Additional Resource for Students | Doc Z

TIMELINE OF THE HISTORY OF VACCINES New York Doctor Makes an Important

1794
1000 Early Chinese Inoculation Observation
1545 Smallpox Epidemic in India 1796 Jenner's Breakthrough
1578 Whooping Cough: Epidemic in Paris 1798 Word of Jenner's Success Spreads
1612 Typhoid Fever Strikes Royalty 1799 Philadelphia Lazaretto Is Built
1613 Spanish Epidemic 1800 Waterhouse Brings Vaccination to the States
1625 Early Smallpox in North America 1801 Russian Empress Encourages Vaccination
1633 Colonial Epidemic Vaccination Endorsed
1802
1634 A Governor's Viewpoint Vaccination vs. Variolation
1648 Quarantine in Boston Origin of the Term Vaccination
1803
1657 Measles Appears in Boston A Vaccination Expedition
1659 Bladders in the Windpipe 1805 First Compulsory Vaccination Attempted
1661 Royal Support of Inoculation 1806 U.S. President Stands by Vaccination
1676 Sydenham Documents Measles Infection Italian Physician Uses Cows for Vaccine
1810
1678 Early Medical Pamphlet on Smallpox Production
1679 "The Indian Plague" 1813 U.S. Vaccine Agency Established
1684 17th Century Smallpox Treatment 1817 Cholera: The Pandemics Begin
1693 A Proclamation in Virginia 1820 A Decrease in Mortality
1694 A Royal Death 1822 Birth of Pasteur
1699 Yellow Fever in the American Colonies 1823 Jenner Dies
1706 African Use of Variolation 1826 Diphtheria Given Its Name
1713 Deadly Toll for Prominent Colonist 1831 Pasteur Observes Rabies
1718 Variolation in Turkey 1836 Method of Increasing Potency
Boston Smallpox Epidemic Britain Bans Variolation
1721 1840
The First English Variolation Pasteur Completes Bachelor of Arts Degree
1730 Continuing Colonial Epidemics 1841 Rubella: The Naming of the "Little Red"
1732 Death Brings Silence 1842 Pasteur Completes Bachelor of Science Degree
1735 The Plague Among Children 1844 Pasteur Continues His Schooling
1736 Franklin Loses Son 1846 Faroe Islands Yield New Observations
1738 Promise of Variolation 1847 Doctorate Won
1740 Rubella: The "German Measles" Pasteur Teaches Chemistry
1741 A New Name for a Disease 1849 Cholera: Snow's Early Findings
1747 Philadelphia Avoids an Outbreak Marriage of Pasteur
1749 Birth of Jenner 1852 Pasteur Promoted
1751 London Smallpox Deaths Mandatory Vaccination in UK
1853
1754 Jenner Is Orphaned Legion of Honor
1757 Infectious Nature of Measles Shown Cholera: Pacini Links Bacterium to Disease
1759 Spreading Word of Inoculation 1854 Studies of Fermentation
1763 Jenner Apprentices to a Surgeon Cholera: The Pump Handle
1764 Harvard, Adams, and Smallpox 1855 Vaccination Law Passes
Chickenpox: Disease Distinguished from 1856 Diphtheria in California
1767 Smallpox 1857 The Biology of Fermentation
Hopes for Future Eradication 1859 Pasteur's Daughter Dies
1768 Royalty Successfully Inoculated 1861 Measles Plays a Role in the Civil War
Protection by Cowpox Infection The Death of Spontaneous Generation
1770
Jenner Studies at St. George's Hospital 1862 Smallpox Hospital Loses 110 Patients in 1 Week
