Raj Kumar Goel Institute of Technology, Ghaziabad

Printed Pages: 02 Subject Code: ME-302

(Following Paper ID and Roll No. to be filled in your Answer Book)

Paper ID: 1269 Roll No.

B. Tech. 2nd Shift

Branch - ME (3rd SEM)
FLUID MECHANICS
[Time: 3 hrs.] [Total Marks: 100]
Note: (i) The question paper contains three sections – A, B, C and D.
(ii) Attempt questions from each section.
(ii) Assume missing data suitably. Illustrate the answers with suitable sketches.
 Section – A
This section contains 10 short questions. Attempt all questions. Each part carries equal
marks. (2*10=20)
1. Define the term Buoyancy and centre of buoyancy.
2. Describe about Concept of Continuum.
3. Explain the term Meta-centre and Meta-centric height.
4. What do you mean by principle of superposition? What is Half-body?
5. What do you understand by the terms: (i) Total acceleration (ii) Convective acceleration (iii)
temporal acceleration
6. What do you understand by Profile drag on a body? Also differentiate between Pressure drag and
Skin friction drag.
7. What do you understand by laminar sub-layers and Buffer layer?
8. What do you mean by dimensionless numbers? Define Reynolds number and Froud’s number.
9. What is a Syphon? On what principle it works?
10. What do you mean by Eddy Viscosity and Kinematic eddy viscosity?

Section – B
Attempt five parts of following. Each part carries equal marks. (6*5=30)
1. The pressure difference Δp in a pipe of diameter D and length L due to viscous flow depends on the
velocity V, viscosity μ and density ρ. Using Buckingham’s π-theorem: show that pressure
difference:

Δp = μV f L ¸ ρDV
D D μ

2. Derive an expression for the velocity distribution and shear stress for viscous flow through a
circular pipe. Also sketch the velocity distribution and shear stress distribution across a section.
3. What do you mean by momentum correction factor and energy correction factor? Show that
momentum correction factor for viscous flow through a circular pipe is 4/3.
4. What is the stagnation point? Derive the expression for finding local velocity at any point in a fluid
flow system with the use of manometer.
5. A solid cone of base diameter D and vertical height H floats in water with its apex downwards. If the
specific gravity of the cone is S, show that for stable equilibrium

H2 < 1 D2 S1/3
4 1 – S1/3
OR
5. A circular plate 3.0 m diameter is immersed in water in such a way that its greatest and least depth
below the free surface are 4 m and 1.5 m respectively. Determine the total pressure on one face of
the plate and position of the centre of pressure.
6. Define the terms: (i) velocity potential function (ii) stream function
The velocity component in a 2-D flow field for an incompressible fluid is as follows:
u = (y3/3) + (2x) - (x2y) and v = (xy2) - (2y) - (x3/3)
Obtain an expression for the stream function Ψ.
7. A pipe of 300 mm diameter conveying 0.30 m 3/s of water has a right angled bend in a horizontal plane. Find
the resultant force exerted on the bend if the pressure at inlet and outlet of the bend are 24.525 N/cm 2.
8. (a) How would you distinguish between hydrodynamically smooth and rough boundaries?
(b) What is Magnus effect? Why is it known as Magnus effect?

Section – C
This section contains 3 ques. Attempt any 2 from each. Each part carries equal marks. (5*6=30)
1. (a) A horizontal venturimeter with inlet diameter 20 cm and throat diameter 10 cm is used to measure the
flow of oil of sp. Gr. 0.8. The discharge of oil through venturimeter is 60 lt/s. Find the reading of the oil-
mercury differential manometer. Take Cd =0.98.
 (b) Define the equation of continuity. Obtain an expression for continuity equation for a three-dimensional
flow.
(c) A cylinder of 0.6 m3 in volume contains air at 50˚C and 0.3 N/mm2 absolute pressure. The air compressed
to 0.3 m3. Find (i) pressure inside the cylinder assuming isothermal process and (ii) pressure assuming
adiabatic process. Take n=1.4, where n is exponent.
2. (a)What do you mean by Prandtl’s mixing length theory? Find an expression for shear stress due to Prandtl.
(b) Show that the Bernoulli’s theorem can be applied for Free vortex flow. And cannot be applied for Forced
vortex flow.
(c) A liquid is filled in the annular space between two concentric cylinders 30 cm long. The inner cylinder of
radius 10 cm rotates inside the outer cylinder which is stationary and has an internal radius of 10.05 cm.
Determine the viscosity of the liquid in poise of 10 N-m is required to maintain an angular velocity of 60
rpm.
3. (a) Show that the head loss due to friction is equal to one-third of the total head at inlet for maximum power
transmission through pipes.
(b) A vessel, cylindrical in shape and closed at the top and bottom, contains water upto a height of 80 cm.
The diameter of the vessel is 20 cm and length of vessel is 120 cm. The vessel is rotated at a speed of 400
r.p.m. about its vertical axis. Find the height of paraboloid formed.
(c) Define Compressibility and Bulk Modulus of elasticity for fluids. Prove that compressibility for a perfect
gas undergoing isothermal compression is 1/P while undergoing isentropic compression is 1/nP, where n is
adiabatic exponent.

Section – D
This section contains 2 ques. Attempt any 1 from each. Each part carries equal marks. (10*2=20)
1. (a) Define displacement thickness and momentum thickness.
For the velocity profile in laminar boundary layer as,
u/U = 3/2(y/δ)-1/2(y/δ)3
find the thickness of the boundary layer and the shear stress 1.5 m from the leading edge of the plate is 2 m
long and 1.4 m wide and is placed in water which is moving with a velocity of 200 mm per second. Find the
total drag force on the plate if μ for water is 0.01 poise.
(b) What do you mean by boundary layer separation? What is the effect of pressure gradient on boundary
layer separation layer? What are the different methods of preventing the boundary layer separation?
2. (a) A horizontal pipe line 40 m long is connected to a water tank at one end and discharges freely into the
atmosphere at the other end. For the first 25 m of its length from the tank, the pipe is 150 mm diameter
and its diameter is suddenly enlarged to 300 mm. The height of water level in the tank is 8 m above the
centre of the pipe. Considering all losses of head which occur, determine the rate of flow. Take co-efficient
of friction as 0.01 for both sections of the pipe. Also draw the H.G.L. & T.E.L..
(b) What is velocity defect? Derive an expression for velocity defect in pipes.