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MATH100N –MMW with BIOSTATISTICS
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 It came from the Latin word “status” which means
political state or government.
 Before, it was used by rulers or kings to get
information on land, agriculture, commerce,
population of states to assess military potential,
wealth, taxation and other aspects of the state.
 It is the process of COPAI of data to come up with a
decision.
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 COLLECTING
 ORGANIZING
 PRESENTING
 ANALYSIS
 INTERPRETING
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 DATA- raw facts ; INFORMATION- processed facts
 POPULATION- totality or collection of all objects ,
individuals or reactions having common characteristics
 SAMPLE- sub-group of a population
 MAJORITY- represented by 50% + 1
 CENSUS- collection of data from every member of a
population
 SAMPLING- sub collection of members selected from a
population
 DESCRIPTIVE- If a researcher uses the data gathered on a
group to describe or reach conclusions about that same
group.
 INFERENTIAL- If a researcher gathers data from a sample
and uses the statistics generated to reach conclusions about
the population from which the sample was drawn.
 Any characteristic or attribute of interest about an
object under investigation that can take on different
possible outcomes.
Example: age, hair color, height, weight,
religious preference
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 QUALITATIVE- variables that can be placed into distinct
categories, according to some characteristic or attribute.
Example: gender, geographic location, civil status
 QUANTITATIVE- variables that are numerical and can be
ordered or ranked.
Example: age, height, body temperature

 DISCRETE- variables that are said to be countable and can

be obtained by means of counting
Ex: Number of children in a family
 CONTINUOUS- variables that can assume an infinite
number of values in an interval between two specific
values and can be obtained by means of direct or indirect
measuring.
Ex: Temperature

 Nominal- lowest level of data measurement which pertains

to any quality or description that does not involve any
order or rank.
 Ordinal- pertains to any quality or description which can
be arranged or

arbitrary and it can

ranked.
 Inter val- pertains to a quantity in which the zero point is
have a negative value
 Rat io- pertains to a quantity in which zero is absolute and it
can’t have a negative value
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NOMINAL

DIS CRETE
QUALITATIVE

ORDINAL

where:
DIS CRETE

n=
VARIABLE

ଵାே మ

n- sample size
N- population size
฀
DIS CRET E

ே
QUANTITATIVE

INTERVAL

CONTINUOUS

𝑒- margin of error ( 1% - 10% )

 A researcher wants to conduct a study on all 1550 first year

college students in the University of the Cordilleras.
However, he won’t be able to survey the whole population
due to lack of resources so, he decided to get a sample out
of the whole number of first year college students. What is
the least number of first year college students he can get as
a sample with a 5% margin of error?
DIS CRETE
RATIO
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CONTINUOUS

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for
when

฀
 One type of measure being used to describe a data set is
the measure of central tendency, which yields information
about the center or majority of a group of numbers.
 It is a single value that stands for or represents a group of
values in the given data set.
 The most common measures are the arithmetic mean,
median and mode.

interval / ratio measurements

there are no extrem e values in the
distribution
when higher statistical com putations are wanted
when the greatest reliability of MCT is wanted

 Simply mean, is the sum of all values in a data set

divided by the number of values that are summed.
mean =

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∑௫

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where: x- individual observations
n- total number of observations
Example: The following are the scores in a quiz by ten
students in Algebra. Find the mean score of the data set.
5 15 23 10 18 7 11
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 Can be computed by multiplying each value with its


corresponding weight and taking the sum of the products
and then divided by the total number of weights.

the
It
weighted mean =

Example:

grade.

Chemistry 1
PE 1
Biology 300
∑ ௪௫
∑௪

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5
2

for interval / ratio measurements

when
for
there are extreme cases
an open-ended distributions
middlemost value in the data set
where x- individual
observations
w- weight of each
observation

The final grades of a student in six courses were taken

and are shown below. Compute the student’s weighted mean

COURSE
Math 112
English 101
Filipino 1
NO. OF UNITS
3
6
3
FINAL GRADE

is found midway between the highest and lowest

value in a rank order distribution and divides the
distribution into two equal parts.
arrangement is necessary
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82
91
78
88
80
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 for nominal measurements

𝑀𝑑 = 𝑋 ାଵ

𝑀𝑑 = 𝑋 + 𝑋
2 ଶ

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฀฀ ଶ

ଶାଵ
௦

Example: Find the median of the following data sets:

b. Height (in centimeters) of 8 Cancer patients

123 156 157 145 135 157 161 150

when a rough or quick estimate of the central value is

wanted
most typical or popular value is wanted
𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛

a.Prelim Exam Scores of 5 Math100N Nursing Students in a 50-

item test`
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The value which occurs most frequently or has the highest

frequency in the data set and is not affected by the extreme
values.
Unimodal, Bimodal, Trimodal, Multimodal

Examples:
1.

3.
Blood type of 10 students
O B B
2. Age of 5 preschool students
4 5 5

88
AB

99
O

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Midterm Grade of 6 Nursing Students in Math
100N 88 77
B-

99 77
A- AB+ B
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describes the homogeneity of the group
the higher the value; the more heterogeneous is the given
data set
the lower the value; the more homogenous is the given
data set.

Types:
Range
Variance
Standard Deviation

Range= Highest value- Lowest value

Population Variance
Raw Score Method

ଶ
𝜎=
∑ ௫మି(∑ ೣ)

Sample Variance
Raw Score Method

variance.
𝑠ଶ=
ே
ಿ
మ

∑ ௫మି(∑ ೣ)

ିଵ
మ
Deviation Method

𝜎 ଶ= ∑ ௫ିఓ మ

𝑠ଶ=
ே

Deviation Method

∑(୶ି௫̅)

NOTE: The standard deviation is the square root of the

ିଵ
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