TFN REVIEWER § 10 steps to identify client’s problem

§ Nursing skills- observation of health

Theory- what happens first status skills of communication
§ Identification and Classification of
Florence Nightingale- envisioned nurses as Problems- typology of 21 nursing
body of educated nurse problems
Ernestine Wiedenbach Metaparadigm
§ The Helping Art of Nursing Person- Having physical, emotional, social
§ Influenced by Ida Orlando needs
4 elements in Clinical Nursing Health- state mutually exclusive of illness
§ Philosophy- attitude or belief towards Environment- home for community
life
§ Nursing- needs of patients through Nursing- helping profession
symptoms
§ Purpose- accomplish through her actions
§ Practice- observable nursing actions
Dorothea Elizabeth Orem
Person- endowed with unique potential to
§ Self care theory
develop self
§ Concept of Practice
Environment- conglomerate of objects § Member of a curriculum subcommittee
at Catholic unit
Health- Not defined § Mid-range theory

Orem’s conceptual Framework:

Virginia Henderson o Orem’s self care- identify the demand if

higher/lower
§ Nursing Need Theory o Self care demands- ability to meet
§ Modern legend in nursing demands
§ Foremost nurse of the 20th century o Nursing Agency- deficit
Nursing- Unique function of nursing is to assist Orem’s model and the nursing process
Metaparadigm o Assessment
o Evaluation
Person- have basic needs that are component of o Planning
health o Implementation
Environment- unique pattern of living Metaparadigm
Health- function independentl Person- integrated as “whole”

Health- state of wholeness

Fay Glenn Abdellah Environment- encompasses the elements
external to man
§ 21 Nursing Problems
§ Country’s leading researcher in health Nursing- art, a helping serving and a technology
§ Based on problem-solving method
§ Patient Centered care- required you to
take active role
Myra Estrin Levin Nola Pender

§ Nursing is Human interaction § Health Promotion Model

§ Conservation Model Theory -aims overall health-promoting lifestyle
§ -focused in promoting adaptation and
maintaining wholeness Major Concept
§ Conservation- to keep together
-­‐ Person- self concept
Framework on Conservation -­‐ Health- pursuit health through life span
-­‐ Health promotion- client behaviour
-­‐ Energy toward developing well being
-­‐ Structural integrity -­‐ Health protection- client behaviour
-­‐ Personal integrity toward preventing illness
-­‐ Social integrity -­‐ Environment- comfortable
-­‐ Nursing promote wellness by health
Metaparadigm promote education
Person- wholeness of the individual demands Key Concepts
Health- unity and integrity -­‐ Individual Experiences
-­‐ Behavior Specific Affect
Environment- person is constantly and actively
-­‐ Behavioral Outcomes
involved

Nursing- human interaction designed to promote

wholeness Dorothy Johnson
Internal environment- combined § Behavioral System Model
§ Based on Nightingale’s belief that
External environment- divided
nursing’s goal is to help individuals
prevent from disease

Jean Watson Functional requirments for BSM

§ Theory of Human Caring -­‐ Protection

§ The nurse is also cared of -­‐ Nurturance
§ The model emphasizes humanistic -­‐ Stimulation
aspects
Subsystems- interrelated parts that function
§ Middle-range theory
together to form a whole
§ Focuses on interconnectedness of
patient and nurse o Attachment Subsystem- most critical
o Dependency Subsystem- promotes
Carative factors- guides the care of nursing
helping behaviour
Metaparadigm o Ingestive- has to do with what, how
much, how
Person- subjective and unique o Eliminate- when, how and under
conditions
Environment- crucial to holistic healing o Sexual- dual functions
o Achievement- to control an aspect of self
Health- unity between physical, social, mental o Aggressive-protective- protection and
and spiritual preservation
Nursing- connective bond Metaparadigms
Person- behavioural system with patterned Betty Neuman

