Sistema Endocrino y Reproductor ESTUDIANTE

UVM México Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud
Sistema Endócrino y Reproductor

Laboratorio de Estructura y Función Humana
Carlos. O. Aguilar Ortega
Blanca Aurora Hernández Cruz
Yoshio Rubén Sosa González
Ver. PROFESOR/2018-2020
Copyright © UVM México, 2017-2020. Todos los Derechos Reservados. 1

Aspectos Curriculares
Competencia vinculada a la asignatura:
Reconocer la estructura macroscópica y microscópica del Sistema Endocrino y Reproductivo normal, así como
su origen embrionario, para poder analizar los mecanismos fisiológicos que en él ocurren, a fin de integrar y
aplicar dicho conocimiento en la práctica clínica.
2.1 Dimensión biológica

Sustenta decisiones médicas en base a la síntesis del conocimiento teórico, científico y clínico acerca de la
estructura y función del organismo humano en condiciones normales y patológicas. Reconoce que entre la
expresión clínica y el proceso patológico existe una mutua interdependencia y que el abordaje preventivo o
terapéutico implica incidir sobre las redes multicausales de la enfermedad.
3.4 Conoce y aplica la bioinformática para solucionar y/o investigar problemas en el contexto médico.
Utiliza tecnologías de la información y la comunicación para organizar, analizar y distribuir información
biomédica con la finalidad de responder preguntas complejas en la práctica profesional.
Competencia Específica asociada a la práctica:
1. Comprender la organización y estructura macroscópica del sistema endocrino y reproductor.
2. Reconocer los principios básicos de la histología de los órganos que comprenden el sistema endocrino
y reproductor así como la interpretación histopatológica y clínica.
3. Integrar los principios elementales de la embriogénesis del sistema endocrino y reproductivo a la

génesis patológica de las anormalidades del desarrollo.
4. Comprender la función del sistema endocrino y reproductor aplicando los conocimientos de la biología
celular, los procesos biológicos, la biología molecular y genética.
5. Explicar los mecanismos generales de la Diabetes, integrando sus bases anatómicas, fisiológicas e
histológicas.

Índice de prácticas
No. Unidad Nombre de la práctica Página FECHA de

Ejecución:
0 0 Sesión de Encuadre
1 I Ubicación y Relación con Otros Sistemas: Sistema Endocrino y

Reproductivo.
2 I Aspectos Macroscópicos del Sistema Endócrino I
3 I Aspectos Macroscópicos del Sistema Reproductor Masculino
4 I Aspectos Macroscópicos del Sistema Reproductor Femenino
5 I Aspectos Microscópicos del Sistema Endócrino
6 II Aspectos Microscópicos del Sistema reproductivo Masculino A
7 II Aspectos Microscópicos del Sistema reproductivo Masculino B
8 II Aspectos Microscópicos del Sistema reproductivo Femenino
9 III Embriogénesis del Sistema Endócrino
10 III Embriogénesis del Aparato Reproductor Masculino
11 III Embriogénesis del Aparato Reproductor Femenino
12 IV Fisiología del Sistema Endócrino A
13 IV Fisiología del Sistema Endócrino B
14 IV Fisiología del Aparato Reproductor Masculino
15 IV Fisiología del Aparato Reproductor Femenino
16 V Caso Clínico Integrador: Endócrino
Prácticas Opcionales: POWERLAB
Anexos
Referencias y bibliografía recomendada


Práctica Número: 1 Duración (mins/horas): 120 minutos
Unidad de Contenido I. Estrcutura Macroscópica del Sistema Endócrino y Reproductor
Nombre de la Práctica Ubicación y Relación con otros Sistemas
Competencia Describir y resumir la organización y principales estructuras del Sistema

Asociada a la Endocrino y AReproductor.
Práctica:

Materiales
De la Institución/Docente:
• Laboratorio de estructura y función equipado con seis de trabajo.

• Equipos de Cómputo o iPads y Conexión a internet.
• Mesas plegables de exploración para anatomía de superficie (palpatoria).
• Negatoscopio funcionando.
• Alcohol-Gel y Toallas de papel.
• Modelos anatómicos de plástico del aparato o sistema a revisar.
Recursos digitales:
• Microscopía Virtual e Imágenes Radiológicas Digitales.
• ACLAND Video de Disección Anatómica en Cadáver: http://aclandanatomy.com/Multimedia.aspx?categoryid=39464
• VH Dissector en las Computadoras del Laboratorio.
• Visible Body PREMIUM Online desde PC/Mac:
http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&NEWS=n&CSC=Y&PAGE=main&D=vbpp15
• USUARIO: udvdm999 CONTRASEÑA: codigo1
*Véase Anexo para los controles y uso del mismo.
Del Alumno(s):
• Post-It tipo flechas pequeñas.

• Realizar las lecturas previas recomendadas, así como otras actividades de autoestudios necesarias para la adecuada
ejecución de la práctica. *
• Computadora personal o “Tablet” (una por equipo) y teléfono móvil inteligente (uno por equipo) para registro de
evidencia de la práctica. *
• Cuenta de correo @my.uvm.edu.mx funcionando (individual).
• Cuenta de Pórtico en línea funcionando (individual]).
• Atlas Anatómico Online (Pórtico UVM:
Moore: http://uvm.lwwhealthlibrary.com/book.aspx?bookid=739
Grant Dissector: http://uvm.lwwhealthlibrary.com/book.aspx?bookid=761
Grant Atlas: http://uvm.lwwhealthlibrary.com/book.aspx?bookid=760
*Requisito Previo a la Práctica: El equipo que no lleve el material necesario no tendrá derecho a ingresar al
laboratorio a realizar la práctica.

BRIEFING Inicial
por parte del Profesor
PREPARACION (5 MINUTOS)
1. Con la ayuda del auxiliar de laboratorio prepara el material que se ocupará durante la práctica.
2. Presentación e ingreso al laboratorio
3. Organización de equipos, 5 equipos para 5 mesas de trabajo rotatorias de 5-6 integrantes.
Planear 5 estaciones de trabajo para actividades cronometradas recomendadas en la práctica.
4. Explica el propósito de la práctica y da instrucciones de lo que se realizará en cada mesa de trabajo
SESIÓN DE PREGUNTAS Y RESPUESTAS (10 MINUTOS)

1. El docente modera una sesión de preguntas y respuestas sobre el tema a tratar.
Ejecución de la Práctica
(para el Profesor)
EJECUCIÓN DE LA PRÁCTICA (110 MINUTOS)
1. Lleva los tiempos y ayuda a los alumnos a llevar la cronología.
2. Provee Feedback descriptivo durante la práctica.
3. Resuelve dudas durante la ejecución.
4. Promueve el buen Comportamiento del equipo durante la ejecución de la práctica
5. Verifica la Entrega de material limpio y completo.
6. Utiliza un Modelo de FACILITADOR NO INSTRUCCIONAL.

