Rule 116

DAAN v. SANDIGANBAYAN

[G.R. NOS. 163972-77 : March 28, 2008]

Facts of the Case:

Joselito Raniero J. Daan (petitioner), one of the accused charged with three
counts of malversation of public funds and three counts of falsification of public
document by a public officer or employee, questions the denial by
the Sandiganbayan of his plea bargaining proposal.

The Sandiganbayan, dated March 25, 2004, denied petitioner's Motion to Plea
Bargain, despite favorable recommendation by the prosecution, on the main
ground that no cogent reason was presented to justify its approval.5

The Sandiganbayan likewise denied petitioner's Motion for Reconsideration in

a Resolution dated May 31, 2004.

This compelled petitioner to file the present case for certiorari and prohibition
with prayer for the issuance of a temporary restraining order and/ or writ of
preliminary injunction under Rule 65 of the Rules of Court.

Issue: Whether the lesser offense of falsification of a public document by a

private individual is necessary included in the crime of falsification of public
document by a public officer, hence petitioner may please guilty to the former.

Ruling: Yes. The petition is meritorious.

Section 2, Rule 116 of the Rules of Court presents the basic requisites upon
which plea bargaining may be made, i.e., that it should be with the consent
of the offended party and the prosecutor,10 and that the plea of guilt should
be to a lesser offense which is necessarily included in the offense charged.
The rules however use word may in the second sentence of Section 2, denoting
an exercise of discretion upon the trial court on whether to allow the accused
to make such plea.11 Trial courts are exhorted to keep in mind that a plea of
guilty for a lighter offense than that actually charged is not supposed to be
allowed as a matter of bargaining or compromise for the convenience of the
accused.

In People of the Philippines v. Villarama, the Court ruled that the acceptance
of an offer to plead guilty to a lesser offense is not demandable by the accused
as a matter of right but is a matter that is addressed entirely to the sound
discretion of the trial court.

It appears that the act of the accused in pleading guilty for a lesser offense of
falsification by private individual defined and penalized under Article 172 of
the Revised Penal Code will strengthen the cases against the principal
accused, the Municipal Mayor Benedicto Kuizon, who appears to be the master
mind of these criminal acts. After all, DAAN was merely designated as
draftsman detailed as foreman/timekeeper of the Municipality.

The petition is GRANTED. The Sandiganbayan is hereby ORDERED to grant

petitioner's Motion to Plea Bargain.