Table of Content

Question 1 1
Concept and Characteristic of Team 1
Belbin’s Team Theory 2
Action Oriented Roles 3
i. Sharper 3
ii. Implementer 4
iii. Completer Finisher 4
People Oriented Roles 5
i. Coordinator 5
ii. Team Worker 5
iii. Resources Investigator 6
Thought Oriented Roles 7
i. Plant 7
ii. Monitor Elevator 7
iii. Specialist 8
Question 2 9
Factor Influence Team Effective Performance 9
Task Related Objective 9
Team Member Well Being 10
Team Viability 10
Team Innovation 11
Inter Team Cooperation 12
Question 3 13
Important of Communication 13
Method for Organization Achieve Effective Communication 14
Reference 16
QUESTION 1

Based on the literature that you have read, critically discuss the concepts of team and its

key characteristics

A team is a group of individual that different of behaviour and characteristic those have been

selected with the purpose of to achieve one of more common of objective. Each of individual

has their own responsibilities in a team, to accomplish mission given by organization their

need to cooperate and communicate each other for advantages of team. Business Dictionary

defines team as a group of people with a full set of complementary skills required to complete

a task, job or project [ CITATION Bus18 \l 1033 ]. Susan M.Heatfield state team as a group

of people organized to work together interdependently and cooperatively to accomplish a

purpose or a goal [ CITATION Sus19 \l 1033 ].

Generally, teamwork is defined as cooperation between those who are working on a task.

Teamwork is the willingness of a group people to work together in achieves a common vision

and mission for the each other interest and advantages. A team is build when individual

strengths and expertise is combining in the purpose of a common direction in order to

produce good results for the overall team members and the organization. In addition, each of

team members together needs to give full commitment while performing task for benefits of

team.

Cambridge dictionary define teamwork as the ability a group of people to work well together

[ CITATION Cam181 \l 1033 ]. Teamwork is important and essential in order to accomplish

the vision and mission of an organization. Shada Wehbe state that it is important to have

effective teamwork in organization and as an example, Steve Jobs would not have able to

interpret and develop his innovative and creative mind without his team of hard working

professionals with their abilities [ CITATION Sha17 \l 1033 ].

1
The concept of team is clearly specified the recommended number of persons, group

dynamics and other characteristic. Most definition of team is characterized as goal oriented

group that internally organized group with a small number of members responsible for

solving a problem arise while working on common task. In addition, establishment a group

usually existing in limited time only because a team is collaboration of different specialist on

common task purpose.

According to James Sommerville and Shirley Dalziel through their research on the

applicability of Belbin’s team role self-perception inventory on project teambuilding, the

research result has supported Belbin’s theory which is the roles are separate entities. This is

because each team member in group adopts several roles, and each of roles has different

characteristic and behaviour. From the research, they identify that people capable to adopting

all roles but only tend to choose role that they prefer and convenience with their skills and

expertise [ CITATION Jam15 \l 1033 ].

Belbin’s Team Theory

Belbin‘s Team Theory describes the concept a team role as a tendency to behave, contribute

and interrelate with others in a particular way. Belbin’s team theory identified nine team roles

and later being categorized those roles into another three big groups which is action oriented,

people oriented, and thought oriented. Each team role is associated with different typical

behaviour and interpersonal strengths. Belbin Team Roles measure behaviour, rather than

personality. An individual’s personality traits can be acknowledged to be fairly stable and

unchangeable, behaviour can and often changes to enable you to adapt to new working

environments and challenges.

2
Action Oriented Roles

Generally, Cambridge dictionary define action oriented person as individually willing or

likely to take practical action to deal with a problem or situation [ CITATION Cam18 \l

1033 ]. According to Aztenk, person with action oriented behavior tends to maintain a sense

of urgency to complete a task [ CITATION Azt18 \l 1033 ], always aware with the task given

and focus to accomplish it within the time given. Sumaiya Kabir state in How to be More

Action Oriented: Obstacles and Tips, the weakness of action oriented behavior are being too

perfectionist, there is good to be perfectionist but insisting too much can waste opportunities

in life.