Secuencia Didáctica: “MESAS ROTATIVAS EN CARRUSEL”

MESA DETRABAJO 1 (20 minutos)

HERRAMIENTA(S): Visible Body + Atlas Anatómico + Modelos Anatómicos de Plástico
UBICA en los modelos Anatómicos de Plástico las siguientes estructuras:
1.- Hipotálamo
2.- Glándula Pituitaria
3.- Glándula Pineal
5.- Glándula Tiroides
6.- Glándula Paratiroides
7.- Glándula Adrenal
8.- Páncreas
Masculino:
1.- Pene
2.- Testículos
3.- Epidídimo
4.- Vias Deferentes
5.- Vesículas Seminales
6.- Ductos Eyaculatorios
7.- Uretra
Femenino:
1.- Útero
2.- Vagina
3.- Cérvix
4.- Ovarios
5.- Tubos Uterinos
6.- Genitales Externos
EVIDENCIA a recolectar: Fotografías de Modelos de Plástico Digitales

HERRAMIENTA(S): Videos de Disección en Cadáver: ACLAND + Atlas Anatómico
Ahora construye una tabla en donde indiques las correlaciones anatómicas de cada una de las estructuras previas así
como sus características principales.
EVIDENCIA a recolectar: Cuadro.

HERRAMIENTA(S): Videos
Verifica el siguiente video introductor, toma notes, apuntes y has un esquema del concepto (Mapa Conceptual).
CrashCourse (2016). Endocrine System, part 1 - Glands & Hormones: Crash Course A&P #23. Disponible vía Youtube:
https://youtu.be/eWHH9je2zG4
EVIDENCIA a recolectar:Mapa Conceptual


Verifica el siguiente video introductor, toma notes, apuntes y has un esquema del concepto (Mapa Conceptual).
CrashCourse (2016). Endocrine System, part 2 - Hormone Cascades: Crash Course A&P #24. Disponible vía Youtube:
https://youtu.be/SCV_m91mN-Q

CIERRE (Conclusiones)
1. Tener presentes los objetivos de aprendizaje de la práctica para dirigir el feedback entorno a ellos.
2. Propiciar que los estudiantes identifiquen el aprendizaje que han obtenido: ¿qué aprendimos hoy?
3. Fomentar que los estudiantes identifiquen los aspectos positivos y negativos de su trabajo durante la sesión:
¿qué hemos hecho bien? ¿qué podemos mejorar?
Escuchar los aspectos positivos y negativos que identifiquen los estudiantes, con el fin de construir un “plan de mejora”
para próximas sesiones. Priorizar las propuestas que establezcan los estudiantes, haciendo sugerencias en base a las
observaciones realizadas a lo largo de la sesión. Es importante reafirmar los acuerdos, para que queden claros a todos
los participantes, de ser necesario, establezcan fechas (p. ej. “para la siguiente sesión, revisaremos brevemente antes
de la práctica X o Y tema”; “realizarán una publicación en twitter el día de mañana antes de las 20 horas una síntesis de
lo que investigaron”)
*Opcional verificación del conocimiento previo con una estrategia de preguntas y respuestas o quiz.
Aprendizaje Auto-dirigido (Independiente)

2 horas en Casa
Construcción de un portafolio de evidencias que incluya:
a) Portada Institucional
b) Evidencia* Recolectada en cada Mesa de Trabajo.
c) Reflexión de lo que se aprendió en cada Mesa de Trabajo (1 Párrafo).
d) Incluir un Glosario de Términos de Todas las Estructuras Anatómicas y Procesos Fisiológicos revisados durante
la práctica.
e) Incorporar 2 referencias bibliográficas APA Style o Vancouver**.
Consideraciones:
*Todas las imágenes deben tener señalados las estructuras anatómicas o procesos fisiológicos asociadas a la práctica.
** Las referencias bibliográficas deben ser extraídas exclusivamente de la Biblioteca Digital “Pórtico UVM” y referenciadas
debidamente conforme al estilo APA o Vancouver. (Según decida el docente).
Método de Evaluación
Rúbrica para evaluación de portafolio de evidencias electrónico (Ver Anexo).
*El producto de aprendizaje: Portafolio de Evidencias, demuestra la correcta ejecución de la práctica así como el dominio
de los conceptos, habilidad, destrezas y actitudes del alumno durante y después de la misma en el autoestudio; por lo
que es considerado un método de evaluación tanto de la práctica como del aprendizaje independiente.

Nombre de la Práctica Sistema Endócrino

Asociada a la Endocrino y Reproductor.
Práctica:

Materiales

Recursos digitales:
Del Alumno(s):


BRIEFING Inicial

(para el Profesor)



1.- Hipotálamo
UBICA en los modelos Anatómicos de Plástico las siguientes estructuras, obtén fotografía, marca con post it las
principales estructuras que las conforman.
Opcional: Actividad Digital, en lugar de Modelos Anatómicos, utiliza el Modleo Virtual, Señala las estructuras principales
que conforman éste órgano o glándula.
Material de Apoyo ACLAND Anatomía de Disección (Vía Pórtico UVM):

http://aclandanatomy.com/MultimediaPlayer.aspx?multimediaId=10528491
Material de Apoyo, Video de Disección anatómica vía Youtube:
https://youtu.be/ErpxEwlWww4

2.- Glándula Pituitaria y 3.- Glándula Pineal

Pituitaria: http://aclandanatomy.com/MultimediaPlayer.aspx?multimediaId=10528529
Pineal: http://aclandanatomy.com/MultimediaPlayer.aspx?multimediaId=10528487
OPORTUNIDAD: VIDEOS QUIRÚRGICOS

Pineal Tumor Resection: https://youtu.be/A1XUtVDdR64

5.- Glándula Tiroides y 6.- Glándula Paratiroides

Thyroidectomy: https://medtube.net/surgical-oncology/medical-videos/17384-robotic-thyroidectomy-
transaxillary
Parathyroidectomy: https://medtube.net/surgical-oncology/medical-videos/17467-endoscopic-transaxillary-
parathyroidectomy


7.- Glándula Adrenal y 8.- Páncreas

Pácnreas: http://aclandanatomy.com/MultimediaPlayer.aspx?multimediaId=10528635
Suprarenales: http://aclandanatomy.com/MultimediaPlayer.aspx?multimediaId=10528653

Pancreatectomy: https://medtube.net/surgical-oncology/medical-videos/19266-distal-pancreatectomy-for-
neuroendocrine-tumor


2 horas en Casa
la práctica.
Consideraciones:

Nombre de la Práctica Aparato Reproductor Masculino.

Práctica:

Materiales

Recursos digitales:
Del Alumno(s):


BRIEFING Inicial

(para el Profesor)



Escroto y Testículos
Opcional: Actividad Digital, en lugar de Modelos Anatómicos, utiliza el Modelo Virtual, Señala las estructuras principales


2.- Pene


Pineal Tumor Resection: https://youtu.be/A1XUtVDdR64

5.- Tubulos Seminales



Thyroidectomy: https://medtube.net/surgical-oncology/medical-videos/17384-robotic-thyroidectomy-
transaxillary
Parathyroidectomy: https://medtube.net/surgical-oncology/medical-videos/17467-endoscopic-transaxillary-
parathyroidectomy

7.- Glándula Adrenal y 8.- Páncreas

Pácnreas: http://aclandanatomy.com/MultimediaPlayer.aspx?multimediaId=10528635
Suprarenales: http://aclandanatomy.com/MultimediaPlayer.aspx?multimediaId=10528653

Pancreatectomy: https://medtube.net/surgical-oncology/medical-videos/19266-distal-pancreatectomy-for-
neuroendocrine-tumor


2 horas en Casa
la práctica.
Consideraciones:

Nombre de la Práctica Aparato Reproductor Femenino.