Nursing- external force that acts to preserve the § Systems Model Theory
organization
LOD- Line of Defense
Environment- consists of factors that are not part
of BMS -­‐ Primary Prevention- reduction of
possible risk factors
-­‐ Secondary Prevention- reduce the
noxious effects
Sister Callista Roy -­‐ Tertiary Prevention- adjustment of
processes
§ Roy Adaptation Model
§ Adaptation- a conceptual framework for Major Concept of her Theory
nursing
§ Considered a “systems” model o Content- comprise the whole client
system
Defines: o Entrophy- process of energy depletion
o Flexible LOD- protective
-­‐ Adaptation- process and outcome
o Normal LOD- usual state of LOD
whereby thinking and feeling persons
-­‐ Nursing- health care profession that LOR- Line of Resistance -series of concentric
focuses on human life processes circles
-­‐ Nursing science- developing system of
knowledge § Stressors- environmental factors
-­‐ Nursing practice- essential services § Prevention- primary nursing
intervention
Goal of Nursing- promotion of adaptation for
individuals and groups in 4 adaptive models Defines:

4 Adaptive Models Person- multidimensional being

-­‐ Physiological- physical and chemical Environment- totality if the internal and external
processes forces
-­‐ Self concept-focuses on psychological
and spiritual integrity Health- equated with wellness
-­‐ Role function- roles that indivuals
Nursing- unique profession concerned with all
occupy in society
variables
-­‐ Interdependence- close relationship of
people and their purpose

Defines: Imogene King

Person- holistic human adaptive system § Founder of king international group
§ Goal Attainment Theory
Health- state and process of becoming integrated
and a whole 3 Frameworks
Environment- stimulate the person to make -­‐ Personal- how the nurse views
adaptive responses -­‐ Interpersonal- how the nurse interrelates
-­‐ Social- how the nurse interact
-­‐ Action- means of behaviour
-­‐ Response- reacting
-­‐ Interaction- deals with the clients
 -­‐ Open system- absence of boundary
existence
-­‐ Preposition- if goals are achieved, Hildelgard E. Peplau
satisfaction happens
§ Theory of Interpersonal Relations
3 health needs § Nursing is therapeutic
§ Middle Ranged theory
1. Information
2. Care for illness prevention Roles of Nurse in Therapeutic Relationship
3. Total care
o Stranger- offering the client the same
Metaparadigm assistance
o Resource- providing specific answers to
Person- existing in open system questions
o Teacher- helping the client to learn
Health- ability of person to adjust stressors formally or informally
o Leader- offering direction
Environment- process of balance o Surrogate- substitute
Nursing- interacts and communicate with the o Counsellor- promoting experience
client Metaparadigm

Person- developing organism

Ida Jean Orlando Environment- existing forces
§ Deliberative Nursing Process Health- word symbol that implies forward
§ -motion by the behaviour of patient movement
5 stages Nursing- significant therapeutic interpersonal
1. Assessment-completes a holistic process
assessment of patient’s needs
2. Diagnosis- uses clinical judgement
about health problems Madeleine Leininger
3. Planning- problems identified in the
diagnosis • Culture Care Diversity and Universality
4. Implementation- uses the nursing care Theory
plan • Mid-range theory
5. Evaluation- looks at the progress of the
patient Metaparadigm

Goal: nurse to act deliberately rather than • Person- caring and capable of being
automatically concerned about basic needs
• Environment- Not defined
Metaparadigm • Nursing- a learned humanistic and
scientific profession focused on human
Human- an individual in need
care phenomena
Health- being without physical or emotional
Professional Nursing Care- formal and
discomfort
cognitively learned professional care knowledge
Environment- occurs when there’s a nurse-
Culturally Congruent (Nursing)
patient contact
Ethnonursing- the study of nursing care beliefs
Nursing- distinct profession
Transcultural Nursing- evolving knowledge
and practices related to new field

Joyce Travelbee

• Human to Human Relationship Model

-an experience or series of experiences
between a nurse and the recipient of his
or her care.

Interactional Phases

• Original Encounter- first impression by

the nurse of sick person
• Emerging Identities- the time when
relationship begins
• Empathy- the ability to share in the
person’s experience
• Sympathy- the nurse wants to lessen the
cause of patient’s suffering
• Rapport- describes as nursing
interventions

Metaparadigm

Person- human being

Health- subjective and objective

Environment- human condition and life

experiences encountered by the patient

Nursing- interpersonal process