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A good essay plan helps you arrange your ideas logically and stay on track during the writing
process.
Your plan should state how you're going to prove your argument, including the evidence you're
going to use. Structure your plan around the different parts of an essay. To do this:
1. Write your argument in one sentence at the top of the page – you'll flesh this out into your
introduction.
2. Write three or four key points that you think will support your argument. Try to write each
point in one sentence. These will become your topic sentences.
3. Under each point, write down one or two examples from your research that support your
point. These can be quotes, paraphrased text from reliable authors, etc. Remember to
reference your examples when you write up your essay.
4. Finally, write the main point you want to leave in your reader's mind – that's your
conclusion.
The introduction
The main body: a development of the issues
A conclusion
A list of references of the sources of information you have used
The Introduction
The function of the introduction is simply to introduce the subject, to explain how you
understand the question, and describe briefly how you intend to deal with it.
You could begin by defining essential terms, providing a brief historical or personal context if
appropriate, and/or by explaining why you think the subject is significant or interesting.
Keep the introduction short, preferably to one or two paragraphs and keep it, succinct, to
the point.
Some students find it best to write a provisional introduction, when starting to write an essay,
and then to rewrite this when they have finished the first draft of their essay. To write a
provisional introduction, ask yourself what the reader needs to know in order to follow your
subsequent discussion.
Other students write the introduction after they have written the main body of the essay – do
whatever feels right for you and the piece of work you are writing.
A Conclusion
At the end of an essay you should include a short conclusion, the purpose of which is to sum
up or draw a conclusion from your argument or comparison of viewpoints.
In other words, indicate what has been learned or accomplished. The conclusion is also a good
place to mention questions that are left open or further issues which you recognise, but which do
not come within the scope of your essay.
Neither the conclusion, nor the introduction, should totally summarise your whole argument: if
you try this, you are in danger of writing another assignment that simply repeats the whole case
over again.
References. You must include a reference list or bibliography at the end of your work.
One common downfall is to not reference adequately and be accused of plagiarism. If you have
directly quoted any other author's text you should always indicate exactly where the evidence
comes from in a reference. If you have read other documents in order to contrast your argument
then these should also be referenced.
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