Práctica:

Materiales

Recursos digitales:
Del Alumno(s):


BRIEFING Inicial

(para el Profesor)



Útero
Opcional: Actividad Digital, en lugar de Modelos Anatómicos, utiliza el Modelo Virtual, Señala las estructuras principales


DaVinci Robotic Surgery: https://medtube.net/gynecology/medical-videos/14745-davinci-robotically-assisted-
hysterectomy-with-removal-of-both-fallopian-tubes-and-ovaries

Tubos uterinos, ovarios


Ovarian Endometrial Cyst Removal: https://medtube.net/gynecology/medical-videos/10683-ovarian-
endometrial-cyst-removal


Genitales Externos


Vagina


Vaginal Hysteroscopy: pancreatectohttps://medtube.net/gynecology/medical-videos/15407-vagina-
hysteroscopy


2 horas en Casa
la práctica.
Consideraciones:

Unidad de Contenido II. Estrcutura Microscópica del Sistema Endócrino y Reproductor
Nombre de la Práctica Sistema Endocrino

Práctica:

Materiales

Recursos digitales:
Del Alumno(s):


BRIEFING Inicial

(para el Profesor)



HERRAMIENTA(S): Atlas Histológico + Microscopía Virtual
Generalidades
UBICA en las laminillas virtuales o en videos demostrativos, las estructurasmicroscópicas que especifica el Atlas
Histológico, correlaciona con las funciones de dichas estructuras.
Histology Helper (2016). Histology Helper - Endocrine System Histology. Disponible desde Youtube:
https://youtu.be/C3dx6FZacjo
Material de Apoyo:
Histología y biología Celular. 3era Edición. McGrawHill. Disponía Vía Pórtico UVM:
http://accessmedicina.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1995&sectionid=150302464
EVIDENCIA a recolectar: Notas, apuntes.


Glándula Pituitaria
EVIDENCIA a recolectar: Captura de Pantalla de laminilla histológica debidamente señalada con los componentes
histológicos así como una tabla que acompaña las funciones de cada tipo celular.

These slides show mostly pars distalis, but also have a small area of neurohypophysis (either pars nervosa or infundibular stalk) on
one side (see slide orientation diagrams) and are stained in alternate sets with H&E or with Masson trichrome. The two classes of
anterior pituitary cells (acidophils and basophils) are most easily distinguished with Masson trichrome staining, but you should also see
how they look with routine H&E staining.
A. Pars distalis (aka anterior pituitary or adenohypophysis)

Slide 226 Pituitary gland Masson cross Webscope (link is external)
Slide 226 Pituitary gland H&E cross Webscope (link is external)
Slide 226 Pituitary gland H&E sagittal Webscope (link is external)
Slide 227 Pituitary gland Masson sagittal Webscope (link is external)
Study the pars distalis (anterior lobe) in the slide stained with Masson trichrome #226 pars distalis Webscope (link is external) .
The cells are arranged in irregular clusters or cords and are distinguishable by their staining as either acidophils, basophils, or
chromophobes. Theacidophils stain red or orange-red, while the basophils stain various shades of blue or blue-gray. Remember that
the acidophils include two different cell types, somatotropes (growth hormone) and mammotropes (prolactin), while the basophils
include gonadotropes (FSH and LH), thyrotropes (TSH) and corticotropes (ACTH). ACTH is actually a cleavage product of pro-
opiomelanocortin (POMC), which is made by corticotropes and processed primarily into ACTH in these cells. To a lesser extent,
corticotropes also produce other signaling factors derived from POMC such as lipotropins (involved in lipid metabolism), endorphins
(endogenous opioids that reduce pain perception), and melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH). Occasional cells in the anterior
pituitary show no distinctive staining and are called “chromophobes”. You will only be required to distinguish acidophils from basophils.
Your best strategy is first to identify acidophils, which are more distinctively stained, and then the remaining cells are almost entirely
basophils. The cells are not uniformly distributed throughout the pars distalis, but instead there are areas where acidophils predominate,
other areas where basophils are more numerous, while still other regions may show a more even mixture of acidophils and basophils.
INDO264 Note the abundant sinusoidal capillaries (often filled with red blood cells) #226 sinusoidal capillaries Webscope (link is
external) that lie between the cell cords or clusters. You can appreciate how readily the hormones secreted from the cells can reach
the blood. Since collagen stains bright blue with the Masson trichrome method, you can see the delicate connective tissue partitions
between cords and around blood vessels. In the routine H&E-stained sections, you can also identify acidophils and basophils, although
the difference is not as obvious as it is with Masson trichrome staining. Here again, you should first identify acidophils, which stain
various shades of reddish pink, and then the remaining cells are almost entirely basophils, which vary generally from bluish/grayish-
pink to blue. INDO266
B. Pars nervosa (aka posterior pituitary or neurohypophysis)

Slide 227 Pituitary gland monkey Masson cross Webscope (link is external)
Slide 227 Pituitary gland monkey H&E cross Webscope (link is external)
Although the pars nervosa can be found on the human pituitary slides in our collection, the monkey pituitary specimens (H&E and
trichrome-stained) contain a significant portion of the pars nervosa (posterior lobe) and are probably better for studying this tissue. The
pars nervosa looks like brain tissue, which it is. It is an extension of the brain, composed primarily of nerve fibers (axons) which originate
from nerve cell bodies in the hypothalamus and pass to the pars nervosa by way of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract and the
infundibular stalk. These nerve fibers carry oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin) to nerve endings, from which they
are released into nearby capillaries upon neural stimulation from the hypothalamus. There is not much to see in the posterior lobe in
these histological sections. Since there are no neuron cell bodies in this structure, most of the prominent nuclei belong to pituicytes ,
which are the characteristic glial cells of the pars nervosa. You will also see the nuclei of blood vessel endothelial cells , and fibroblasts
which are in the connective tissue around these vessels.
C. Pars intermedia
Slide 227 Pituitary gland monkey Masson cross Webscope (link is external)
Slide 227 Pituitary gland monkey H&E cross Webscope (link is external)
Slide 226 Pituitary gland H&E sagittal Webscope (link is external)
The pars intermedia is very poorly developed in the human pituitary, but is prominent in the pituitaries of most other mammals. For
example, in the monkey pituitary, you will see the pars intermedia as a prominent layer several cells thick, lying between the pars
distalis and pars nervosa. In some places you may also see a long cleft between the pars distalis and the pars intermedia, which is a
substantial remnant of the lumen of the embryonic Rathke’s pouch, an ectodermal outpocketing of the oral cavity which gave rise to
both the pars distalis and the pars intermedia. Cells of the pars intermedia also produce POMC (pro-opiomelanocortin), which in these
cells is processed primarily into endorphins and MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone). In contrast to its substantial presence in other
mammals, the pars intermedia of the human pituitary is usually represented merely by a thin layer of basophilic cells that can be seen
in both the human trichrome and H&E-stained human sections lying against the pars nervosa, and is probably of little functional
importance. Between the pars intermedia and pars distalis are occasional fluid-filled cysts (again visible in both trichrome #227
Webscope (link is external) and H&E-stained #226 Webscope (link is external) sections), which are the only vestiges of the lumen of
Rathke’s pouch. Although most of the human axial sections in your sets do not show the human pars intermedia very well, the sagittal
sections in some of the sets show some indication of it.
D. Infundibular stalk and hypophyseal portal vessels