Fast feedback loops from mistakes are more realistic than aiming for perfect performance in

one action [ CITATION Sum17 \l 1033 ]. This is because, people learn from mistakes and

from the worst times of life to gain experience and manage to overcome it. Action Oriented

consist of three role of individual in team which is shaper, implementer and complete finisher

i. Shaper

Shaper roles are one of behaviour listed under action oriented group Belbin Teamwork

Theory. Shapers are dynamic and high motivation individuals with a lot of nervous energy

and a great that need for achievement. They are primarily interested in getting things done as

quickly as possible. Team member with shapers roles enjoy competition and challenges, and

they are determined to overcome obstacles and win. They are likely to come across as self-

confident, even if they have doubts that they don’t allow others to see [ CITATION Bel17 \l

1033 ].

Potential weakness to have team member with sharper role are they easy neglect other team

member feeling because the attitude of eagerness to get everything done quickly [ CITATION

3
Bel17 \l 1033 ]. Individual with sharper roles often involve in the centre of a team conflict

because they tends to be argumentative, it is not easy to make them agree with other team

member opinion.

ii. Implementer

Implementer is the practical organizer within the team. Individual with implementer role can

be a little too practical and conservative when the usefulness of new ideas is not immediately

clear. VIA Institute on Character describe implementer in situation when once a team has

arrived at a decision on its direction, it needs to implement it. Thereby the implementer

constantly controls the current status and takes measures to work towards the goal

[ CITATION Wil182 \l 1033 ].

The weakness of implementer role are they are inflexible and hard to respond to new

possibilities after all plan already decide in team member, they will stick on the work frame

and never accept any changes although it will contribute advantage for future plan

[ CITATION Wil16 \l 1033 ].

iii. Completer-Finisher

Completer-Finishers are the people who see that projects are completed thoroughly. They

ensure that there have been no errors or omissions and they pay attention to the smallest of

details. They are very concerned with deadlines and will push the team to make sure the job

is completed on time.

Weakness of this characteristic is completer finishers are often associated with worrying

unnecessarily. In addition, their extreme levels of perfection can sometimes turn into a

negative and sometimes they are also generally unwilling to delegate [ CITATION Wil16 \l

1033 ].

4
People Oriented Roles

People oriented roles bring people and ideas together. A people-oriented individual focuses

on creating overall success by building lasting relationships with member of team. Most

individual with this type of leader always give commitment about tasks and schedules, but

they more focus on work culture in organization.

People-oriented team create a convenient workplace environment where each of team

member able to trust each other and feel loyalty toward the organization indirectly can

increase productivity because workers actually feel motivate to come to work each day

[ CITATION Ton15 \l 1033 ]. Similar with previous role oriented, people oriented roles also

consist of three individual role in team which is coordinator, team worker and resource

investigator

i. Coordinator

Coordinators role team member are the ones who applied on the traditional leader role a, they

capable to guide the team for team objectives achievement. They are able to be excellent

listeners and sharp to recognize the value of each team member contribution to group. Team

member with coordinator role are calm with good behaviour and delegate in implement tasks

effectively.

Coordinator role potential weaknesses are that they may over assign personal responsibility,

and may tend to manipulative for their own advantages. They have capable to influence other

team member but at the same time possible to create negative workplace environment.

ii. Team Worker

5
Team workers role are the team member that always act as supporter and ensure that each

member of team are giving cooperation while manage task effectively. These people fill the

role of negotiators be in centre within the team member and they are flexible, diplomatic and

perceptive.

Their weaknesses arise from team worker role are they tendency to be indecisive, they hate

conflict and will do anything to avoid it. This situation will make them abstain from to

involve in important discussion in team and hesitant to make any essential decision.

iii. Resource Investigator

Resource investigators role team member tend to be innovative and curious person. They

always willing to explore available options, develop contacts, and negotiate for resources on

behalf of the team. Individual with resources investigator role are enthusiastic team members,

they will identify external stakeholders to seek out information and use it to help the team

accomplish objective.

The weakness of resources investigator role are possible to be over optimistic, they will

become enthusiasm at the beginning of task distribution but has tendency to lose momentum

towards the end of a project and lose interest if no team member encourage them to keep

implement their task responsibility .

Thought Oriented Roles

Ideas are the important element of any organization, and a company that stops having new

ideas is one that will soon be in big trouble. Those people with character of the thought

oriented roles on a team are crucial to innovating and keeping the organization moving ahead.

The advantage to have team member that have thought oriented roles, there are good listener.

