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Years ago, as the cost of commercial chicken feed skyrocketed, I found myself in
At the time, I experimented with rotating the flock on pasture and successfully cut
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After that, I experimented with free ranging and cut my costs by 90%!
Finally, I ended up with a compost feeding system that cut my chicken feed bill by
100% and gave me three cubic yards of compost a week!
My fascination with more natural (and much less expensive) feeds continues to
In this article, I’ll share with you many alternative food sources for your flock that will
Once you’re ready to implement one or more of these ideas you can download my
Before we explore the list of creative food sources, we should look at some basic
like the White Leghorn. If you have a lot of access for foraging, be sure to get
pure breeds that are naturally active and on the hunt for food.
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Cull inefficient and unnecessary flock members. This means you’ll need
to butcher, sell or give away excess roosters, old hens (older than 2.5 years)
or those that are genetically undesirable (low production, susceptible to
Think small. What’s the minimum amount of chickens to meet your needs?
The smaller your flock, the easier it will be to maintain from creative
resources.
Ration. Believe it or not, your chickens can eat too much! This isn’t just a
problem for the budget; it can actually decrease egg production. I encourage
experimentation with your chickens. You can stop serving their food “free
choice” (free choice means all day access to their feed) . Start rationing out ⅓
of a pound a day per chicken. Begin cutting back slightly every day until you
notice a drop in egg production. At that point, return to the amount of feed that
didn’t affect egg production and go from there. I wouldn’t ration their feed as
they are growing. Once they start consuming more than 1/3 pound of feed a
day, then you know it’s time to ration.
Don’t believe me that they can get too fat? It happened to me. Watch my vlog
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Why not feed our chickens and the soil at the same time?
Comfrey and stinging nettle are two classic builders that many consider weeds.
These plants can certainly be invasive, but if you turn that “problem” into food (and
medicine) for you and your flock, then the “problem” becomes a solution.
Comfrey
It’s edible, medicinal, is a great nitrogen source for the compost pile, and it’s a low
Comfrey is easy to grow (it can be planted any time of the year that you can work
the soil), and it will stay alive in extreme cold and heat (grows in US hardiness
zones 3-9).
Also, comfrey contains high levels of Vitamin A and B12 that can contribute to those
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2. Coe’s suggests you plant Comfrey in “‘fertile holes” to get established, and it
will thrive through the hottest summer or coldest winter. Comfrey needs three
foot spacing for proper root development and the highest yields. Strong,
mature plants on a three-foot grid will have the larger outside leaves touching
the ground.
Stinging Nettle
What many might call a noxious weed, I consider an abundant and consistent food
source. This “invasive” plant is medicinal, edible and when it’s dried it’s up to 40%
Nettle grows well in US hardiness zones 3-9. For more info on this plant click here.
Chances are you already have it. In that case, find it and transplant it to where you
want it.
Collect the mature seed heads and drop them anywhere you want nettles to grow.
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If you don’t already have the plant, you can easily buy the seeds.
As you can see, comfrey and nettle are two great resources for the homestead.
Even if you don’t need all of it’s natural bounty during the growing season for feed,
you could certainly use it in the compost pile, or even cut it and dry it out for hay!
Feed Direct:
You must cut the carcass open with a hatchet or something similar so the
You may consider removing the carcass after a couple of days to prevent
disease.
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Bucket Maggots:
You’ll get more protein for your “buck” if you don’t feed your carcass directly to
your chickens, but rather feed your chickens the maggots that develop from
the carcass! The flies will utilize much more of the carcass than the chickens.
Drill dozens of ⅜ inch holes in a food grade bucket and suspend it in the air
The flies will do their thing, and pretty soon maggots will be in search of some
ground. As a result, they will crawl out of the holes and drop right into your
chicken run.
In my vlog, “Maggot Dispenser = Free Chicken Feed” , I show how to build one of
these things and explain how it works.
Just be sure to use fresh carcasses to help prevent Clostridium botulinum that can
cause a deadly disease in your chickens called limberneck.
In his book Small-Scale Poultry Flock author Harvey Ussery emphasizes not to
include chicken slaughter waste that might include grain from their crops as this can
be a likely source of Clostridium botulinum growth.
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improve/maintain soil quality, hold moisture, prevent weeds and repel pests and
diseases.
