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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 04 Issue: 08 | Aug -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

IMAGE FUSION EHANCEMENT USING DT-CWT TECHNIQUE


1Lata Kushwaha , 2Dr. Vandana Vikas Thakare

1M.E Student, Department of ECE, MITS, Gwalior, India


2Professor,Department of ECE, MITS, Gwalior, India
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Abstract - The image fusion has been proposed for the levels between(1-6). Quantitative analysis is done for seeing
better perception which is based on the different algorithm. best result.
The input image passes through low pass and high pass
filters to eliminate the noise. The input is then decomposed 1.1 Luminace Review
to find the wavelet coefficient followed by the application of
fusion techniques DT-CWT, DWT and without X.H. Zhanga and et.al have proposed modified visibility
wavelet(ordinary fusion algorithm) The experimentation threshold equation and proposed a method for estimating
proves the fact that DT-CWT yields the quality output as just noticeable difference. They also explained DC tune
compared with the DWT and ordinary fusion algorithm. model for luminance adaption adjustment and contrast
masking with new innovations using human visual system.
Key Words: Perception, Dual tree complex wavelet They concluded that JND estimation in this paper provides
transform, low pass, high pass wavelet coefficient, DWT the better distortion measurement and visual signal
compression. Authors work for the luminance adaption,
1.INTRODUCTION contrast masking and influence of spatial frequency. An
approximate parabola curve in the 0- 255 range of gray
Image fusion is phenomenon obtained by attaching the levels is obtained by the visibility threshold of HVS in digital
relevant information of given set of images altogether by images. for luminance and provides base threshold for JND.
camera at different angles of a scene or object etc into a This gives better visual distortion measurement and visual
single image to get better perceptual and quality. To remove signal compression.[6]
the low quality information of an perceptual image obtained
from multiple source and images image fusion is done. [3] Paul Hill and et.al have proposed the wavelet transform for
The credibility of humans on technology is upgraded day by image fusion using contrast and luminance models.[8] In this
day vastly for their daily activities or work. The purpose of DT-DWT algorithm is used with JND equation along with
image fusion is to reduce the errors and noise from image of model 1 equation for luminance graph and contrast masking
a scene or thing. The demanding areas are robotics, equation for masking intensity. Notice-ability Index along
microscopic imaging and remote sensing. Image fusion is the with perceptual fused coefficient.[13] are used for
popular area of the technical research which is being modification of the coefficient .
upgraded as the research is inspired by industrial demand.
We have drawn the inspiration from the existing work and λ λ, λ,
their short-comings in fusion. These shortcomings have
initiated the new research with the aim of improvement. The Luminance adaption model
earlier research work was based on destructive and real
world prototype. But the modern simulation tools like
Matlab, Labveiw, Abacus etc have replaced the costly and
time consuming testing and prototype methods.[1] . In
this process the way of reconstructing individual sets of data
into one system is image registration.[2] Contrast masking equation
λ λ, λ,
Established algorithm provides the supremacy of the
proposed work whose coefficient provides a linear Notice ability Index given by
relationship. The possibilities of parametric adjustments
and algorithmic variations Only shows that there result can
direct the research im-practicular direction. In Proposed are Where I is the index of the images to be fused.
DT-CWT for its correctness and measuring the performance
parameters is compared with two methods which are Perceptual fused coefficient
discreet wavelet transform DWT using mean, min and max
methods and basic fusion algorithm without using wavelet.
Comparison of algorithm is done by changing decomposition

© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 643
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 08 | Aug -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Optimization
> AND Optimization is the phenomenon of making something as
perfect as possible. It can be defined in many ways. In terms
of technology optimization allows researchers to search for
optimal solutions to image fusion. It can also be defined as
Author have concluded that a fused image the way of finding alternative with the highest obtained
Not only contains most perceptually important content from performance under the given constraint, by increasing
the input images but also present its detail information with desired factors and minimizing undesired ones. For this DT-
its original perceptual importance. CWT algorithm is compared with other two algorithms DWT
and without wavelet algorithm.
1.2 Image Fusion Review
Wavelet Transform
Sweta K. Shah and Prof. D. U. Shah have proposed two Wavelet is the process of dividing of signal with short
categories of image fusion namely spatial fusion and duration finite energy function that starts with zero and ends
transform fusion. Authors proposed PCA of spatial and DWT, at zero. Mathematically wavelet is defined as
SWT of transform domain techniques. They implemented the
performance metrics without reference image to evaluate
the performance of image algorithm. The spatial domain Wavelet transform are differentiated in two types named
fusion directly deals with pixels of input image and in continual and discrete. A transform is called continual
transform domain image is first transformed into frequency wavelet transform if scale and location changes easily and
domain. Authors have proposed that spatial domain have vice-versa is called discrete wavelet transform. Wavelet
blurring problem. Transform domain provide a high quality transform has superior time and frequency qualities.
spectral content. Drawback of DWT is overcome by the Wavelet transform can be discriminated by father wavelet
SWT(Stationary Wavelet Transform). SWT is better function utilized in DWT for LPF and mother wavelet
technique than PCA and DWT.[16] function utilized in DWT for HPF.

