90188

901880
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For Supervisor’s use only

Level 1 Science, 2009

90188 Describe aspects of biology

Credits: Five
9.30 am Monday 23 November 2009

Check that the National Student Number (NSN) on your admission slip is the same as the number at the
top of this page.

You should answer ALL the questions in this booklet.

If you need more space for any answer, use the page(s) provided at the back of this booklet and clearly
number the question.

Check that this booklet has pages 2–9 in the correct order and that none of these pages is blank.

YOU MUST HAND THIS BOOKLET TO THE SUPERVISOR AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION.

For Assessor’s
use only Achievement Criteria

Achievement Achievement
Achievement
with Merit with Excellence
Describe aspects of biology. Explain aspects of biology. Discuss aspects of biology.

Overall Level of Performance

© New Zealand Qualifications Authority, 2009

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the prior permission of the New Zealand Qualifications Authority.
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You are advised to spend 40 minutes answering the questions in this booklet. Assessor’s
use only

QUESTION ONE : HARMFUL MICRO-ORGANISMS

Micro-organisms can affect humans in many ways. Bacterial infections can produce harmful toxins,
but viral infections do not.

(a) Explain why a person suffering from a viral infection will not suffer any effects from toxins.
In your answer, you should describe how toxins are produced.

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(b) Discuss why a person suffers no ill-effects in the first stages of a bacterial infection, whereas Assessor’s
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after a period of time, eg 24 hours, the toxins make the person unwell. Refer to bacterial life
processes in your answer.

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QUESTION TWO : FUNGI Assessor’s

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The diagram shows the generalised structure of a fungus.

A

(a) Discuss the roles of parts A–D, labelled in the above diagram. In your answer you should:
• name the parts A–D
• identify the role of each part
• explain how each part carries out its role.

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Yeast is an example of a fungus. Yeast and sugar are ingredients used to make bread. Gas is Assessor’s
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produced from fermentation by the yeast. This gas becomes trapped in the dough, causing it to rise.

(b) Discuss the roles of yeast and sugar in bread making.

In your answer you should:
• give a definition of fermentation and include a word equation for the reaction
• explain why sugar is needed
• explain the life processes of yeast that are involved in bread making.

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QUESTION THREE : CATS Assessor’s

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In cats, the polydactylism gene produces a paw with an extra digit (claw).
This is a dominant trait (E).

Normal cat paw Polydactyl cat paw

For copyright reasons, For copyright reasons,

this resource cannot be this resource cannot be
reproduced here. reproduced here.

http://www.maguirefarm.com/images/ http://www.dogbreedinfo.com/catbreed/
CatMistyFoot.jpg americanpolydactyl.htm

(a) State the genotype of a cat that has the normal number of digits / claws and explain why
this genotype results in normal paws. In your answer you should use the terms allele and
recessive.

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(b) Discuss how a kitten with the normal number of digits / claws could be produced by two cats Assessor’s
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that had only produced kittens with extra digits in previous litters. In your answer you should
state the genotypes of the parent cats, and explain why you have selected them. Use a Punnett
square to support your answer. (Use E for dominant trait.)

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QUESTION FOUR : TOMATOES Assessor’s

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Tomatoes have 24 chromosomes in each of their cells.

Cells can divide in one of two ways – mitosis or meiosis.
Study the information given in the table below.

Mitosis Meiosis
Number of daughter cells produced 2 4
Chromosome number in daughter cells 24 12
Variation Nil Yes
Purpose Growth Reproduction

Discuss why meiosis is used for reproduction, rather than mitosis.

In your answer consider:
• the processes of mitosis and meiosis
• how variation occurs in meiosis
• the chromosome number in daughter cells.

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Extra paper for continuation of answers if required. Assessor’s

use only
Clearly number the question.

Question
number

Science 90188, 2009