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Submitted by:
Frances Ingrid Mondragon
Submitted to:
Jhay M Lalucin
Science Teacher
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ABSTRACT
Matter can exist in one of several different phases: solid, liquid or gas. A change between these
phases is caused by a change in temperature or pressure. Water in its solid form is water ice, in
its liquid form it is called liquid water, and as a gas it is called water vapor. Some materials, like
Nitinol, have more than one solid phase. A change in temperature or pressure will cause them to
change from one type of solid to another type of solid, just like a change in temperature will
cause water to change from a solid to a liquid or vice versa. In this activity, you will explore the
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Acknowlegment
I, Frances Ingrid Mondragon, would like to dedicate this Science Invesigatory Project to people
who have businesses involving ice. For this topic will definitely help them a lot in their business.
I, Drexel Ken Cueto, would like to dedicate this Science Investigatory Project to students who
are into learning about physics. Because this topic will surely help them learn more about
physics as well as help them learn more about matter. I, David Lorenzo Morris, would like to
dedicate this Science Investigatory Project to my teachers and fellow classmates, for I have
learned so much throughout the years of doing SIP's, as well as learned to create a topic that will
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Table Of Contents
Abstract 2
Acknowledgement 3
Introduction 5
Definition of Terms 10
Methodology 11
Conclusion 15
Recommendation 16
Bibliography 17
Layout 18
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CHAPTER I:
I. Introduction
A. Background
This study was conducted for us to know how we can slice ice using a more simpler way. When
we usually cut ice, we would either use a knife for a clean cut, or use the wall to crack down the
ice. What we don't know is that there is another way of slicing the ice and that is to use a simple
thin wire. But the question is, how will a simple thin wire be able to cut ice? With the use of
pressure, we can easily slice the ice into half without it melting so quickly.
Main Problem
Sub Problems:
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Rationale Of the Study
General Objective
Specific Objective
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B. Significance of the Study
The significance of our study is to show how pressure can affect on solid materials like ice. Ice is
one of the kinds of solids that can be affected by the temperature of the place. This study is safe
for kids and adults, as well as for science teachers who will be tackling more on matter.This
study can also benefit people who have businesses involving ice, because ice is always needed
especially during the summer time. Ice is very popular at that time, for heat from the sun heats up
our bodies. So what better way to cool off than to have some sliced ice that is sliced from a
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C. Scope and limitation
Our study is limited for the students of Ages and Stages, as well as people that have businesses
involving ice, because this project will lecture them more about how ice can be sliced into halves
without the use of knives or cracking the walls. A simple thin wire was used to slice the ice into
halves, for metal can cause friction that will cause pressure to slice the ice into half. The main
purpose of the study is to know how pressure can affect ice without it melting. This study will be
conducted in a warm room with the materials needed, as well as the project will be done by the
group members.
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D. Review of the related literature
In this activity, you caused water to change phases (from solid to liquid) by putting pressure on
it. Water is in different phases depending on temperature, but also depending on pressure.
Putting pressure on the ice cube using the weights caused it to change to the liquid phase. Nitinol
is special because it has two solid phases. At lower temperatures, it is a soft, bendable solid. At
higher temperatures, it is a springy, rigid solid. Which phase it is in depends on temperature. This
phase diagram of water shows the temperatures and pressures at which water is a liquid, a solid
or a gas. The pressure normally on the ice cube is shown by the line labeled, ”1 atm.” Starting at
1 atm at 0 °C, move straight up. This represents the higher pressure put on the ice cube by the
wire. Will ice stay solid or turn to a liquid? But when you take Nitinol in its higher-temperature
form, like in Flexon eyeglass frames, it is superelastic, or very springy. What makes it
superelastic is that when you bend it, the pressure that you’re putting on the metal causes it to
change phases back to its softer form. As soon as you release the pressure, it changes back to its
more rigid form. Water ice does a similar thing. As the wire puts pressure on the ice cube, it
causes some of the ice to change to its liquid phase. As the pressure is released and the wire
moves down through the cube, liquid water changes back to its solid phase and re-freezes over
the wire. Nitinol isn’t the only material that has more than one solid phase. Diamond and
graphite (pencil lead) are two different phases of carbon. Steel and water ice also have many
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Hypothesis
Question:
Null Hypothesis:
Applying pressure to the ice as well as the thin wire will cause friction that can help slice the ice
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