Machines Using Multi-Point Cutting Tools:

Milling
 Classification of Milling Machines
Based on spindle orientation

• Vertical milling machine

• Horizontal milling machine

Based on construction

• Knee and column type

• Ram type
• Moving bed type
• Stationary bed type
Horizontal Milling Machine
Slab Milling Operation on Horizontal
Milling Machine
 Up/ Down Milling

Although the figure here shows for only slitting, this occurs in all
types of milling such as end milling and face milling..
Vertical Milling Machine
Face Milling on Vertical Milling Machine
Geometry of Face Milling Cutter

acmax = Vf / N Nt
Machining Time In Face Milling
Path of tool axis passes over
work piece
tm = (lw + dt ) / Vf

MRR in both cases = ae ap vf

Path of tool axis does not

pass over work piece

acmax same as in slab milling

 Operations on Vertical Milling Machine

a) Horizontal surface milling b) Slot Milling

 Operations on Vertical Milling Machine

a) Dovetail milling b) T Slot Milling

 Classification of Milling Cutters
Criteria Types
Material HSS or Carbide
Number of flutes Two/ three/ four etc.
Type Face mills
Slab mills
Side and face cutters
Slitting saws
End mills
Special cutters: Angle cutters, T-slot
cutters, Form cutters
Shank Parallel shank
Taper shank
Face Mill – Carbide Insert Type
Face Mill – Carbide Insert Type
Face Mill – Integral Type
Slab Mill – Brazed Carbide Tips
Slitting Saw
 Angle Cutters

A – Single angle cutter; B – Double angle cutter

[Krar, Fig. 60-7]
 Form Cutters

A – Concave; B – Convex; C – Gear cutter

[Krar, Fig. 60-8]
Form Cutters …

A – T-slot cutter;

B – Dovetail cutter;

C – Woodruff key seat cutter

End Mills

Flat end mill;

Ball nose end mill;

Taper end mill

Ball ended taper end mill

 Comparison of Milling Cutters
Cutter Cutting Edges on L/D Ratio Remarks

Slab mill Side High (>1)

End (bottom) High (>1) Most of the cutting is

Side by the side.
End mill
Therefore, ‘End mill’
is a misnomer.
End (bottom) Low (< 1)
Face mill Side partially

Both ends Low (<1)

Side and face mill Side

Slitting saw Side Low (<1)

Note: Consider the cutter as a cylinder. ‘End’ refers to the circular face of the
cylinder; there will be two ends. ‘Side’ refers to the cylindrical surface.