1772 Jenner Returns to Berkeley Smallpox and the Confederacy
1774 A Farmer Takes a Chance Lincoln Contracts Smallpox
1863
1775 Smallpox as War Breaks Out A New Post
1776 Smallpox Becomes a Weapon of War 1864 French Doctors Investigate Animal Vaccine
1777 Mandatory Inoculation for Continental Army Disease of Silkworms
1865
1781 Future President Contracts Smallpox Death of Pasteur's Daughter
Founding of The College of Physicians of Beaugency Vaccine Strain Begun
1787 1866
Philadelphia Another Tragedy
1792 Stricter Regulations Passed for Inoculation 1868 Pasteur Has a Stroke
1793 Yellow Fever Decimates Philadelphia 1870 Animal Vaccine Brought to U.S.
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1874 German Vaccination Law U.S. Army Researchers Discover the Cause of
1876 Efforts Increase Vaccine Production Yellow Fever
1877 Anthrax Investigations Antitoxin Contamination
Yellow Fever Cripples the Mississippi Valley 1901 Contamination Leads to Stronger Regulations
1878
Native American Tribes Affected Mosquito Control Efforts Reduce Disease Cases
1879 First Laboratory Vaccine 1902 The Biologics Control Act
1880 Rabies Studies Begin Anti-Mosquito Methods Allow Completion of
Carlos Finlay Identifies a Suspect 1904 Panama Canal
Pneumococcal: Bacterium Discovered Tuberculosis: Attenuation of Bacterium
1881 England Uses Vaccine from Calves North America Sees Last Yellow Fever Epidemic
A View of Smallpox Progression Contagious Nature of Polio Discovered
Landmark Anthrax Vaccine Study Serum Sickness Described
1905
Anti-Vaccination Arguments Spread A Physician's Plea
1882
Tuberculosis: Koch Isolates and Cultures Bacilli Tuberculosis: Fruitless Search for Antitoxin
Bacterium Identified U.S. Supreme Court Addresses Vaccination
1883
Cholera: Egyptian Investigations Whooping Cough: Bacteria Isolated
Attenuating the Rabies Virus 1906 Lederle Produces Antitoxin
Loeffler's Contributions Cholera: El Tor Strain Emerges
1884
Cholera: Koch Isolates Bacillus 1907 Toward Immunization
Rabies Success with Dogs Announced 1908 Poliovirus Identified
Another Success with Rabies Vaccine Air-Dried Vaccine Developed in Paris
1909
Boys Sent to France for Rabies Vaccine The Debut of "Typhoid Mary"
Cholera: Ferrán's Vaccine 1910 Flexner Investigates Polio Immunity
1885
O'Dwyer Uses Intubation Pneumococcal: Whole-cell Vaccine Tested
1911
Sporadic Epidemics Continue Haffkine Develops Heat-Killed Cholera Vaccine
Rabies Vaccine Used in Human 1912 Whooping Cough: Killed Vaccine Fails
1886 Pasteur Presents Rabies Results 1913 The Schick Test
Institute Pasteur Inaugurated Park's Breakthrough
1888 Roux and Yersin Investigate the Diphtheria 1914 Typhoid Vaccination Becomes Commonplace in
Bacterium the United States
1890 Antitoxin and Serum Therapy Rockefeller Foundation's Yellow Fever
1915
A Christmas Tale Commission Forms
1891 Advances in Vaccine Production Measles Continues to Spread in the U.S.
Tuberculosis: Koch's Tests Fail Measles-specific Antibodies Identified
Chickenpox: Relationship Between Chickenpox 1916 Typhoid Fever: Focus on Water Supplies and
1892 and Shingles Suggested Public Health Grows
Hib: Pfeiffer Discovers Bacterium New York City Polio Epidemic
New York Inauguration 1917 Hib: Bacterium Described
1893 Low Vaccination Rates Lead to Outbreak Anti-Mosquito Methods Control Yellow Fever in
Cholera: Haffkine's Indian Vaccine Trials Ecuador
Early Use of Antitoxin in U.S. 1918 Freeze-Dried Vaccine Used in Tropical Climates
1894 New York City Regulates Antitoxin Influenza: Spanish Influenza Pandemic and
First U.S. Polio Epidemic Vaccines
Antitoxin Production in the United States Dallas Disaster
1895 1919
Death of Pasteur Birth of Maurice Hilleman
Cholera: Kolle's Contribution Tuberculosis: First Human Tests of BCG
1896 Basis for Typhoid Vaccination Is Established 1921 Park's Diphtheria Campaign
Hib: Bacterium influenzae Polio Strikes FDR
Ehrlich's Immunity Unit 1922 School Vaccination Requirements
1897 1923 Ramon and Glenny
Bacterium Mistakenly Blamed for Yellow Fever
Britain Bans Arm-to-Arm Vaccine Transmission Whooping Cough: Conflicting Reports of Vaccine
1898 Regulation of Vaccine Supply Increases Success
1925
Britain Allows Exemptions Smallpox in Milwaukee
Early Typhoid Vaccines Used by British Military The Great Race of Mercy
1899 Glenny Develops Adjuvant
Yellow Fever Plagues Panama Canal Workers
1900 Measles and Smallpox Described Separately 1926 Opposition to Vaccination Grows
The Metropolitan Life Diphtheria Campaign
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Diphtheria Strikes Young Hilleman Adult Immunization Changed
1927
Cholera: Besredka's Bilivaccine 1954 Thomas Peebles Isolates the Measles Virus
Tuberculosis: League of Nations Recommends Massive Polio Vaccine Trial Begins in U.S.