Cover crops are a great garden strategy for the soil they can be food for our
chickens as well.
Here’s how to do it …
This will “die” back over the winter and come back in the spring.
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In the spring, graze your chickens over the patch with a mobile coop and
Photo Credit
Try planting yellow mustard, red clover, grain grasses, crucifers, alfalfa, and
cold-hardy peas.
A couple of weeks before you need the bed, allow the chickens in to eat, till,
If your chickens didn’t have time to complete the job, just finish it by hand by
loosening the soil with a broad fork and pulling up the cover crop and laying it
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Photo Credit
Cover crops in the garden between crops, during the growing season:
Use a fast growing cover crop like Buckwheat as it can mature within six
weeks.
Photo Credit
Cover crops for the plot after harvesting the main crop:
Instead of the traditional cover crops, try edible cover crops like fall crucifers,
mustards, raab, kale, rape, and turnips.
Harvest the crops throughout the fall and early winter for you and the
chickens, or allow the chickens directly in the garden for a time.
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This is especially useful if you won’t have time to plant after your garden crop
is done.
Wait until your garden crop is ⅓ of the way through it’s growing cycle, then
Try any of the clovers (white, sweet, or red). White dutch clover is especially
hardy as a living mulch that can even be walked on!
Once you’re done with this garden, cut and carry the produce and cover crops
to your chickens or give them direct access.
Photo Credit
What we’ve come to understand as “weeds” can also be a surprisingly good food,
and even a medicinal for both humans and chickens. Dandelion, lamb’s quarter,
stinging nettle, burdock, and yellow dock are some of the many weeds that can
creatively feed you and your flock.
How to do it:
Dandelion
Lamb’s quarter
Photo Credit
Stinging nettle
Burdock
Yellow dock
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Step #2: Uproot with a potato fork or similar by driving the tool into the ground and
loosening the soil around the roots (just enough to pull out the weeds).
Step #3: Clean them off and pitch to the chickens, roots and all. You can also put
Offer your flock what’s left of your produce. Cut and carry the goods or allow
them access to the finished garden beds.
Grow produce, especially for your flock. Mangal and chard beet are great
Cooked (not raw) potatoes could serve as a staple for your chickens.
Consider growing winter squashes as they store extremely well and can be
Since I have my wood stove heating my house during the winter, I cook hard
foods like potatoes, broccoli stems, carrots, onion, etc., as I heat my house!
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bought grain.
Gather wild seed or fruits (like berries) and plant to share the bounty with your
birds.
Every summer we could easily harvest gallons upon gallons of wild autumn berries,
sunflowers, sorghum or Amaranth. Follow the planting guides for any of these grain
crops you choose.
You could also grow great forage crops like Arrowroot, Chicory, Bok Choy,
Buckwheat, Clover, Cocksfoot, Linseed, Lucerne, Millet, Forage Plantain,
Choose a variety of these and plan a special patch for you and your birds!
I suggest one of two things, depending on the size of your flock or harvest: if it’s a
small harvest, just wrap your nuts in some old jeans or durable cloth and smash
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like the persimmon, mulberry, paw paw and of course all your favorite apples,
pears, peaches, bananas, etc. Harvest the produce for your chickens or give them
access to the fallen fruit.
flock.
Go out in the morning with a bucket of water while the bugs are lethargic.
Locate the bugs and hold your bucket underneath them while you flick or
shake the bugs off of the plant and into the bucket of water.
Or, buy non chemical japanese bettle trap <<<< no lie, I just bought that one
and I’m gonna give it a try. (yes, it’s an affiliate link).
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Allow your chickens in the garden for a limited time towards evening. They will
naturally go home at dark, and won’t have time to turn their attention from the
Chickens like bugs more than they like produce, so with timed grazing. Most of
this method. In my experience, the debugging has been well worth the cost of
a few veggies.
If your garden is small enough, you could protect your produce with chicken
wire or similar and allow the chickens constant access for bug control! Lisa,
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Duckweed is an aquatic plant that is easy to grow and can provide as much as
If acquiring specimen from a farm, you might want to ease its transition before
setting it out in the “wild”. Duck Weed Gardening put out a great resource on
Fertilize the pond with some chicken manure and stock the pond with fish
(carnivorous).
