 TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY

- Variety in biodiversity identities how much resources and species on ecosystem has, not just
in terms of raw species count, but also as an indicator of genetic and resource diversity.

The different types of biodiversity are illustrated below.

o GENETIC DIVERSITY
o The variation in the genes of a species of individuals as well as how they are closely
related the members of a species in an environment.

o SPECIES DIVERSITY
o The variability of different species represented in a community. In each ecosystem,
there are different species that interact with one another.

o COMMUNITY DIVERSITY
o Also known as ecosystem diversity refers to the variety of ecosystems in a given
region. A region may have either several ecosystems or just one.

o FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY
o Range of things an organism does in communities and ecosystems. It relates to the
manner by which species behave, obtain food and use the natural resources in an
ecosystem.

 IMPORTANCE OF BIODIVERSITY

At the most fundamental level, biodiversity is important to human beings because it is the source of our
food, shelter, medicine, and clothes. It is the life support system of all living beings (Australia State of
the Environment, 2016).

FIGURE 9.4

- Supports food security, dietary health and livelihood sustainability.

- Provides important resources for medical research (traditional and modern medicine.
- Plays a role in the regulation and control of infectious diseases.
- Essential for climate change adaptation.
- Has social, cultural, and spiritual importance with communities.

(content from COHAB Initiative,2010)

 Threats to Biodiversity
- There are different factors that negatively affecting biodiversity. The effects vary, with some
affecting only up to organismal level, while some may affects a whole ecosystem.

o Habitat Destruction
 One of the biggest treats to biodiversity.
o Over-exploitation
 Harvesting species from the wild at rates faster than natural population can
recover.
o Overpopulation
 The humans are speeding extinction and altering the natural world at an
‘unprecedented’ pace. As human population increases, the demand for human
needs and wants also increases.
o Invasive Alien Species
 Dwde
o Global Climate Change
 Dsda
 Interrelated of Society, Environment and Health
Asdasd

 Biodiversity in the Philippines

Eeweq
o Some Philippine Endangered Species (Wikipedia,”Top 50 Critically Endangered Animals
in the PH”, 2018 and Francisco, 2019;
 PH Forest Tutle
 Cebu brown dove
 Negros Fruit-dove
 PH Eagle
 Gigante Wrinkled Ground Frog
 Cebu Flowerpeckor
 PH freshwater crocodile
 Visayan warty pig
 Tamaraw
 Golden-crapped fruit bat
 PH spotted deer
 Luzon peacock swallowtail
o Some alien species in the PH with their effects (contents from Joshi, n. d. and Torrer-
Uriarte, n.d.)
 Forest mangrove
 Fire ant
 Spiraling whitefly
 Riceblack bug
 American cockroach
  Bigheaded ant
 Jumping plant lice
 Water hyacinth
 Golden apple snail
 Gold fish

Wildlife Resources conservation and Protect Act of the PH (Republic act no. 9147) enacted in 2001.