1928 BCG Polio Vaccine Results Announced
Queensland Disaster The Cutter Incident
1955
The Iron Lung The Aftermath of the Cutter Incident
1929
Tuberculosis: Lübeck Disaster Polio Vaccination Suspended
1930 Max Theiler Takes on Yellow Fever Merck Hires Hilleman
More Than One Type of Poliovirus Proposed 1957 Koprowski Begins OPV Tests
1931 Steps Taken Toward a Vaccine Asian Influenza Pandemic
Hib Linked to Meningitis 1958 First Measles Vaccine Is Tested
1933 Influenza: Influenza Virus Isolated Soviet Trials of Sabin's Live Poliovirus Vaccine
1959
1934 Roosevelt's Birthday Celebrations Assembly Aims for Eradication
Early Polio Vaccine Trials Polio Vaccine and Simian Virus
1935
Changing Standards Rubella Virus Isolated
1960
Growing Poliovirus in Human Nervous Tissue One Measles Strain, Many Vaccine Attempts
1936
Max Theiler Develops Yellow Fever Vaccine Sabin's Polio Vaccine Licensed
March of Dimes Born A Flock of Chickens Changes Everything
1938 Rubella: Researchers Demonstrate Transmission 1961 Cholera: Seventh Pandemic
of Disease Rabies: Human Testing of New Live Virus Vaccine
Whooping Cough Vaccine Shown to Be Effective Attenuated Measles Vaccine Developed
1939 1962
Typhoid's Role in Warfare Dwindles A Killed-Virus Vaccine Fails
1940 Influenza: New Type of Influenza Isolated Measles Vaccine Licensed
College Graduation and Graduate Studies 1963 Rubeovax Licensed
1941 Poliovirus in Digestive System Hilleman Isolates Mumps Virus
Rubella Implicated in Congenital Defects Adjuvant Recommended
Hepatitis Outbreak Prompts Improved Vaccine 1964 Major U.S. Anti-Mosquito Measures Begin
1942
Safety Measures U.S. Rubella Outbreak Infects Millions
1943 War Breeds Outbreaks Hepatitis B: The Australia Antigen
FDR Pleads for Victory Against Polio 1965 Testing of Mumps Vaccine
1944 Commercial Employment The Bifurcated Needle
Vaccine for Japanese Encephalitis 1966 Experimental Mumps Vaccine
Influenza Vaccine Approved WHO Pushes Eradication Efforts
1945
Pneumococcal: Vaccine Largely Ignored Mumpsvax Licensed
1967
1946 Rabies: Virus Adapted to Non-nervous Tissue Hilleman Adopts New Rubella Strain
Tuberculosis: The International Campaign Studies on Interferon
1947
A Massive Vaccination Effort A More Attenuated Measles Vaccine
Whooping Cough: Vaccine Combined with A More Efficient Method
Tetanus, Diphtheria IPV Phased Out in U.S.