Slide 229B Infundibular stalk, and hypophyseal portal vessels H&E Webscope (link is external)
Slide 229 Infundibular stalk, hypophyseal portal vessels H&E Webscope (link is external) This slide shows the hypophyseal portal
blood vessels #229 Webscope (link is external) that carry releasing hormones from the hypothalamus to regulate the release of
hormones from the pars distalis of the pituitary. Look for these prominent blood vessels in portions of the pars distalis that extend up
around the infundibular stalk. In many of these slides the sinusoidal capillaries #229 Webscope (link is external) lying between cords
of pituitary cells throughout the anterior pituitary are shown particularly well. Scan over the slide, reviewing other features you saw in
slides 226 and 227 (e.g. acidophils vs. basophils; neurohypophysis vs. adenohypophysis).


Tiroides y Paratiroides

I. Thyroid Gland
Slide 217 Thyroid gland, parathyroid H&E Webscope (link is external)
Slide 218-norm Thyroid gland rat Masson Webscope (link is external)
Slide 218-hypo Thyroid gland rat hypoactive Masson Webscope (link is external)
Slide 218-1 Thyroid gland rat hyperactive Masson Webscope(link is external)
Examine slide 217 at low magnification, then at higher magnifications. Note that the thyroid gland is made up of functional units
calledfollicles, which in three dimensions are approximately spherical, their walls being composed of a simple cuboidal epithelium,
surrounding a lumen that contains colloid. Note that the follicles vary in size and that the height of the follicular epithelial cells may also
vary. The colloid is composed primarily of thyroglobulin, a glycoprotein synthesized by the follicular epithelium. Under stimulation from
pituitary TSH, the thyroid cells break down the thyroglobulin to release thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), which pass into nearby
capillaries. Occasional parafollicular cells (C-cells), source of the hormone calcitonin, are also present between the follicles and in the
follicular epithelium #217 Webscope (link is external) . However, they are difficult to distinguish in routine histological slides of human
thyroid, and you are NOT expected to recognize them based on light microscopy alone (but you should know that they are the source
of calcitonin which is packaged into secretory granules that makes these cells readily identifiable by electron microscopy). There are
three versions of slide 218 that show a rodent thyroid at three different levels of functional activity: (1) normal [example] (link is external)
, (2) hypoactivity due to hypophysectomy [example] (link is external) , and (3) hyperactivity #218-1 Webscope (link is external) due to
treatment with the drug thiouracil. Compare the tissue shown in each slide --the variation is not overwhelming since the experiments
were performed conservatively, but you should be able to see some differences in epithelial cell height and in the size of the follicular
lumens. After hypophysectomy there is no stimulation by TSH, so the follicular epithelial cells become reduced in height and the colloid
in the lumen is abundant, since it is not being resorbed to make thyroid hormones (in these hypoactive slides, #218-hypo
Webscope (link is external) , C-cells are more obvious as these cells are fully functional and not dependent on TSH). In contrast, in
the hyperactive follicles of thiouracil-treated animals the epithelium is columnar, and the follicular lumen is much reduced in size. The
reason for this hyperactivity is that thiouracil blocks the oxidation of iodide, with the result that functional thyroid hormones can no
longer be produced. The lack of thyroid hormones in the blood stream leads to stimulation of the pituitary to produce large quantities
of TSH, causing the thyroid follicular cells to hypertrophy and resorb colloid very actively from the lumen, reducing its size. The frantic
effort of these cells is futile, however, since the oxidized iodine necessary to make functional thyroid hormones is unavailable. INDO267
II. Parathyroid Gland

Slide 217 Thyroid gland, parathyroid H&E Webscope(link is external)
Slide 220 Parathyroid H&E Webscope(link is external)
Slide 221 Parathyroid H&E Webscope (link is external) Sections of parathyroid gland can be seen on slides 217, 220, and 221. In slide
217, parathyroid tissue will be found on one side of the much larger mass of thyroid tissue. To find the parathyroid tissue on slides
217, scan around the periphery of the thyroid tissue at low magnification. (Note: slide 217 in a few of the glass slide sets lacks
parathyroid.)
The parenchyma of the gland slide 217 Webscope (link is external) is made up of two identifiable cell types: the predominant chief (or
principal) cells (source of parathyroid hormone) and occasional oxyphil cells. Observe the arrangement of chief cells in the parathyroid
as seen on slides 217, 220, and 221. The chief cells are arranged as interconnecting cords or clusters, with blood vessels and
connective tissue forming the partitions between the cell cords. The capillaries in slide 221 may be more easily seen because
erythrocytes have been retained within the lumens. The individual chief cells, seen well in slide 220, have relatively little cytoplasm,
which may be almost unstained or lightly basophilic. The lightly stained cells are thought to be quiescent while the more basophilic
cells are believed to be more actively involved in the synthesis and secretion of parathyroid hormone. INDO268
In either slide 217, 220, or 221 try to find oxyphil cells. Oxyphil cells are much less numerous than chief cells, and can be differentiated
from them by the following criteria: (1) larger than chief cells, with more extensive, eosinophilic cytoplasm, (2) nuclei smaller and darker
staining, (3) usually occur in isolated groups. Not every specimen in the glass slide sets contain readily identifiable oxyphil cells, but
they can be found on each of the virtual slides: #217 Webscope(link is external) , #220 Webscope (link is external) , and #221Webscope
(link is external)


Glándulas Adrenales

I. Adrenal (Suprarenal) Gland
Slide 230 (adrenal gland, human, H&E) WebScope (link is external)

Slide 231 (adrenal gland, monkey, H&E) WebScope (link is external)
At low magnification on the human adrenal gland (slide 230), note that the gland is enclosed by a connective tissue capsule and has
two principal regions - a cortex and a medulla. The cortex [example] (link is external) occupies the greatest area on your slide. In many
regions of slide 230 you will see only cortex, because some parts of the human adrenal lack medulla. The cortex is made up of three
regions or zones: the zona glomerulosa, the zona fasciculata and the zona reticularis. The zona fasciculata [example] (link is
external) is probably the easiest layer to spot as it is a broad zone of cells arranged in straight cords, one or two cells thick, which run
at right angles to the surface of the gland. The cells of the fasciculata are lightly stained and have a frothy appearance, due to the
extraction of lipid droplets from the cell cytoplasm during tissue processing. Interior to the fasciculata is the zona reticularis [example]
(link is external) , which stains more deeply than the other two regions of the cortex. The cells of the zona reticularis are arranged as
anastomosing (reticular or net-like) cords. The zona glomerulosa [example] (link is external) is found outermost in the cortex and
consists of cells arranged in rounded or arched clusters although in the human adrenal gland, the zona glomerulosa may not be present
around the entire periphery of the cortex. In other species, however, this zone exists as a complete layer around the entire periphery
of the cortex as shown in slide 231, which of the monkey adrenal gland. Continuing inward on slide 231, you should be able to
recognize the zona fasciculata [example] (link is external) , zona reticularis [example] (link is external) , and, finally, medulla [example]
(link is external) . Notice that throughout the cortex of both the human and monkey adrenal glands are numerous capillaries, with
somewhat expanded lumens.
Return to the medulla of slide 230 (human adrenal section) [example] (link is external) . The medullary cells, source of norepinephrine
(noradrenalin) and epinephrine (adrenalin), are often more basophilic than the cells of the cortex. The cells of the medulla are
considered to be modified postganglionic sympathetic neurons (derived from neural crest cells). These secretory cells are also
called chromaffin cells, because their secretory granules (containing norepinephrine or epinephrine) stain brown with potassium
dichromate. Note the branches of the central (or medullary) vein [see example] (link is external) in the medulla, and review the blood
circulation of the adrenal.


