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Pre-reading
Using the following questionnaire, interview your classmates, colleagues, family,
and friends.
Questionnaire A B C
What kind of vacation do you prefer?
a. All-inclusive
b. A package deal that includes hotel and transportation
c. Traveling on your own
How do you like to travel on vacation?
a. By airplane
b. By car
c. By bus or train
Where do you go on vacation?
a. To a foreign country that is far away
b. To a foreign country that is close
c. To a place in my own country
Where do you stay?
a. In an international chain hotel
b. In a small, locally owned hotel or inn
c. In a hostel or bed-and-breakfast
d. Other (specify: )
What do you like to do on your vacation?
a. Relax and have a good time
b. Visit famous buildings and historic sites
c. Travel and enjoy the scenery
d. Other (specify: )
When you travel to a foreign country,
do you learn some of the language in advance?
Yes | No
do you get information about the culture in advance?
Yes | No
do you eat local food? Yes | No
do you buy local products? Yes | No
do you always clean up after yourself? Yes | No
1
Predicting content
Considering the title of the chapter, predict the content of the reading text. Which of the
following topics do you think will be included in the reading text?
□ How tourism affects the environment
□ How tourism began
□ How you can travel cheaply
□ Places you can visit on a vacation
Reading text
1 The world has shrunk dramatically over the past 60 years, because people can travel farther,
faster, and cheaper than ever before. Distant destinations that once took weeks to reach by ship
are a few hours away by airplane. Exotic places that people used to only dream of or read about in
books are as close as the nearest travel agency or online booking service. Luxurious locations on
the Mediterranean are affordable. Exciting adventures in the Amazon Rainforest or in the Hima-
layas are possible. Cultural immersion experiences for sightseers and globetrotters are available,
all because of one of the world’s largest and fastest-growing industries: tourism.
Vocabulary
EXERCISE
1· 1
Thematic vocabulary List 10 words or phrases related to tourism.
EXERCISE
1· 2
Academic vocabulary Using a dictionary, complete the following chart with the
correct forms and definitions of the academic words from the reading text.
EXERCISE
1· 3
Using vocabulary Complete each of the following sentences with the appropriate
word(s) from the chart in Exercise 1-2. Be sure to use the correct form of each verb and
to pluralize nouns, if necessary.
EXERCISE
1· 4
Nonacademic vocabulary Match each nonacademic word or phrase in column 1
with its definition in column 2. Then, indicate each item’s part of speech (n. for noun,
v. for verb, or adj. for adjective).
Reading comprehension
EXERCISE
1· 5
Reading for main ideas Identify the main idea in each of the following paragraphs
by answering the questions below. Answer in one sentence, if possible, and summarize,
rather than quote, details and figures by using an adjective or adverb; for example, use
large, small, rapid(ly), significant(ly), or weak(ly). The main idea of paragraph 1 has
been provided.
EXERCISE
1· 6
Reading for details For each of the following sentences, choose the correct answer
to fill in the blank.
Indicate which of the following statements are true (T) and which are false (F).
13. Give four examples of how tourism can negatively impact a community and its
surroundings.
14. What four economic benefits of tourism do some countries depend heavily on?
17. What initiatives have hotels taken to reduce their impact on the environment?
1· 7
Reading for interpretation and inference, part 1 Choose the boldface word
or phrase that correctly completes each of the following statements.
1. “The number of tourists traveling every year has exploded from 25 million in 1950 to 939
million in 2010.”
The number of tourists has increased by nearly 200 percent | 2,000 percent | 4,000 percent.
2. “For small Caribbean and Pacific islands, tourism can account for as much 40 percent of
GDP.”
Small islands depend heavily | somewhat | partly on tourism.
3. “The future of the fourth-largest global export activity (after fuels, chemicals, and
automotive products) looks bright for travelers, airlines, commercial tour operators, hotel
chains, hospitality businesses, and governments.”
Tourism is a major | minor contributor to the global economy.
4. “The International Hotels Environment Initiative (IHEI) has more than 8,000 members from
111 countries. In cooperation with the United Nations Environment Program and the
International Hotel & Restaurant Association, the IHEI developed an ‘Environmental Action
Pack for Hotels’ in 1995 to promote environmental management, energy and water
conservation, and waste and emission reduction.”
Efforts to minimize the impact of hotels on the environment are supported in many | some |
a few countries.
EXERCISE
1· 8
Reading for interpretation and inference, part 2 Choose the correct
interpretation for each of the following statements from the reading text.
1. “Exotic places that people used to only dream of or read about in books are as close as the
nearest travel agency or online booking service.”
a. You can find exotic places in your own city.
b. You can find exotic places in dreams and books.
c. It’s easy to book an exotic holiday.
2. “Developers and governments are particularly guilty of “greenwashing” projects that appear
to be environmentally aware on the surface but destroy ecologically sensitive areas during
large-scale construction.”
a. Developers and governments use the term “green” to make themselves appear
environmental.
b. Developers and governments are punished for destroying the environment.
c. Developers and governments clean up the environment.
3. “The red flags are already appearing. . . .”
a. There are many red flags to attract tourists.
b. There are many warning signs about the negative impact of tourism.
c. Red flags warn tourists of dangerous areas.
Reading strategies
Organizing information
To organize the information in a reading text, it is often useful to make an outline of the text,
just as you would when you write an essay. Choose headings that reflect the main ideas of
the text, then jot down important details and supporting statements under each heading.
Do not copy directly from the text; instead, use your own words to make your points.
Use a dictionary or thesaurus to find other words that will help you express the ideas in the
reading text.
Under the following headings, summarize the main points of paragraphs from the reading
text.
Definition of ecotourism (Paragraph 6)
Critical thinking
EXERCISE
1· 9
Making evaluations Indicate which of the following activities conform (✓) or do
not conform (X) to the concept of ecotourism.
1· 10
Making a case Using the information in the reading text, make a case for or against
the Royal Flush project proposed below. Do you think it should proceed or not, and why?
Would you suggest any changes to the proposal?
Bibliography
Lindsay, Heather E., “Ecotourism: the Promise and Perils of Environmentally-Oriented Travel”
(ProQuest, February 2003), http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/ecotour/overview.php.
Mastny, Lisa, “Traveling Light: New Paths for International Tourism” (Worldwatch Paper 159,
December 2001), http://www.worldwatch.org/system/files/WP159.pdf.
Merg, Mike, “What is Ecotourism?” (Untamed Path, January 2005), http://www.untamedpath
.com/Ecotourism/what_is_ecotourism.html#eco-links.
Neale, Greg, The Green Travel Guide, ed. 2 (London: Routledge, 1999).