHAPTER
METHODOLOGY

The working of the proposed system is unpretentious. For the

easy understanding, the system is divided into two units, slave unit and master
unit. Slave unit is placed in the garbage bin and the master unit is placed at the
control room. The working objects of the slave unit are Arduino Uno, ultrasonic
sensor, Potentiometer, GSM/GPRS & GPS SIM908 module. The entire unit is kept
at the top of the dustbin. The trigger pulse is sent from the ultrasonic sensor into
the dustbin and as a result, the echo pulse will be received back by it. Thus the
time lagging between the sent and received sound signal is used to determine the
distance to the object. Through this it continuously checks the level in the
dustbin. Once the wastages reach the specified threshold values, ultrasonic
sensor gives indication to the Arduino uno. Then a GSM module is connected with
the Arduino Uno for passing the message. The distance measured by the
ultrasonic sensor placed at top of dustbin gets reduced when the level of the
wastages increased. When the distance to the object becomes greater than the
threshold value, a message is sent to the cleaner’s mobile indicating the overflow
of the dustbin. SMS will be sent before the cleaner’s regular interval of visit to
pick up garbage. The alert message contains the longitude and latitude of the bin
along with GPS location. The GPS location is determined by the GPS module fixed
with GSM. Also, status of each dustbin is sent to the cloud server, every passing
hour when it gets filled. The data are stored in the cloud by the http request from
the GSM module that can store data periodically. A potentiometer has been used
for setting the threshold values for the dust bins.

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 [IOT Based Garbage Monitoring system]

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

4.1.1 ULTRASONIC SENSOR

4.1.2 ARDUINO UNO

4.1.3 GSM/GPRS & GPS SIM908

4.1.4 ESP8266 (WI-FI Module)

4.1.5 BREAD BOARD

4.1.1ULTRASONIC SENSOR

Ultrasonic sensor module HC-SR04 offers a 2cm-400cm non-contact

measurement function, the accuracy range reaches up to 3mm. A high-frequency
sound pulse is send from the ultrasonic sensor and then it counts from the time of
sending and receiving the pulse. There are two openings in the front of the
sensor. The first opening transmits the sound signal and the other opening
receives the echo signal. The speed of the signal is approximately 341 m/s in air. It
uses electrical -mechanical energy transformation to measure the distance
between the target object and the sensor. In the proposed system, ultrasonic
sensor majorly helps to estimate the distance to the object.

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 [IOT Based Garbage Monitoring system]

4.1.2 ARDUINO UNO

It is a microcontroller board fixed on the ATmega328. It has 14

digital input/output pins in which 6 can be utilized as analog inputs, 6 PWM
outputs, a power jack, a reset button, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, ICSP header
and a facilitation for USB connectivity. It operates on 16 MHz clock frequency. FIG
3: PIN DIAGRAM OF ARDUINO UNO It has operating frequency of 5V and input
voltage as 7- 12V. It has the flash memory of 32 KB and out of which 0.5KB
memory is used by boot loader. In this proposed system, Arduino Uno is
connected with ultrasonic sensor, GSM/GPRS & GSM SIM908 module and
potentiometer.

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 [IOT Based Garbage Monitoring system]

4.1.3 GSM/GPRS & GPS SIM908

SIM908 Module consists of Global System for Mobile communication, General

Packet Radio Services Global Positioning System. GSM is a digital, circuit switched
network for telephony system and it is used for sending the SMS alert. GPS is a
satellite based navigation system formed from at least 24 satellites. It works in
any weather pattern all over the world, 24 hours a day without any charges. The
GPS modem sends the latitude and longitude position with link pattern attached
with the help of the SMS which helps to track the current position of the trash
bin. SIM908 module is capable of using dual UART, only a single UART is used in
this board. By connecting with the Arduino Uno, the GPS engine is switched ON
through AT commands and similarly GSM is controlled through same UART by AT
commands. Individual antennas are provided for both GSM and GPS. A STUB
antenna is provided for GSM and an external Magnetic PATCH antenna is for GPS.
The Modem has default bate rate as 9600. A sim card should be inserted in the
slot of the module because the module needs the cellular network to send the
location data to the server as well as for the purpose of sending the short
messages.

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CONCLUSION

 Designed and implemented a prototype of a Garbage monitoring system

which can be used to keep smart cities clean from Garbage.
 The developed system provides improved database for garbage collection
time and quantity of garbage collection at each location.
 By implementing this project we will avoid over flowing of garbage from
the container in residential area which is previously either loaded manually
or with the help of loaders in traditional trucks. We are going built an
efficient garbage monitoring system which can be used to monitor the level
of garbage in the dump. This data is to plan garbage collection trips more
efficiently, ultimately reducing overflowing bins and helping have better
public sanitation.

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 [IOT Based Garbage Monitoring system]

REFERENCE

 www.labs.mediatek.com/linkit
 https://en.wikipedia.org
 https://github.com/sourabhdeshmukh/Smart-Dustbin
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System
 http://www.trimble.com/gps_tutorial/
 http://gpsworld.com/what-exactly-is-gps-nmea-data/
 http://www.gpsinformation.org/dale/nmea.htm

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