Chaveli Ramesh and T. Ranjith have proposed the concept of Procedure


fusion symmetry algorithm. Fusion symmetry is the measure Read the two source images and resize both to same size.
that find the relative distance of the fused image with Apply algorithm to decompose source image into low and
respect to input image. If value of fusion symmetry is less high pass sub images. On each level we get four sub images 1
than fused image gets whole information of two input LP and 3 HP. Now apply wavelet coefficient rule to find fused
images. Authors have proposed an algorithm named LFT coefficient. Apply reconstruction algorithm for construction
which is obtained by transform domain. Output of this is fused image from fused LP and HP coefficient. At last fused
compared with other methods namely Average and image is obtained.
Laplacian Pyramid. Lifting wavelet theory is same as the
DWT except that the number of samples at each stage is
START

same as initial set. Author shows that when one of the two
sensors is inferior it gives fusion factor and fusion symmetry. I/P IMAGES
.[7] IM1

2. PROPOSED WORK IF
SIZE(P1)=SIZE(P RESIZE
2)

Decomposition WAVELET TRANSFORM


Decomposition is the way of seperating image into pieces
without decrease in information of main images. In terms of
image fusion it is the way of dividing a given image into WAVELET COFFICIENT RULE WAVELET COFFICIENT RULE

texture and important components which represents the (a). DT-CWT:


FOR LF FOR LF

information of source images. Important components DT-CWT is an algorithm used in fusion of images . It is
controls the geometric structure and smooth path of source nearly shift invariant. It INVERSE
is used to attain output with a
image. Texture is controlled by texture. On increasing sacking factor of forTRANSFORM
KWAVELET
dimensional signals for gathering
decompositon level loss of information is happened that’s input. Two real DWTs for fusion of images utilized different
why it plays an important part in fusion. And fusion quality sets of filters with each full-filling
FUSED IMAGE condition. First DWT gives
decreases so that obtained image is not clear as compared to real part of transform output and second part gives
that in lowest decomposition level. Decomposition depth imaginary part output . For the design of this following
depends on spatial level of object with its location and on the characteristics
Figure 1 Imageare used:[9][10]
Fusion based on Wavelet Transform
filter used in process of image fusion.

© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 644
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 08 | Aug -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

- Low pass filters in the two trees must differ by half b). DWT:
a sample period.
- Reconstruction filters are used for inverse. DWT is one type of wavelet transform which is of discrete
- In this all filters form the same orthonormal set. type. In other words it is the transform which converts
- Both trees have the same frequency response. discrete time signal to a discrete wavelet representation.
DWT is time variant and uses one filter. It is performed at
Methodology and model: pixel level. The process can be shown as a bank of filters. It
offers a precise way for image fusion by decomposing a
The figure below shows the basic idea of the proposed image into low frequency band and high frequency band at
algorithm of image fusion. Each image is passed to the low different levels also reconstructed at these levels. It is due to
pass and high pass filter to produce four components following reasons:
(LL,LH,HL,HH) for the actual , horizontal, vertical, and detail
components. Then the fusion rules are applied to these  Inherent multi-resolution in nature
components of the two images and then taking the inverse  Wavelet coding scheme
wavelet to generate the fused image.  Applications were scalability and tolerable
degradation are improved.[10]

Methodology
The figure below shows the basic idea of the DWT algorithm
of image fusion. DWT is applied to source images and
obtained wavelet coefficient. Each image is passed to the low
pass and high pass filter to produce four components Then
apply the fusion rules on it. After that inverse of algorithm is
taken to get output image.

Figure2. Fusion of two images using DT-CWT


Figure Flow diagram of DTCWT
Flowchart

Figure4. Flow diagram of DWT ALGORITHM

Model shows the proposed technique pseudo code


Input images are applied. Apply the input images into 1
filter stage for eliminating the noise Applying the inputs to
low pass filter and high pass filter for decomposing the
inputs to four components (LL,LH,HL,HH). Get the
approximate value of the wavelets coefficients. Applying the
fusion rules on it. Now Inverse the applied fused wavelet to
produce the fused image on combing coefficient.