Hilleman Leaves Squibb 1968
Attenuvax: New Measles Vaccine
1948
Koprowski Tests Polio Vaccine on Himself A Vaccine for Chickens
Changes in Vaccine Production Vaccine for Hong Kong Influenza Pandemic
Kyoto Disaster Rubella Vaccine Licensed
Breakthrough in Culturing Viruses 1969
Rubella: First Vaccine Licensed
1949 Bodian Finds Three Types of Poliovirus Yellow Fever Mosquito Reappears in South
1970
U.S. Success with Vaccination America
1950 Koprowski Tests Polio Vaccine on Children Measles, Mumps, Rubella Vaccine Licensed
Theiler Wins Nobel Prize Marek's Disease Vaccine Licensed
1971
1951 Cultivation of Poliovirus in Monkey Kidney Tissue MMR Combination Vaccine Debuts
Massive Epidemic Hits Greenland Rabies: New Inactivated Vaccine
IgG Used for Polio Protection 1972 Routine U.S. Smallpox Vaccination Ceases
1952 Polio Cases Surge WHO Advocates DTP
Salk Begins Early Polio Vaccine Tests Tuberculosis: WHO Immunization Programme
1974
Chickenpox: Varicella Virus Isolated Chickenpox: Virus Strain Attenuated for Vaccine
Adenoviruses Identified Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Licensed
1953
Salk Becomes a Public Figure 1975 Last Wild Case of Variola Major
Salk Gives Vaccine to His Family
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Cutaneous Diphtheria Rotavirus: Vaccine Recommended
Whooping Cough: Fewest Annual U.S. Cases 2007 $200M Pledged to Fight Polio
1976 Reported American Measles Outbreaks Increase
Swine Influenza Vaccine Military Uses Vaccine Grown in Cell Culture
2008
Last Wild Case of Variola Minor Pennsylvania and Minnesota Hib Outbreaks
1977 Pneumococcal Vaccine Licensed Rotavirus: Another Vaccine Licensed
Pneumococcal: Multi-serotype Vaccine Licensed 2009 Diphtheria: No U.S. Cases for Five Years
Measles Targeted for Elimination Cholera in Haiti
1978
Smallpox Infection in a Lab Pneumococcal: Vaccine for Children Expanded
1979 Rubella: An Improved Vaccine Is Licensed Meningococcal Vaccine Rolled Out in Africa
Rabies: HDCV Licensed Yellow Fever Vaccination Efforts Continue
1980
Smallpox Declared Eradicated 2010 Looking to the Future
Chickenpox Virus Strain Licensed Volcanic Eruption Delays Polio Vaccination
Hepatitis B: First Subunit Viral Vaccine in U.S. Rotavirus: FDA Supports Vaccine
1981
Chickenpox: Attenuated Strain Licensed in U.S. California Pertussis Cases Increase 418% from
Measles Cases Drop Dramatically 2009
Pneumococcal: Vaccine Expanded to Provide 2011 Measles in France, United States
1983
More Protection 2013 Syrian Crisis Creates Foothold for Polio
1984 Hilleman Retires Group B Meningococcal Disease Outbreaks
Goal Set for Polio Elimination in the Americas Group B Meningococcal Vaccine Approved
1985
First Vaccine Against Hib 2014 West African Ebola Epidemic
1986 Hepatitis B: Recombinant Vaccine Licensed A Record Year for Measles in Elimination Era
1987 Conjugate Hib Vaccine Licensed South-East Asia Region Polio-Free
1988 Global Polio Eradication Initiative Measles Spreads from Disneyland
2015
Low Vaccination Rates Lead to Outbreaks Diphtheria Death in Spain
1989
Oral Typhoid Vaccine Licensed in the U.S. Zika Virus Emergency Ends
U.S. Military Ceases Routine Smallpox WHO Declares Zika Virus Emergency
1990
Vaccination Tuberculosis: BCG Today
2016
1991 Cholera: A Return to South America Type 2 Oral Polio Vaccine Discontinued
Diphtheria in the Russian Federation Measles Certified Eliminated from Americas
1994
Polio Declared Eliminated from the Americas Angolan Epidemic Stretches Vaccine Supply
Hepatitis A: Vaccine Licensed Cholera Vaccines Today
1995
Chickenpox Vaccine Licensed 35 Measles Deaths in Europe, Thousands of
IPV Returns to U.S. Schedule 2017 Cases
1997
Massive Vaccination Efforts in India Yemeni Cholera Epidemic
MMR Safety Questioned Circulating Vaccine-Derived Polio, 2017
1998
Polio Immunization Efforts in Sudan Measles Circulates in Venezuela Again
2018
Rotavirus: First Vaccine Withdrawn Polio Eradication Update
Imported Yellow Fever Cases Lead to American
1999 Deaths
Whooping Cough: Acellular Vaccine
Recommended
Endemic Measles Eliminated From U.S.
A Return to Salk's Vaccine in the U.S.
2000 99% Reduction in Polio Cases
Pneumococcal: Conjugate Vaccine for Children
Licensed
Bioweapon Threat Prompts Vaccination
2002
Polio Eliminated in Europe
2003 Number of Polio-Endemic Countries Dwindles
2004 Geneva Declaration on Polio Signed
Meningococcal: New Recommendation
2005 Polio Goal Unmet
Death of Hilleman
HPV Vaccine Licensed in United States
2006 Hepatitis A: Vaccine Recommended for All
Children