6
Thought oriented role individual will listen to other people ideas and later if need they will

contribute additional opinion for improvement. Team member that applied thought oriented

roles tends to analyse options and later will bring outcome to provide technical expertise

[ CITATION Bra17 \l 1033 ]. Under though oriented role, consists of another main three role

in team which is plant, monitor evaluator and specialist

i. Plant

The Plant is the creative innovator who comes up with new ideas and approaches. Each of

team need to have individual with plat role because they have ability tackle complex problem

with innovation and interesting method. Team member that have plant role enables problem

solving and provides creative insight that allows to look at things from a different perspective

and refreshing strategy to stay ahead of the competition [ CITATION Nib16 \l 1033 ].

Team member with this role are often introverted and prefer to work apart from the team and

because of that some of them failed to generate good communication between team of

member. Most of team member with plant role will have problem in build relationship with

other team member, because of their introvert’s personality it is hard for them to making first

move to communicate with people [ CITATION Ref19 \l 1033 ].

ii. Monitor-Evaluator

Individual with monitor-evaluators role are expert at analysing and evaluating ideas. These

people are smart and full with objective, and they carefully review the advantages and

disadvantages of all the options before decide any judgement. In addition, evaluating ideas is

an important factor in both successful idea management and innovation management, it is

advantages to team if their have individual with this role because according to Jesse

Nieminen in his article title Idea evaluation – What is it and how should one do it, evaluating

7
ideas is an effective tool and method for providing team with the best possible information

for making precise decision [ CITATION Jes18 \l 1033 ].

Monitor evaluator roles team member tends to be slow to come to decisions making. As a

result, they often lack the ability to inspire others people in the team Napoleon Hill and

Andrew Carnegie found that if a person are unable to make a quick decision even when

already have enough information, it will be hard to follow through on goals and objective

achievement [CITATION Wil17 \l 1033 ]. Monitor evaluators are likely to take much time

when deliberating a decision, which may be make frustrating to others in the team who want

things to move faster.

iii. Specialist

Specialists are people who have specialized knowledge and enjoy about learning in their own

particular task given. As a result, they are passionate to have fountain of knowledge and will

enjoy practice and share this knowledge to others team member[ CITATION Bel17 \l 1033 ].

They also struggle to improve their expertise while implement task given and indirectly they

able to increase the collective knowledge for team.

The main weakness of specialities role is lack of contribution to team, because of they focus

on personal improvement of skills and knowledge will lead them loss concentration in

cooperation within team member, this situation will cause bad relationship between

specialities person and other team member. This statement support by Chitra Reddy in her

article about Advantages and Disadvantages of Work Specialization, team member with

specialities roles tend to require them to continue work until end of work hours, because of

that, they lack of time to socialize with their other team or other units. As the result, this

affects their motivation level to some extent and indirectly affects their working and

dissatisfaction levels [ CITATION Chi16 \l 1033 ].

8
Question 2

Identify and discuss the factors that influence team effective performance.

Effective teams are the main point of most of the successful organization. Companies without

teams that work well together often struggle different with effective teams, each team of

member will help each other to improve quality, facilitate the completion of projects and

increase productivity and efficiency. Furthermore, for a company to work at optimal levels,

you must develop a team in which each member able to develop their own talents and skills,

which contribute to the overall achievement objective of the group.

Deb Calvet defines effective team as the capacity a group of individuals has to accomplish

their own and their shared goals and an objective clearly acknowledges the duality

[ CITATION Deb16 \l 1033 ]. This is because, a teams are combination of few individual in

one groups that shared same goals to achieve.

According to Michael A. West in book title Effective Teamwork, Practical Lessons from

Organizational Research, team effectiveness can be seen as constituting five main

components which is task related objective, team member well-being, team viability, team

innovation and inter-team cooperation [ CITATION Mic12 \l 1033 ].

Task Related Objective

An effective team will have a specific and challenging objective because explicit goals able

to inspire higher performance in team. This statement support by Gerald Ainomugisha in an

article title Why Your Team Must be Setting Team Goals, benefits of setting team goals are

one of method to help company in achieve objective, setting team goals with employees can

9
boost employee engagement, improve productivity and retention by ensuring that every

member in team understand their role in the overall strategy [ CITATION Ger18 \l 1033 ].