2 horas en Casa
la práctica.
Consideraciones:

Práctica Número: 6y7 Duración (mins/horas): 2 SESIONES de 120

minutos
Nombre de la Práctica Sistema Repoructor Masculino

Práctica:

Materiales

Recursos digitales:
Del Alumno(s):


BRIEFING Inicial

(para el Profesor)



Generalidades
UBICA en las laminillas virtuales o en videos demostrativos, las estructuras microscópicas que especifica el Atlas
Histology Helper (2016). Histology Helper - Male Reproductive Histology. Disponible desde Youtube:
https://youtu.be/1WOcWthZjrE
Material de Apoyo:

Testículos

Slide 270 testis testis H&E Webscope (link is external) orientation Image
Slide 270ex testis H&E Webscope (link is external) orientation Image
Slide 275 Testis H&E Webscope (link is external) orientation Image
Slide UCSF 363 testis Webscope (link is external) (virtual slide courtesy of the University of California, San Francisco)
Slide 273 Testis H&E immature Webscope (link is external)
These slides (except for the UCSF slide) include both testis and epididymis (you will study epididymis later in this laboratory session):
the testis is the larger of the two structures on the slide. The capsule of the testis is composed of dense connective tissue and is called
thetunica albuginea. Within the testis you will see numerous profiles of seminiferous tubules, with interstitial tissue between them. In
the interstitial tissue between the seminiferous tubules are clusters of Leydig cells, which secrete the male steroid hormone,
testosterone. These are the most prominent cells in the interstitial tissue, but in slide #270 of some slide sets, the Leydig cells#270
Webscope (link is external) are not seen very clearly (in that case, see them in #270 Webscope (link is external) , or #275 Webscope
(link is external) ). Also visible in the interstitial tissue are blood vessels and smaller cells characteristic of loose connective tissue. Now
take a closer look at the the seminiferous tubules in #270 Webscope (link is external) #270 Webscope (link is external) [Orientation]
(in some of the seminiferous tubules the epithelium may be pulled away somewhat from the basement membrane, leaving a white
space, which is an artifact). Each seminiferous tubule is surrounded by a boundary layer or tunica propria, composed of flattened cells,
several cells thick. Most of the cells that lie against the basement membrane and have round nuclei are spermatogonia. Don’t worry
about distinguishing between type A and type B spermatogonia. Now look for considerably larger nuclei midway up in the epithelium
that are also round and are filled with a tangle of dense chromosomes. These are the nuclei of relatively mature primary spermatocytes,
which are in the extended prophase of the first meiotic division. These are numerous but unfortunately not always well preserved (the
nuclei may be somewhat swollen or distorted). All of the smaller cells in the upper half of the epithelium (toward the lumen of the tubule)
are spermatids in various stages of differentiation into mature sperm. The spermatids initially have round nuclei, but these gradually
become smaller, denser and assume the shape of sperm heads. The smallest black structures you see are the heads of mature
spermatids about to be released into the lumen. Their tails are difficult to make out. Now look for Sertoli cell nuclei, which are large,
relatively pale and irregular in shape, and contain a prominent nucleolus (sometimes out of the plane of section). Their nuclei commonly
occur just above (toward the lumen from) the spermatogonia. Secondary spermatocytes are rarely seen, since almost immediately
after they arise they undergo the second meiotic division to become spermatids. If you are anxious to see secondary spermatocytes,
find division figures and look around them for nuclei that are intermediate in size between those of primary spermatocytes and
spermatids. They are hard to find, so don’t spend much time looking.


Epidídimo
Slide 270 testis testis H&E Webscope (link is external)

Slide 270ex testis H&E Webscope (link is external)
Slide 275 Testis H&E Webscope (link is external)
Returning to the slides of the seminiferous tubules, study the passageway by which the sperm pass from the seminiferous tubules
through the rete testis, efferent ducts and epididymis to reach the tail of the epididymis, where they are stored in preparation for an
ejaculation. Scan along the tunica albuginea of the testis, looking for a region where it thickens and is permeated by a network of
flattened channels in the dense connective tissue. This portion of the testis is known as the mediastinum; the network of channels is
the rete testis and is probably best seen in slide 270 #270 Webscope (link is external) or 275 #275 Webscope (link is external) Observe
that the rete testis is lined with a cuboidal (or sometimes low-columnar) epithelium and you may see occasional microvilli. (Purely as
an aside, these cells also have asingle or "primary" cilium. Obviously, these cilia don't contribute much in the way of helping to
propel sperm through the channel. Instead, they may function as chemoreceptors allowing the lining cells to monitor and modify the
luminal contents). The sperm leave the testis by means of these channels to reach the efferent ducts. However, for now, shift your
attention outside the testis to the part of the epididymis that is included in this slide. You will see numerous sections through the long
and convoluted duct that makes up the epididymis apparent in#275 Webscope (link is external) and #270 Webscope (link is external)
. The epithelium of the duct is pseudostratified columnar. The tall epithelial cells have long microvilli on their apical surface (sometimes
called “stereocilia”, although they are not cilia at all). You may be able to make out a thin layer of smooth muscle around the tubules,
which presumably acts by peristalsis to move the sperm along. Now scan over the section looking for tubules of the efferent ducts,
which connects the rete testis to the epididymal duct. The efferent duct tubules are often (but not always) smaller than epididymal
tubules, and their epithelium varies considerably in height, giving the tubule lumen a characteristic irregular or "star" shape. The
epithelium is generally simple columnar, and consists of two cell types, taller cells have with cilia and shorter cells without cilia. The
efferent duct is the only portion of the male tract displaying true, motile, cilia. These tubules may also have a thin layer of smooth
muscle around them. Efferent ducts are best demonstrated in#275 Webscope (link is external) , although#270 Webscope (link is
external) shows a small region of efferent ducts amongst the epididymis.


Cordón Espermático
This is a cross section through a spermatic cord, such as you will see in the gross anatomy laboratory. On one side of the section you
will see a cross section of the ductus (or vas) deferens #284 Webscope (link is external) , which has a circular lumen, lined by a
pseudostratified epithelium and surrounded by a very thick wall of smooth muscle. Elsewhere you will see sections through two or
more branches of the testicular artery, surrounded by connective tissue that contains numerous veins of the pampiniform
plexus #284 Webscope (link is external) (the veins are rather flattened and contain dark red blood).
—> What is the function of the pampiniform plexus?