Harvest as needed, but try to maintain 1.5 to 2 pounds per square yard on the
entire surface. If there’s not enough, algae could grow and suppress it, and if
Photo Credit
Stock fish for yourself and be sure to give them all your leftovers and
butchering “wastes”.
Fertilize the pond by throwing in chicken manure. If you want to get extremely
efficient, you could arrange your chicken house (with a slotted floor) and allow
your chicken manure and any spilled feed to fall directly into the pond.
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Grow fish specifically for your chickens. Harvest, cut them up for easier
access and serve them to your chickens fresh (raw or cooked).
Great pond fish include catfish, bluegill, carp, bass, etc. If you’re going to have
duckweed and fish, be sure not to have too many fish, or they’ll eat your
duckweed faster than the plant can grow.
cycle that can create a protein rich source of food for our flock.
You can grow your soldier fly grubs (up to 40% protein) out of kitchen wastes and
get a high protein feed for your flock and rich compost in just a matter of days.
Soldier flies are naturally found in US hardiness zones seven and higher, but
can be introduced in cooler regions as well.
The female sets out in search of a nice place to lay her eggs. Her ideal
The eggs hatch as soon as four days, but no more than three weeks.
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These fat larvae immediately begin to consume the vegetables and turn it into
soil.
Before these grubs turn into flies (about ten days) they search for higher
As adults, their sole purpose is to breed and then lay eggs. They don’t have
much time, as they’ll only live 2-8 days! They don’t even have mouths and will
You can build or purchase soldier fly bins that hold your vegetable matter,
attracting female soldier flies. Many designs even include a ramp which the
How to do it:
Buy a BioPod. According to their website, “this can easily handle the daily
food scraps produced by a large family – up to 5 lbs per day. It can even
digest pet feces and most kinds of manure. For every 100 lbs of kitchen
scraps, you will get 5 lbs of friable compost, a few quarts of nutritious compost
tea, and approx. 15-20 lbs of self-harvesting grubs – which are the freshest
fish, herp, and bird food.”
Build one yourself from plans on the internet. Here’s a relatively large bin, that
looks reasonable.
In my vlog, “Bring on The Soldier Flies” , I show how I put mine together:
Not only do you increase protein, you up the vitamin, mineral and enzyme levels!
You can sprout seeds within 2-4 days using a bucket or bowl method or let them go
1. Purchase your grains/legumes like peas, corn, oats, wheat, etc., whole instead
of ground.
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2. Soak the desired amount of seeds for 24 hours in a food grade bucket or bowl.
3. Pour out the seeds through a strainer or a bucket filled with holes and rinse
thoroughly.
4. Set your newly rinsed seeds in another bucket and bowl and leave for another
24 hours. If it’s warm enough (60 degrees Fahrenheit or higher), they will have
5. Try to use a fairly warm room like a spot near the furnace in the basement.
The colder it is, the longer the seeds will take to sprout.
6. Rinse your seeds every 24 hours until all of your seeds have sprouted. This
7. For a continual supply, use four buckets in a rotation – one for soaking and the
other three for the rinsed seeds.
4. Water every day and harvest when they’ve reached the desired length.
Just last summer, I cut my commercial feed cost 100% through an amazing
compost system.
Worms can be grown all year and they’re a great source of protein and compost.
Depending on the size of your flock and your ambition you can practically grow as
1. Get a bin. DIY from plans online or purchase one. You can use wood, plastic
bins or similar.
2. Make sure the bin is ventilated. If you’re using plastic or rubber, drill ⅛” holes
throughout.
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level regulated.
5. Place the worm bin in a cool, shaded area.
6. Temperatures should be maintained from 30 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit for
optimization
7. Keep at least four inches of moist material in the bin at all times.
8. Establish bedding for the worms of shredded cardboard, paper, straw and
something similar, then sprinkle with dirt and moisten.
9. Make sure you don’t add much (if any) carbon to the mix, as you don’t want
11. Get your worms! Red Wrigglers work best and can be purchased online.
12. Add food scraps all at once, or at least once a week. Mix it in with your
bedding if possible. The worms will continually break this down. Don’t use too
much citrus, meat, dairy, or pet poop as it will be difficult to break down or toxic
(in the case of the poo).
13. If your bin starts to smell, ease off the material for a bit and let the worms catch
up.