In research of How Smart HCM Drives Financial Performance, researchers found a strong

correlation between a company's financial performance and an effective goal setting process,

performance is a function of employee behaviour, the best strategy and business plan can be

successful if employees know how they connect with and serve the goals of business

[ CITATION Eri06 \l 1033 ]

Team Member Well Being

Putting a focus on the well-being of your team will contribute to several of advantages in

process of group mission achievement. In addition, it is important to recognize ability of team

member for their unique contributions to effective teamwork. The term ‘well’ can refer to

many different aspects of a person, it can involve emotional wellness, physical wellness, and

an overall feeling of engagement and happiness that comes from working in a career that is

fulfilling [ CITATION Mit17 \l 1033 ]. Employees with stratified condition in term of

physical and emotion able to well effectively engaged with each of group member and more

comfortable to fully committed with their jobs.

American Psychological Association (APA) conducted online among 1,714 adults between

January 12 and 19, 2012 on behalf of the APA by Harris Interactive, the survey found that

employees who feel valued are more likely to report better physical and mental health, as

well as higher levels of engagement, satisfaction and motivation, compared to those who do

not feel valued by their employers [ CITATION Ame12 \l 1033 ].

Team Viability

10
Cambridge Dictionary defines viability as able to work as intended or able to succeed

[ CITATION Cam19 \l 1033 ]. Jessica Nicole Cooperstein state in article title Initial

Development of a Team Viability Measure, team viability is a construct that useful in

determining how well a team will perform on subsequent tasks and indirectly can provide

information as to whether or not a team needs to improve upon their current behaviors as well

as if they will work well together in the future[ CITATION Jes17 \l 1033 ]. In addition, team

viability is defined as a team’s capacity for the sustainability and growth required for success

in future organization performance [ CITATION Suz16 \l 1033 ].

Team viability can allow for a more comprehensive assessment of team effectiveness for long

term and on-going organizational team [ CITATION Suz16 \l 1033 ]. In addition, according

to Bell and Marentette in article title Team Viability for Long Term and Ongoing

Organizational Team, team viability is most relevant for:

i. Teams that engage in multiple performance episodes

ii. Teams those are likely to undergo and respond to changes such as membership

change.
iii. Long-term organizational teams such as project or design teams.

Team Innovation

Generally, Business Dictionary defines innovation as the process of translating an idea or

invention into a good service that creates value [ CITATION Bus181 \l 1033 ]. In term of

organization, innovation mean implementing new ideas, creating dynamic products or

improving your existing services, innovation can be a catalyst for the growth and success of

your business, and help to adapt and grow in the marketplace[CITATION Dep14 \l 1033 ].

Lisa Caprelli mention in Reasons Innovation is Important, innovation factor contribute

continuous improvement because team with innovation factor able to give organizational

11
sustainability, an effective team will recognize the need to innovate and grows the business

skills to increase creativity of team member [ CITATION Lis18 \l 1033 ].

Above statement support by Michael Ringel research, in The Boston Consulting Group’s

tenth annual global survey of the state of innovation, 79% of respondents ranked innovation

as either the top-most priority or a top-three priority at their company, the highest percentage

since we began asking the question in 2005, when 66% said innovation was their top or

among their three top priorities [ CITATION Mic151 \l 1033 ].

Inter Team Cooperation

Objective of organization failed to achieve without cooperation because all the progress that

individual made in various fields is to be attributed to the cooperating spirit of team member.

Teamwork and cooperation is all about showing consideration for group members and

encouraging them to share their expertise with others in the group who would benefit from

that in their work. Team cooperation in any organization is always advantageous and can

improve overall employee performance and organizational productivity.

According to Hitesh Bhasin, team cooperation is one of important factor that can contribute

to effective team. This is because, the advantage in team cooperation is enhances knowledge

sharing among team member. Each of members in team is encouraged to participate and

contribute to the task given which results in compounded outputs, when employee showing

interest to cooperation in team, their efforts will become multiply, stronger and better than

working as individual. As the result, in the process, the employees working together exchange

ideas as each of them gain new perspective and knowledge on the tasks they are working on [

CITATION Hit17 \l 1033 ].