2). Without Wavelet Algorithm


This algorithm is the process of getting an output image
with all regions in focus. The value of the pixel P (l, m) of
each image is taken and added. This sum is then divided by 2
Figure3 . Flow diagram of DT-CWT
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 645
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 08 | Aug -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

to obtain the average. The average value is assigned to the of corrupting noise that affects the fidelity of representation.
corresponding pixel of the output image which is given in Used to quantify the nature of remaking of project codes.
equation (1). This is repeated for all pixel values. PSNR
The higher PSNR better image
Where X (l , m) and Y ( l, m) are two input images. In this
maximum mode and minimum mode case is also defined. MSE
[11]
The MSE is a measure of the quality of an estimator which
Flow chart of DWT has always non-negative values closer to zero are better.
MSE =
Where A= Perfect image
START
B= Fused image i, j are pixel row and column index
m, n number of row and column
The lower MSE means better performance.

1ST input image 2nd input image e) SIMULATION

The matlab R2011a is used to simulate the fusion process in


DWT two ways. The batch processing has been implemented and
graphical user interface is also used which is as under:
After transform 1st
After transform 2nd
image coefficient
image cofficient
d

Fused cofficient

IDWT APPLY
Figure 6. GUI For Image Fusion

Fused image GUI has two push buttons to load two input images IM1 and
IM2 for the fusion purpose. The text box displays
decomposition level, where as it is the important part of
Figure 5. Flowchart of DWT fusion. Some more push buttons are used in this GUI Which
are described as follows. First button is used to display the
DT-CWT process output by interfacing the code with it.
d). Metrics Second button for second wavelet algorithm that is DWT.
Third button is used for displaying ordinary fusion algorithm
Metric is the mathematical analysis of an algorithm to show output. Fourth push button is used for showing graph
the performance and comparison among other algorithms. In between luminance intensity and just noticeable difference.
terms of image processing it is the mathematical comparison Last push button is used to exit the program. Two labels are
of algorithms to choose the best result of image fusion. used to display PSNR and MSE. Other four to display the
There are many methods to do this. PSNR and MSE very output of PSNR and MSE result with respect to each
commonly used. These are independent to each other. If algorithm push button. Three conditions are also displayed
PSNR increases and MSE decreases then obtained image is on the screen first shows DT-CWT related algorithm, second
of better quality.[15] for DWT and third without wavelet.

PSNR (f) GRAPH

It is the ratio between the original and a compressed image. Graph shown here is between JND and luminance intensity.
Ratio of maximum possible power of a signal and the power This graph shows the variation of luminance brightness with

© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 646
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 08 | Aug -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

respect to different models namely model1, model 2, model 3


and model 4.
INPUT IMAGES

DWT WITHOUT

Figure 9 Image Fusion At Decomposition Level = 6

In this figure considered a sample at different decomposition


Graph 1. Luminance intensity level. The sample image1 has some data and other image 2
has some changes. As a result get good quality image but
In this vertical axis’s shows JND and horizontal axis’s shows takes longer convergence time in second sample(Ex 2) both
luminance intensity. images are different and without defect. The output once
again have good perception and images are fused with all
(g). output details merged into one.

(h). Table

I. Example 1
INPUT IMAGES
D=1 D=3 D=6
PSNR MSE PSNR MSE PSNR MSE
PROPO 29.08 80.9 27.27 122.7 26.94 132.4
DWT WITHOUT SED
07 86 35 808 54 166

2.943 3.32 2.943 3.327 2.943 3.327


8 73 8 3 8 3
DT-CWT
Figure 7 Image Fusion At Decomposition Level = 1 DWT
WITHO 2.933 3.32 2.933 3.327 2.933 3.327
UT
8 74 8 4 8 4
WAVEL
ET
INPUT IMAGES

Ex1, (tables) shows the result of proposed (DT-CWT), DWT


and simulation without wavelet consistently. The PSNR is
DWT WITHOUT higher and MSE is lowest in all two tables of proposed as
compared to other two algorithm. It proves that proposed
algorithm yields better results over other algorithm
performance.

DT-CWT 3. CONCLUSIONS
Figure 8 Image Fusion At Decomposition Level = 3 The proposed algorithm DT-CWT is compared with DWT
and fusion without wavelet. Considered two samples. On the
basis of the result obtained by fusion of samples get finer
quality image but it more to yield the result. The perception

© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 647
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 08 | Aug -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

of the images is also supported by the quantitative metrics of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol. 2, Issue 5,
PSNR and MSE. This can be safely concluded the proposed Sep.-Oct. 2012 pp-4298-4301 ISSN: 2249-6645.
algorithm when applied on the images helps in the better
perception. [10]. Miss. Devyani P. Deshmukh and Prof. A. V. Malviya*2 ,”
Image Fusion an Application of Digital Image Processing
On increasing decomposition level PSNR of output images using Wavelet Transform” International Journal of Scientific
decreases and MSE of output image increases that proves & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 11, November-
that at low decomposition level obtained image is of good 2015 1247 ISSN 2229-5518.
quality and perception.
[11]. Bincy Bavachan and Dr.Prem Krishnan,” A Survey on
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