Sperm cannot develop if the testis is at body temperature. The pampiniform plexus helps to regulate testicular temperature, allowing
sperm maturation. The plexus surrounds the testicular arteries and works as a countercurrent heat-exchange system to cool the arterial
blood before it enters the testis. Along with the pampiniform plexus of veins, temperature in the testis is controlled by sweat glands on
the scrotum and by the cremaster muscle, which controls the proximity of the testis to the body.
(MA2) The testicular artery has a typical internal elastic membrane and prominent circular smooth muscle coat (comprising the tunica
media). The veins of the pampiniform plexus lack the internal elastic membrane, and their walls are somewhat less muscular. The
blood in the vessels may have black particles in it, an artifact of the fixation procedure. The association of the veins of the pampiniform
plexus with the testicular artery constitutes a countercurrent exchange system to cool the blood somewhat on its way to the testis. In
the connective tissue you will find nerves and, around the periphery of the section, some cross-sectioned bundles of smooth
(dartos)#284 Webscope (link is external) and skeletal (cremaster) muscle #284 Webscope (link is external) .


Cordón Espermático

Slide 281 prostate H&E Webscope (link is external)

Slide 281lex prostate Masson Webscope (link is external)
Slide 282 prostate senile H&E Webscope (link is external)
The prostate in an adult man is about the size and shape of a chestnut and contains 15-30 tubuloalveolar glands that empty separately
into the prostatic urethra. The most important structures to see on the slide are the prostatic glands that are present over most of the
section. The glands are embedded in a connective tissue that includes abundant smooth muscle, best appreciated in the trichome-
stained section #281-EX Webscope (link is external) (recall that collagen fibers will stain blue-green whereas smooth muscle is pink
with deep red nuclei), which produces the pulsations of the prostate that expel the content of the glands during ejaculation. The
epithelium of the glands is simple columnar (there may be a few basal cells), and the cells differ greatly in height to give the epithelium
a folded appearance. The epithelial cells secrete various components of the semen (including citric acid and acid phosphatase). In
older individuals, there may be concretions (amyloid bodies) in the lumen of the glands, which are better seen in #282 Webscope (link
is external) - the concretions are of little functional consequence, but they can be a helpful for the purposes of identifying the tissue.
The prostatic urethra is present in the #281 prostate H&E Webscope (link is external) (it has a stratified epithelium several cells thick
and numerous mucosal glands). Also present on slide #281 is the utricle flanked by paired ejaculatory
ducts #281 prostate H&E Webscope (link is external) . With these landmarks, one can identify the various zones of the prostate that
are clinically relevant in their propensity to become hyperplastic and/or cancerous:
1 The peripheral zone #281 prostate H&E Webscope (link is external)

contains the main glands located posterio-laterally in the outer parenchyma of the gland and is the site most susceptible to
inflammation (prostatitis) and malignant neoplasia (prostatic carcinoma).
2 The central zone #281 prostate H&E Webscope (link is external)
is the region surrounding the utricle and ejaculatory ducts. Interestingly, this zone is relatively resistant to inflammation and
hyperplasia.
3 The transitional and periurethral zones #281 prostate H&E Webscope (link is external)
surrounds the prostatic urethra and contains submucosal and mucosal glands that undergo non-cancerous proliferation,
leading to benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), a condition that effects almost all males to some extent by age 80.
Typically, the submucosal glands undergo hypertrophy first followed by the mucosal glands as the condition progresses.
4 The anterior fibromuscular stroma #281 prostate H&E Webscope (link is external)
is located anteriorly and contains no glandular tissue so it typically does not become hyperplastic.


Vesícula Seminal
EVIDENCIA a recolectar: Captura de Pantalla de laminilla histológica debidamente señalada con los componentes histológicos
así como una tabla que acompaña las funciones de cada tipo celular.
Slide 075 seminal vesicle H&E Webscope

(link is external)
Slide 279 seminal vesicle H&E Webscope
(link is external)
These are cross sections through a seminal vesicle, which you may remember from gross anatomy is a rather sacculated and contorted tube
(slide 75 is also the slide we used to study parasympathetic ganglia, which are readily observable in the wall of this organ). Study the section
with your light microscope, noting the moderately-abundant smooth muscle in the wall. The epithelium of this gland lies on the surface of
interconnecting mucosal folds that extend into the lumen from the muscular wall. The sparse connective tissue within the folds constitutes
the lamina propria of this mucosa. The epithelium, which may be either simple columnar or pseudostratified columnar, produces a secretion
(including fructose, ascorbic acid and other components) which is expelled from the gland by contraction of the muscular wall during
ejaculation, constituting about 50-80% of the semen.


Pene
Slide 286 penis H&E cross Webscope (link is external) [Orientation]

This is a cross section through the shaft of the penis. Identify the two pale corpora cavernosa 286 penis H&E cross Webscope (link is
external) (occupying most of the central part of the section; the partition between the two may be incomplete), surrounded closely by
a thick layer of dense connective tissue (pink), the tunica albuginea. Also observe the corpus spongiosum 286 penis H&E
cross Webscope (link is external) , situated ventromedially and containing the slit-like penile urethra. Study the erectile tissue of the
corpora cavernosa with your microscope, noting the connective tissue trabeculae and smooth muscle strands, as well as small blood
vessels and nerves. The arterioles within the trabeculae are called helicine arteries(oles) #286 Webscope (link is external) because
in the flaccid penis they are rather twisted (like a helix). Between the trabeculae are the venous sinuses, lined with endothelium. In the
flaccid penis, the smooth muscle in the trabeculae and arterioles is under tonic contraction, limiting the entry of blood into the sinuses.
Erection involves a relaxation of the smooth muscle of the arterioles (so more blood enters) and of the trabeculae (permitting the
sinuses to expand freely), as well as a closing down of venous outflow due to compression of the veins that drain the erectile tissue
(the veins draining the tissue are pushed up against the rigid connective tissue of the tunica albuginea when the erectile tissue swells).
The organ expands by hydraulic pressure, and the shape of the erect penis is determined by the tunica albuginea. A resumed
contraction of the smooth muscle in the helicine arterioles leads to detumescence. In each corpus cavernosum, note one or two
arteries, the deep arteries #286 Webscope (link is external) , that supply the arterioles. If you look on the upper surface of the tunica
albuginea, you will see the abundant nerve bundles that supply this organ.


2 horas en Casa
la práctica.
Consideraciones:

Práctica Número: 8y9 Duración (mins/horas): 2 Sesiones de: 120

minutos
Nombre de la Práctica Sistema Reproductor Femenino

Práctica:

Materiales

Recursos digitales:
Del Alumno(s):


BRIEFING Inicial

(para el Profesor)



Generalidades
UBICA en las laminillas virtuales o en videos demostrativos, las estructuras microscópicas que especifica el Atlas
Histology Helper (2016). Histology Helper - Female Reproductive Histology. Disponible desde Youtube:
https://youtu.be/APUkKB5FAR8
Material de Apoyo:

Ovarios
EVIDENCIA a recolectar: Captura de Pantalla de laminilla histológica debidamente señalada con los componentes histológicos así
como una tabla que acompaña las funciones de cada tipo celular.