12
Peter T. Coleman and his team at Columbia which is Morton Deutsch International Center for

Cooperation and Conflict Resolution construct research on introducing cooperative tasks,

rewards and goals to teams is critical to establishing psychological safety and as the result,

better productivity produce particularly when teams work in a highly competitive

environment. Furthermore, result from working with cooperation between team members

they also success promote high trust, better communication, more sharing of resources, and

more liking of team members [ CITATION Pet18 \l 1033 ].

Question 3

Explain why communication plays a vital role in an effective team

According to Karen Cacciattolo communication in organizational activities cannot be

coordinated without communication among the various departments or parts of the

organization [ CITATION Kar15 \l 1033 ]. Communication is the most essential skill that

should be polished since all situations and all collaboration achieves at work and socially

results through effective communication. Teams with poor communication relationship will

failed and incapable to motivating their team member in a group.

Severe communication will wasted time and contribute to misleading action and

misunderstandings information resulting from their bad communication technique, the

company will also suffer the diminution of innumerable opportunities for organization

success. This statement supported by Neil Kokemuller, communication affect an organization

management, lacking in communication expertise will limit company ability to optimize

performance and failed to indicate actual potential. Specific negative effects of

communication problems include mistrust in organization culture, contribute to employee

restricted engagement, doubtfulness and incapable interaction with customer, investor and

board of director [CITATION Nei19 \l 1033 ].

13
Ashish Mohanty carried out study on the impact of communication and group dynamics on

teamwork effectiveness, the target of study is on service sector organization. One of the

hypothesis arise is communication is more effective in banking sector. Result from research,

they find out that communication, group dynamics and teamwork between each member in

department are main component for teamwork effectiveness [ CITATION Ash18 \l 1033 ].

Walid Al Salman and Zubair Hassan through research about impact of effective teamwork on

employee performance, their first hypothesis state that effective communication has a

significant positive impact on employee performance. As the result from research, effective

variables such as cohesiveness, effective communication, interpersonal skills, leadership,

accountability and trust represent 96.7% variance in employee performance. In addition,

conclusion from research findings, there is a positive and significant relationship between

effective communication and employee performance [ CITATION Wal16 \l 1033 ].

How may an organisation achieve this?

Communications have strong relationship with establishment of effective team. In addition,

effective communication and teamwork will contribute to maintain a positive work

environment. This is because a positive workplace is the evidence that employee success

interacting with each other. Each of team need to understand that the results they achieve in

the end of task may depend on how well they communicate with each other and it is the

important element that contribute to effective teamwork.

According to Kimberlee Leonard, to achieve effective team through communication element,

it is should begin with leadership to setup clear methods and standard [ CITATION Kim19 \l

1033 ]. Effective team will start with establish goals and expectations, and it is important for

leader to clearly state the defined expectations and start to clarify team member responsibility

to for achievement. Clarity in communication contribute high probability in reduces

14
confusion among team members. An effective leader cannot expect to enforce employee

accountability if employees are confused about what they are supposed to do.

Sandeep Kashyap states that communication through team building activities able to produce

effective team. Team building activities have a great impact on productivity and overall

teamwork in organization. This is because, through this activities able to help each of people

to communicate better, and also help them to build good relationships with one another

[ CITATION San17 \l 1033 ]. Create structure opportunities for your employees to

collaborate through activities like team lunch, ice breaker games in meetings, group

meetings, fitness sessions, puzzle solving games or any outdoor activity and organization

should arrange schedule for these activities at the end of the month or weekly to get all team

together in the same place.

Acknowledge other viewpoints is one of good method to develop communication between

team of member, as we know team is group of individual that usually comes with different

expertise and skills, each of team member have their own opinion from specialities

perspective. This method expressed by Jennifer Bridge, in team it is not enough to let others

speak their minds, as effective team member will show their support by actively listen to

other people and acknowledge their points either you agree with them or not. This is because,

listening other people viewpoints able be part of effective communication process, because

you will never know where the next bright idea will originate until you listening from other

view [ CITATION Jen18 \l 1033 ].

According to Deb Calvet, social processes and interaction among group member is one of

factors contribute to team effectiveness (Deb Calvet, 2016). Social processes are the method

in which individual and group interact to establish relationship through pattern of behaviour

(Samiksha S., 2017). Interaction is a part of important element in communication, interaction

15
must involve when more than one individual communicate each other. This is because, it is

way to create positive social processes in effective team.

16
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