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Document, Document,
The First Three Rules of Construction
By Scott Lowe
ne thing savvy contractors have
leamed is thae the first three rules
of the construction phase ofa proj
Unfortunately too many engincers do not
adequately document construction activities.
The problem with this isthe old maxim, “IFic
isnot in writing, ie did not happen,” Though
there is wisdom in this old maxim, it does not
tell the engineer whae to document or how
to document,
The first
lece the facts accurately and then to support
these fcts with written deseriptions and pho-
tographs so cha construction issues can be
quickly and fairly resolved.
“Three things to consider are
* Documencation is a must!
cal of documentation is ¢0 col:
+ Documentation is related to risk,
+ Documentation is only a ffetive as
shar is documented, why ifs docu
mented, and hut iis presented.
Documentation is a Must!
Not everything must be recorded but engi
ners ought to document everything that may
be important, so they have the necessary Faces
should disputes arise. While a true statement,
iis not very helpfl and easier sid than done,
“The information deemed important depends
fon the situation and what the engineer is
trying to communicate.
For example, itis noc essential for an owner
and engineer to record the cause of a delay
if the contractor mitigated ¢
ished che project on time, and did not ask
to be paid moze money. All is well that ends
swell. However, the owner and engineer must
delay, Gin
record the cause of the delay ifthe contractor
‘causes the delay, accelerates to mit
delay, and then asks the owner to pay for
the acceleration,
Te is noc known in advance which contrac
tots will accelerate to mieigate project delays
and not ask for additional compensation
‘or which coneractors will ask to be paid,
Prudent owners and engineers document
all delays,
ate the
Document
Documentation is
Related to Risk
The greater the tsk, the greater che need for
documentation to mitigate of contzol that
risk, Project documentation, to be useful,
should include che specific ficts needed co
subscantiate the engineer’ opinions and con-
clusions for presentation to the owner.
Engineers also need to protect themselves. For
camp, owners and contractors can dai chat
problems are atributed t0.a poor design. The
tengincer’s defense and the proper resolution of|
the ise comes from solid documentation of
both the design and che construction activities
related to the item(s) in question.
Effective Documentation
Three cechniques can be used to ensure that
valuable information is documented.
Engincersdo not have todo alltbe writing. Some
Federal agencies require the contractor to pro-
duce daily logs or eepors for the project. The
logsare then submitted tothe owner for review
and comment. The owner and engineer can add
anythingto the daily log cha they think should
be recorded of comment on the contractors
entries, This eliminates the need for both the
contractor and the owner/engineet to prepare a
complete daly log. The
minutes, submittal logs, RFI logs, and other
me valid for meeting
documents that can (and should) be shared
Writing s not she only form of documentation.
Pictures are unique tools, but often need an
explanation co help dhe reader understand why
the picture was eaken. In this digital ag, iis
casy to add cirdes and arrows toa photograph
to emphasize problems and focus attention,
but the value of adding notes should not be
underestimated. Without a shore paragraph
of writing to add clarity, che picaute is not
nearly as valuable. The writing also memorial-
izes the issue so tha, in the Future, iti easier
to remember che situation accurately
Document the whole story, not just pieces.
Pictures are powerful cools for documenta
‘ion, bur its crtical ro ensure that they tell
the whole story: Those doing the documenting
should always keep the story they want to
tellin mind,
‘Asan cxample, an engineer took ovo pictures
‘of the same bridge, on the same day, co make
4 point about the causes of delays during
‘construction, Two significant things had hap-
pened while the bridge was being built Firs,
the contractor experienced a form blow-out
while constructing one of the tall, slender
bridge piers. This pier supported the precast
‘concrete girders that crossed the river, Second,
during the erection of the steel
another pare of the same bridge, a construc-
tion document error was discovered and the
ders for
gitders needed to be re-fabricated
The owner asserted that the form blow-oue
caused the delay. The contractor asserted
that the steel design error caused he delay.
Because the engineer took two pictures on the
same day at the expansion joine between the