Slide 239 (ovary, monkey, H&E) WebScope (link is external)

Slide 269 (ovary, monkey, PAS) WebScope (link is external)
Slide 269-2 (ovary, monkey, PAS) WebScope (link is external)
Slide 235 (ovary, human, H&E) WebScope (link is external)
Slide 234 (ovary, human, H&E) WebScope (link is external)
Slide 234-2 (ovary, human, trichrome) WebScope (link is external)
Slide 236a (ovary, human, H&E) WebScope (link is external)
Overview: The ovaries are paired organs situated on either side of the uterus. They are attached on one edge, the hilus, to the broad
ligament of the uterus by a fold of peritoneum, the mesovarium. Using slide 239, examine the overall topography of the ovary and note
the numerous vessels which enter it via the broad ligament. The inner medulla (present in most slides) is highly vascular and composed
of a loose connective tissue core. Examine the outer cortex of the ovary which is composed of stroma and numerous follicles in various
stages of development. In slide 239, note the layer of collagenous connective tissue, the tunica albuginea [example] (link is external)
just below the surface epithelium (mesothelium/serosa often misleadingly referred to as "germinal epithelium") that covers the ovary.
Examine the stroma of the cortex in slide 239 and note the whorls of closely-packed, spindle-shaped fibroblasts. The cortex also
contains many oocytes (300,000- 400,000 at birth) embedded in this cortical stroma. Because of the variation in sectioning, age and
stage of the cycle, you will have to study several slides in order to study all aspects of follicular development, atresia and corpus luteum
formation (see W page 364, 19.7).
Primordial & Primary Follicles: Examine several primordial follicles [example] (link is external) using slide 239 or 269 and note that
they consist of a large oocyte surrounded by a layer of flattened follicular cells. Next examine the appearance of primary follicles
[example] (link is external) in which the large oocyte is surrounded by a layer of cuboidal follicular cells (also good in slide 238). These
follicular cells proliferate to form a loose multi-layer, the granulosa cell layer. A rim of neutral glycoprotein, the zona pellucida (clear
zone), surrounds the oocyte separating it from the surrounding granulosa cells. Slide 269 has been stained with PAS, so that
carbohydrates and connective tissue are highlighted. Using this slide, examine the zona pellucida [example] (link is external) of several
smaller follicles. Stromal cells form a dense sheath (theca) around the follicle.
Secondary Follicles: Examine the structure of several secondary follicles [example] (link is external) and observe that between the
stratified granulosa cells there are large lacunae that coalesce to form the follicular antrum. The stromal cells surrounding the follicle
have differentiated to form an inner layer (theca interna) of plump cells that secrete steroid precursors and an outer layer (theca
externa) composed of concentrically arranged stromal cells that provide support for the developing follicle (W pg 363, 19.5). Slide 235
also has good theca layers (see below).
Mature/Graafian Follicle: With continued development, the follicle becomes a Graafian or ovulatory follicle [example] (link is external)
(This follicle is actually rather small to be a real Graafian follicle). The granulosa zone now consists of many layers of cuboidal follicular
epithelial cells located at the periphery of the large, well-formed follicular antrum. The oocyte has attained its full size, is located
eccentrically within the follicle in a small hillock, the cumulus oophorus which protrudes into the antrum. The zona pellucida is
surrounded by a continuous layer of follicular cells, the corona radiata. Because of its size, the oocyte will not be present in every
section of the follicle, but examine the other components of a tertiary follicle. The theca interna is separated from the granulosa cells
by a distinct basement membrane. Theca externa cells are densely packed, spindle-shaped cells which blend with the theca interna
cells and with the surrounding stroma. Note that the theca interna has a rich capillary vascular supply, particularly well demonstrated
in slide 235 [example] (link is external) (W pg 363, 19.6, see also the diagram in R pg 779, 23.7a).
Atretic Follicles: Because the contents of only one follicle are usually ovulated at a time in humans, other follicles which have been
stimulated to develop must degenerate, or undergo atresia [example] (link is external) (W pg 366, 19.10). Atresia is not limited to
mature follicles, but may begin at any stage in follicular development. Early atretic alterations include: clumping of the nuclear chromatin
(pyknosis) and shrinkage and lysis of the cytoplasm of the oocyte, granulosa or follicular cells. Examine the pyknotic granulosa cells
[example] (link is external) , which are sloughed into the follicular antrum. The basement membrane that separates the granulosa cells
from the theca interna may also thicken considerably to form a so-called “glassy membrane.” These changes are especially well
illustrated in H&E slide 234 [example] (link is external) and trichrome-stained slide #234-2 [example] (link is external) . Make sure you
are able to differentiate atretic changes from artifacts related to shrinkage due to fixation. Macrophages may eventually invade the
center of the larger atretic follicles that are finally replaced by loose connective tissue.
Corpus Luteum: After ovulation, the follicle which housed the ovum collapses and becomes highly infolded and invaded by vessels,
forming the corpus luteum [example] (link is external) (yellow body). Examine slide 236a and observe that the corpus luteum appears
pale and very folded. If the egg is fertilized and implants, the corpus luteum enlarges to become the corpus luteum of pregnancy.
Examine the inner granulosa lutein cells [example] (link is external) (formed from the remaining granulosa cells) and the outer theca
lutein cells [example] (link is external) which come from the remaining theca interna cells. Both cell types are polyhedral and filled
with lipid droplets and have centrally located nuclei. The theca lutein cells are, however, considerably smaller, more darkly staining
and have fewer lipid filled vacuoles than the granulosa lutein cells. They are found most prominently in the infoldings right up against
the granulosa lutein layer. Granulosa lutein cells contain a pigment, lipochrome, which produces the yellowish color of the corpus
luteum in an unfixed ovary. A central blood clot may be present in recently ovulated follicles.
Corpus Albicans: If the egg is not fertilized, the corpus luteum degenerates, and is gradually infiltrated with collagen and a few (if
any) fibroblasts, forming the corpus albicans (white body) (W pg 360, 19.3; W pg 367, 19.11; R pg 784, 23.13) particularly evident in
slide 234 stained with H&E [example] (link is external) and trichrome [example] (link is external) . The corpus albicans is also formed
during the later half of pregnancy when the placenta takes over steroid secretion from the corpus luteum. Excellent examples of corpus
albicans can be best observed in slides 234 or236.


