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The term ‘Work Ethics’ refers to the system of moral principles and rules of the conduct
applied to business. Business being a social organ shall not be conducted in a way
detrimental to the interests of the society and the business sector itself. Every profession
or group frames certain do’s and do not’s for its members
“Business ethics in short can be defined as the systematic study of ethical matters
pertaining to the business, industry or related activities, institutions and beliefs.
Business ethics is the systematic handling of values in business and industry.” —
John Donaldson
1. Religion:
Religion is the oldest source of Religion is the oldest source of ethical inspiration.
There are more than ethical inspirations. Every religion gives an expression of
what is wrong and right in business and other walks of life.
2. Culture:
Culture is the set of important understandings that members of a community share
in common. It consists of a basic set of values, ideas, perceptions, preferences,
concept of morality, code of conduct etc. which creates distinctiveness among
human groups.
3. Law:
The legal system of any country, guide the human behavior in the society.
Whatever, ethics the law defines is binding on the society. The society expects the
business to abide by the law. Although it is expected that every business should be
law abiding, seldom do the businesses adhere to the rules and regulations. Law
breaking in business is common eg. Tax evasion, hoarding, adulteration, poor
quality & high priced products, environment pollution etc.
.
Japan
Macro vision: Japanese value system is such that they are more oriented to
look at things from macro perspective. Japanese are patriots by nature. They
love their country and are honest and dedicated towards it .therefore, when a
Japanese joins an organization he is totally dedicated and gives his best
output because he knows this output will help in nation building, will
contribute in economic growth and development of nation. Thus individual
priority, goals and objectives become the second criteria for the Japanese.
Emphasizes spiritualism: Another characteristic of Japanese is that they are
inclined towards spirituality. They practice meditation, attend lectures on
spiritualism; believe in intuition and six senses. Thus they lead a peaceful
life which enhances their productivity level.
Professional life kept away from personal life: Japanese also believe not to
carry office work at home and external problems at home. They follow a
custom. Before entering their home, they keep their shoes outside and enter
inside bare footed to indicate that external stress and strain should be kept
outside. External disturbances should not create disharmony in their personal
life.
Business ethics: Japanese believe in business ethics. They provide products
and services to the customers and never ready to cheat them. Thus they
provide service to the community and fulfill social responsibility. They do
business fairly. They earn profit but not at the cost of quality.
Team spirit: Japanese value system emphasizes on team spirit. In an
organization or in society team spirit needs to be developed. It creates
harmony and positive synergy. Therefore, team output becomes better
compared to individual output. They believe in joint decision making. It
means employees should be involved in the decision making process along
with management. Sometimes they might know better than management.
Therefore, joint decision making will lead to better decision.
Holistic approach: Japanese are ever ready to spend on the training of the
employees, as they believe that the employees will be with the organization
for the long time. They have holistic concern for employees.
Self-management: Japanese culture also gives importance on self-discipline
and self-control. The individuals are expected to control their ego, anger,
hatred, greediness and maintain service attitude. It emphasizes more to give
then to take from professional life.
Non interruptions: Japanese also insist to avoid interrupting when someone
is thinking or speaking. They do not believe in using mobile phones in trains
unless it is allowed to do so as it disturbs the fellow passengers.
Informal relationships: People in Japan believe in informal relationships. For
example, in an organization employees can communicate directly with
higher authorities.
Long term relationships: Japanese look at things from long term perspective.
They give the best service not only to nation but also the whole world. They
provide best quality service to the customer. They believe in continuous
improvement and ever ready to work hard with sincerity and dedication.
They know due to this attitude, customers will be loyal to them. They
employees also feel that they are not mere employees, but a part of
organization and work accordingly.
America:
Loyal to the profession: Americans are more loyal not to the organization
but to the profession. If they get better opportunity they will leave the
organization and join somewhere else.
India