14. After 3-6 months it’s time to harvest both the compost and the worms. Scrape
the newer, unfinished material out of the way and dig out the compost. You can
sift out your worms from the compost and send them on their way (to the
chickens), or you could throw it all to the chickens (especially if your chickens
are in an area like a garden bed or pasture that could benefit from the
compost).
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How I do it:
16 pounds!
I put cardboard over this and dampen, then close the lid and regularly check to
add moisture as needed.
When the worms are finished (3 – 6 months), I fill up the other side of the bin
and the worms naturally migrate.
Once the population of worms has grown enough for a worm harvest, I’ll
The finished good ends up being the BEST soil in the world. Here, take a look at
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Take advantage of the sun to cook harder-to-consume feeds like squash, pumpkins,
potatoes, etc.
How to do it:
Build your own or purchase your cooker. Wiki how has three promising design
options here and a quick search on Amazon revealed several cookers starting
at about $100.
Get a recipe for what you want to cook. Solar Cooker has several that include
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We keep a five gallon, food grade bucket in the kitchen at all times for our food
wastes.
How to do it:
Source, a food grade container, appropriate in size for your food wastes. This
could be as simple as a jar, food grade bucket, or as elaborate as a store
bought option.
Obviously, too much of any one thing is a bad idea, if it’s their only source of
feed. If they have other options, they’ll just leave the excess of what they don’t
need.
Throw in access to wild seeds, bugs, and worms and you could sustain your flock
entirely on pasture/yard if your flock is small enough and you have enough
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How to do it:
One option is to totally free range, but you’ll have to consider your predator
threats, neighbors, and having chicken poop everywhere. I once grew Black
Australorps for 16 weeks to consume as meat grown on free-range (I only fed
the 25 birds two 50 Ibs. bags of feed over the first eight weeks of their lives).
The free ranging birds thrived and weighed out more than others I had grain
fed free choice the entire time.
It’s best if you can rotate your chickens over pasture or yard to new ground
every day, or at least every week. You can use a chicken tractor for this or
mobile pasture system with an electric net. I pastured 15 birds one summer
enclosed in a 1,700 square foot electric net that I moved daily. I was able to
get their feed consumption down to less than a 1/10 of a pound of commercial
feed before the lack of feed affected their egg production.
It’s even better if you can rotate your birds three days behind livestock. Flies
will lay their eggs in the manure and at about the three-day mark, you’ll have
larvae for your chickens to consume. Not only have you provided chicken food
at this point, the chickens naturally spread the manure by scratching through it,
and they help control the fly population for the livestock.
If your chickens can’t have access to grass, bring it to them in the form of lawn
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I personally make an effort to feed our chickens milk from our family cow during the
winter when “live” protein foods are harder to come buy.
During the early spring, when egg production kicks back in but the greens and bugs
haven’t returned yet, I feed those eggs to the birds.
tongue, heart, liver, etc.). Check with your butcher and see if they’ll provide
“pet food” packaging of the less desirable products that are edible.
Bones from farm slaughter. They won’t eat the bones themselves, but they’ll
pick them clean of their meat. Make sure you ask the butcher for the bones
(they might not give them to you automatically). You could also make bone
broth over your wood stove or with a slow cooker. You could then feed this to
your flock in a feed pan or pour it over some bread to soak in.
Eggs from your chickens or other poultry. I scramble mine and throw it directly
on the ground, but you could certainly feed it raw in a feed pan.
Offer feathers from your slaughters as the chickens may consume them to
improve gut function.
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that interfere with the absorption of nutrients) and will make your food more
digestible, therefore making it a more efficient feed.
Alex Lewin, in his book, Real Food Fermentation says, “the process of fermentation
can actually create new vitamins, specifically B vitamins and Vitamin K2, as well as
some types of enzymes.”
How to do it:
ultimately need at least an inch above the grain. It’s important to have the
water layer as fermenting is an anaerobic process, which means it doesn’t
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days.
You can start harvesting your grain with a strainer daily. As long as you add
Conclusion …
That concludes my list of creative ways to feed your chickens on something other
than commercial feeds, but I’m sure there’s more!
Some of these food sources mentioned can single-handedly eliminate your food bill
forever. I suggest starting small, then implementing as many of these as possible to
If you liked this article, you’ll love my most popular Youtube video:
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