CHAPTER 3

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the analysis, discussion and interpretation of data

gathered from the experimental research. Data were gathered through the

instrument that was used in collecting data, which are the cogon, crab shell, and

shrimp that was soak in to the saltwater with crude oil in different span of time.

The results were examined, compiled and evaluated to answer questions asked

at the research problem. As for as possible, data were tabulated and displayed

through the tables with the aim of identifying and discerning any patterns that

provided the best interpretation of the results of the study.

INFORMATION ON THE CRAB SHELL, SHRIMP AND

COGON AS OIL ABSORBENT

This part of the chapter shows the amount of volume absorbed in the

crab shell, shrimp, and cogon in every treatment. It also presents the amount of

volume in oil absorbed produced from the different treatments of crab shell,

shrimp, and cogon with a mass of 50 grams, and the different span of time. Each

table shows the mean and the standard deviation in every hour the crab shell,

shrimp, and cogon were soaked.

Volume of oil absorbed in the different treatments after one

hour of absorption.

This represents the volume in oil absorbed from the different treatments

after one hour.

Table 1

Volume of oil absorbed in the different treatments, after one hour

Amount of oil
Alternative oil absorbed in 1 hour
Absorbent (mL) TOTAL MEAN(M) SD
(per 50 g)
R1 R2 R3
Cogon (T1) 20 25.7 40 85.7 28.57 8.41
Crab shell
15 17 30 6.65
(T2) 62 20.67
Shrimp (T3) 10 15.5 20 45.5 15.17 4.09

There were three different treatments of the volume of oil absorbed were

observed. Cogon with 50 grams with (M=28.57,SD=8.41), the crab shell with

50 grams with (M=20.67,SD=6.65), the shrimp with 50 grams with

(M=15.17,SD=4.09).

The result revealed that the volume of oil absorbed from the different

treatments. It shows that the cogon grass with the mass of 50 grams has the

highest amount volume of oil absorbed in one hour, it shows that among the

three different treatments cogon grass has the faster oil absorbed.
Volume of oil absorbed in the different treatments after one

hour and thirty minutes of absorption.

This represents the volume in oil absorbed from the different treatments

after one hour and thirty minutes.

Table 2

Volume of oil absorbed in the different treatments, after one hour and thirty

minutes.

Amount of oil
Alternative oil absorbed in 1 hour
Absorbent and 30 minutes (mL) TOTAL MEAN(M) SD
(per 50 g)
R1 R2 R3
Cogon (T1) 20 25.7 40 85.7 28.57 8.41
Crab shell
15 17 30 6.65
(T2) 62 20.67
Shrimp (T3) 10 15.5 20 45.5 15.17 4.09

There were three different treatments of the volume of oil absorbed were

observed. Cogon with 50 grams with (M=28.57,SD=8.41), the crab shell with

50 grams with (M=20.67,SD=6.65), the shrimp with 50 grams with

(M=15.17,SD=4.09).

The result shows that the highest amount in volume of oil absorbed was

the cogon grass with 25.7 ml of oil absorbed after one hour and thirty minutes of

treatment.
Volume of oil absorbed in the different treatments after two

hours of absorption.

This represents the volume in oil absorbed from the different treatments

after two hours.

Table 3

Volume of oil absorbed in the different treatments, after two hours.

Amount of oil
Alternative oil absorbed in 2 hours
Absorbent (mL) TOTAL MEAN(M) SD
(per 50 g)
R1 R2 R3
Cogon (T1) 20 25.7 40 85.7 28.57 8.41
Crab shell
15 17 30 6.65
(T2) 62 20.67
Shrimp (T3) 10 15.5 20 45.5 15.17 4.09

There were three different treatments of the volume of oil absorbed were

observed. Cogon with 50 grams with (M=28.57,SD=8.41), the crab shell with

50 grams with (M=20.67,SD=6.65), the shrimp with 50 grams with

(M=15.17,SD=4.09).

The table reveals that the highest amount of volume absorbed in two

hours was still the cogon grass with the mass of 50 grams with the volume of 40

ml of oil absorbed, this indicates that among of the three different treatments

the cogon grass was the most oil absorbent.

 In general, the result Implies that among the three different treatments

with the same mass of 50 grams the most and faster oil absorbent is the cogon

grass with the volume of 20 ml in one hour, 25.7 ml in one hour and thirty

minutes, and 40 ml in two hours of observation.

Cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica), an invasive, unwanted grass was used

and evaluated for its applicability for the sorption of engine oil. Other than dried

and ground for smaller size, no notable treatment was performed on the cogon

grass. The physical and chemical properties of cogon grass were characterized

by ash content, bulk density, pH slurry, and Field Emission Scanning Electron

Microscopy (FESEM). That has a greater potential to absorb oil engines and other

different types of oil. According to the study of the website researchgate.net

That was the result of their study to an unwanted grass to absorb oil, this implies

that the potential of cogon grass as an oil absorbent was effective.

 Difference among the p-value of the volume of oil absorbed

The table below shows ONE WAY ANOVA test for the variance where in

the different treatments with the same mass of 50 grams of crab shell, shrimp,

and cogon, were subjected into different span of time as to one hour, one hour

and thirty minutes, and two hours. The tests were used to determine whether

the p-value of the varying volume of oil absorbed were significantly different

from each other.

Table 4

This table shows the significant difference in the volume of oil absorbed from

different treatments

One way anova

Sum of df Mean F Significance Decision Interpretation

Squares Square

Between 272.220 2 136.110 2.067 0.208 Failed Not

Groups to Significant

Reject

H0

Within 395.160 6 65.860

Groups
 Total 667.380 8

Table 4 shows the ONE WAY ANOVA test for the significant difference in

the volume of oil absorbed from the three different treatments where in the

same mass of 50 grams, the test implies that the assumptions of the same

variance of the oil absorbed in two hours F=2.067 p=0.208, thus the three

different treatments has a significant difference.

The result shows that there is no significant difference between the three

treatments, this means that reject the null hypothesis.It shows the significant

difference in the volume of oil absorbed from different treatments. It was found

out that the p-value of 0.208 is greater than the level of significance of 0.05.
 The oil sorption was performed in a batch adsorption system. The effects

of contact time, dosage of adsorbent and oil retention were investigated. The

bulk density and ash content of the prepared carbon was 0.34 g/ml and 7.80 %,

respectively. The pH slurry value was near neutrality (6.48). FESEM micrograph

of cogon grass showed jagged and rough surface. FTIR spectra revealed the

presence of aromatic rings of lignin and some aromatic compounds associated

with CH. Carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen (CHN) analysis revealed that 41% of

cogon grass consists of carbon. The cogon grass was observed to wet oil almost

instantly with sorption equilibrium time of 5 min. The dose of cogon grass was

found to slightly affect the sorption capacity. Oil retention experiments reveal the

good ability of cogon grass to hold oil with about 96% retention after 24 hours

dripping. This study may provide an insight on the usefulness of cogon grass for

removal of engine oils.

Difference among the p-value of the volume of oil absorbed

The table below shows ONE WAY ANOVA test for the variance where in

the different treatments with the same mass of 50 grams of crab shell, shrimp,

and cogon, were subjected into different span of time as to one hour, one hour

and thirty minutes, and two hours. The tests were used to determine whether

the p-value of the varying volume of oil absorbed were significantly different

from each other.

Table 5
This table shows the significant difference in the volume of oil absorbed from

different treatments

Sum of df Mean F Significance Decision Interpretation

Squares Square

Between 272.220 2 136.110 2.067 0.208 Failed Not

Groups to Significant

Reject

H0

Within 395.160 6 65.860

Groups

Total 667.380 8

Table 5 shows the ONE WAY ANOVA test for the significant difference in the

volume of oil absorbed from the three different treatments where in the same mass of

50 grams, the test implies that the assumptions of the same variance of the oil

absorbed in two hours F=2.067 p=0.208, thus the three different treatments has a

significant difference.

The results show that there is no significant difference, difference in the volume of oil

absorbed from different treatments. It was found out that the p-value of 0.208 is
greater than the level of significance of 0.05 therefore, failed to reject the null

hypothesis. This means that there was no significant difference between the three

groups.

Experiments on the potential of Cogon grass (lmperata cylindrica), a weed

harmful to other plants, for use as a low-cost and biodegradable oil sorbent were

carried out under various spill conditions. Flowers of Cogon grass adsorbed much larger

amount of high-viscosity lubricating oil (57.9 g-oil/g-sorbent) than that adsorbed by

Peat Sorb (7.7 g-oil/g-sorbent), a commercial oil absorbent based on peat. According to

(Berliante et al, 2012).