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NYC RO) Ome Document, Document, The First Three Rules of Construction By Scott Lowe ne thing savvy contractors have leamed is thae the first three rules of the construction phase ofa proj Unfortunately too many engincers do not adequately document construction activities. The problem with this isthe old maxim, “IFic isnot in writing, ie did not happen,” Though there is wisdom in this old maxim, it does not tell the engineer whae to document or how to document, The first lece the facts accurately and then to support these fcts with written deseriptions and pho- tographs so cha construction issues can be quickly and fairly resolved. “Three things to consider are * Documencation is a must! cal of documentation is ¢0 col: + Documentation is related to risk, + Documentation is only a ffetive as shar is documented, why ifs docu mented, and hut iis presented. Documentation is a Must! Not everything must be recorded but engi ners ought to document everything that may be important, so they have the necessary Faces should disputes arise. While a true statement, iis not very helpfl and easier sid than done, “The information deemed important depends fon the situation and what the engineer is trying to communicate. For example, itis noc essential for an owner and engineer to record the cause of a delay if the contractor mitigated ¢ ished che project on time, and did not ask to be paid moze money. All is well that ends swell. However, the owner and engineer must delay, Gin record the cause of the delay ifthe contractor ‘causes the delay, accelerates to mit delay, and then asks the owner to pay for the acceleration, Te is noc known in advance which contrac tots will accelerate to mieigate project delays and not ask for additional compensation ‘or which coneractors will ask to be paid, Prudent owners and engineers document all delays, ate the Document Documentation is Related to Risk The greater the tsk, the greater che need for documentation to mitigate of contzol that risk, Project documentation, to be useful, should include che specific ficts needed co subscantiate the engineer’ opinions and con- clusions for presentation to the owner. Engineers also need to protect themselves. For camp, owners and contractors can dai chat problems are atributed t0.a poor design. The tengincer’s defense and the proper resolution of| the ise comes from solid documentation of both the design and che construction activities related to the item(s) in question. Effective Documentation Three cechniques can be used to ensure that valuable information is documented. Engincersdo not have todo alltbe writing. Some Federal agencies require the contractor to pro- duce daily logs or eepors for the project. The logsare then submitted tothe owner for review and comment. The owner and engineer can add anythingto the daily log cha they think should be recorded of comment on the contractors entries, This eliminates the need for both the contractor and the owner/engineet to prepare a complete daly log. The minutes, submittal logs, RFI logs, and other me valid for meeting documents that can (and should) be shared Writing s not she only form of documentation. Pictures are unique tools, but often need an explanation co help dhe reader understand why the picture was eaken. In this digital ag, iis casy to add cirdes and arrows toa photograph to emphasize problems and focus attention, but the value of adding notes should not be underestimated. Without a shore paragraph of writing to add clarity, che picaute is not nearly as valuable. The writing also memorial- izes the issue so tha, in the Future, iti easier to remember che situation accurately Document the whole story, not just pieces. Pictures are powerful cools for documenta ‘ion, bur its crtical ro ensure that they tell the whole story: Those doing the documenting should always keep the story they want to tellin mind, ‘Asan cxample, an engineer took ovo pictures ‘of the same bridge, on the same day, co make 4 point about the causes of delays during ‘construction, Two significant things had hap- pened while the bridge was being built Firs, the contractor experienced a form blow-out while constructing one of the tall, slender bridge piers. This pier supported the precast ‘concrete girders that crossed the river, Second, during the erection of the steel another pare of the same bridge, a construc- tion document error was discovered and the ders for gitders needed to be re-fabricated The owner asserted that the form blow-oue caused the delay. The contractor asserted that the steel design error caused he delay. Because the engineer took two pictures on the same day at the expansion joine between the

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