EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE STANDARD OF CONDUCT

PT&T v. NLRC
Neither capital nor labor should visit acts of oppression against the other, nor impair the
interest or convenience of the public.

ART. 1702 CIVIL CODE

Colegio de San Juan de Letran-Calamba v. Villas
In controversies between a laborer and his master, doubts reasonably arising from the
evidence, or in the interpretation of agreements and writings should be resolved in the
former’s favor.

Century Canning Corp. v. Ramil

In case of doubt, cases should be resolved in favor of labor, pursuant to the social justice policy
of labor laws and the Constitution.

ART. 19 CIVIL CODE

Mata v. Agravante
The common element under Articles 19 and 21 is that the act complained of must be
intentional, and attended with malice or bad faith.

Czarina Malvar v. Kraft Foods

Although a client may dismiss her lawyer at any time, the dismissal must be for a justifiable
cause if a written contract between the lawyer and the client exists.