Trompas de Falopio

Slide 240-1 (oviduct, infundibulum, H&E) WebScope (link is external)

Slide 240-2 (oviduct, ampulla, H&E) WebScope (link is external)
Slide 241even (oviduct, isthmus, H&E) WebScope (link is external)
Slide 241odd (oviduct, uterine segment, H&E) WebScope (link is external)
The oviduct conducts the ovulated egg from the peritoneal cavity to the uterus over a period of approximately three days, during which
fertilization and segmentation of the zygote occurs. There are striking regional variations in the oviducts that reflect:
1) the trapping of the egg, 2) a region where fertilization takes place, and 3) a region simply for transport to the uterus.
Examine its open end near the ovary, the infundibulum [example] (link is external) , in slide 240-1 and note the funnel shape and
ridges of mucosa that extend as a fringe of finger-like projections known as fimbriae. Note the ciliated cells that cover the fimbria that
help sweep the egg into the oviduct. Move on to slide 240-2 to trace the passage of the egg from the infundibulum through the
numerous longitudinal folds of theampulla [example] (link is external) recalling that this is where fertilization usually occurs. Next is the
isthmus region in slide 241even [example] (link is external) that is characterized by tall branching ridges of mucosa which project into
and partially fill the lumen of the oviduct. Note the numerous non-ciliated secretory (peg) cells and the ciliated cells that line the lumen.
The isthmus contains tall folds and few ciliated cells, while theinterstitial (or intramural because it's within the uterine wall) segment,
shown in slide 241odd, [example] (link is external) has low ridges and a preponderance of secretory cells. Observe that as you
progress from the infundibulum where there is a large lumen filled with many mucosal folds toward the uterus, the overall luminal
diameter decreases, as does the number of ciliated cells, while the proportion of smooth muscle in the muscular layer gradually
increases.
Examine the loose connective tissue of the lamina propria using slide 241even. Next, study the muscularis organized roughly into
circular, oblique, and sparse longitudinal layers of smooth muscle. It has been suggested that this muscle may play a two-fold role;
first, in distending the oviduct toward the ovary to aid in “capturing” the ovum; and second, in producing peristaltic waves which help
propel the ovum toward the uterus. The outermost layer of the oviduct, the serosa, is highly vascular and is composed of mesothelium
and thin underlying connective tissue that is continuous with the broad ligament.

Útero

Slide 244 (uterus, proliferative phase, H&E) WebScope (link is external)

Slide 243 (uterus, early secretory phase, H&E) WebScope (link is external)
Slide 245-1 (uterus, secretory phase, H&E) WebScope (link is external)
Slide 245-2 (uterus, menstrual phase, H&E) WebScope (link is external)
The uterus is a pear-shaped, hollow organ partially covered by peritoneum. Examine the overall topographical organization of the
uterus from its outer serosal or adventitial covering, through the thick muscular layer (myometrium) to the mucosa (endometrium) in
slide 243 (this slide is actually at a stage between proliferative and secretory).
The myometrium [example] (link is external) of the uterus is composed of interwoven bundles of smooth muscle supported by dense
connective tissue. Examine their arrangement into indistinct bundles, with several bundles running roughly parallel to the long axis of
the body of the uterus. During pregnancy, the muscle fibers elongate, proliferate and produce collagen in response to hormonal
stimulation.
The endometrium [example] (link is external) is divided into two layers or strata and consists of a simple columnar epithelium and an
underlying stroma that contains tubular glands that may branch near the myometrium. The stratum functionale or functional layer is
the thicker, outer layer that is sloughed off with menstruation. The underlying stratum basale or basal layer is retained throughout the
menstrual cycle and serves as the regenerative source of the stratum functionale. The endometrium undergoes striking cyclical
modifications that depend on sequential hormonal alterations. Compare specimens from proliferative and secretory phases with the
menstrual phase.
1 Proliferative Phase (days 5-14; W pg 370, 19.15; pg 372, 19.18) In slide 244 WebScope (link is external)
, the proliferative phase is underway and glands have proliferated and cover the surface. Although difficult to see in these
sections, spiral arteries [example] (link is external)
are elongated and convoluted, and extend from the basal layer into the functional layer.
2 Secretory Phase (days 15-28; W pg 373, 19.19) In slide 245-1 WebScope (link is external)
observe that the glands of the secretory phase endometrium appear convoluted. Toward the end of this phase, apical tissues
become ischemic and glands take on a characteristic “saw tooth” appearance [example] (link is external)
. The endometrium reaches its maximal thickness during this period, and spiral arteries continue to grow and extend into the
superficial regions of the functional layer. There is also considerable leukocyte infiltration in the stroma.
3 Menstrual Phase (days 1-4; W pg 371, 19.16) In slide 244-2 WebScope (link is external)
much of the stratum functionalis has sloughed away, and amongst the debris are numerous blood cells (RBCs and
leukocytes). Notice that the stratum basalis remains intact.


Cérvix Uterino
Slide 249 (cervix, H&E) WebScope (link is external)
UCSF slide 405 (cervix, trichrome) WebScope (link is external) (virtual slide courtesy of the University of California, San Francisco)
The uterine cervix shown in slide 249 is continuous with both the body of the uterus and the upper portion of the vagina. Note that the
wall has considerable smooth muscle and much dense connective tissue. Note also the number of collagen fibers in the stroma.
The mucosa is lined by a tall columnar mucus-secreting epithelium in its uterine portion, but note the abrupt change to stratified
squamous epithelium at its vaginal face. This stratocolumnar junction which should be readily identifiable in both slide 249 [example]
(link is external) and UCSF slide 405 [example] (link is external) is frequently the site of pre-neoplastic and neoplastic (cervical cancer)
changes. The mucosa is thrown into deep irregular folds known as plicae palmitae (palmate folds). During the majority of the uterine
cycle these glands secrete a highly viscous mucus forming a barrier to microorganisms, while at mid-cycle (ovulation) the mucus
becomes more hydrated, which facilitates sperm entry. Blockage of the openings of the cervical mucosal glands frequently results in
the accumulation of secretory products within the glands, leading to the formation of dilated Nabothian cysts which may be seen in
USCF slide 304 [example] (link is external) . These cysts are generally benign; however, they can become clinically relevant should
they become enlarged enough to cause obstruction of the cervical canal.


Vagina
Slide 250-1 (vagina, H&E)

Slide 250-2 (vagina, trichrome) WebScope (link is external)
The vagina connects the female reproductive system to the exterior of the body. At low magnification, note its three-layered structure:
the mucosal lining, smooth muscle layer, and outer adventitial layer. The epithelium that lines the vagina is stratified squamous, which
appears slightly vacuolated due to the presence of glycogen in these cells, which is removed during fixation.
The connective tissue of the thick lamina propria [example] (link is external) contains many elastic and collagen fibers throughout
and many small veins in the deeper region. The subjacent smooth muscle layers [example] (link is external) are arranged in poorly
defined inner circular and predominant outer longitudinal layers; it may be easier to discern the smooth muscle from the surrounding
connective tissue in the trichrome-stained section [example] (link is external) . The connective tissue (seen particularly well in
sections stained with trichrome) of the outer adventitial layer also contains many elastic fibers, thus contributing to the overall
distensibility of this region. Also evident in the adventitia in both H&E [example] (link is external) and trichrome-stained
sections [example] (link is external) are parasympathetic ganglia that innervate the erectile tissue (i.e. the numerous small veins) of
the lamina propria.


Placenta
Slide 253 (early) WebScope (link is external)

Slide 255 (late) 20x WebScope (link is external)
Slide 255 (late) 40x WebScope (link is external)
With the implantation of a zygote into the uterus, a number of changes take place in the endometrium. Cells from the embryonic
trophoblast invade the uterine mucosa, secretions from these cells coalesce to form lacunae in the endometrium, which is now termed
the decidua. These spaces also contain maternal blood. The trophoblast rapidly invades the decidua forming primary villi, that contain
only trophoblast (outer syncytiotrophoblast and inner cytotrophoblast) cells. Mesenchyme and blood vessels form the core of the
secondary villi. During the second half of pregnancy the cytotrophoblast cells disappear and the capillary basal lamina fuses with that
of the syncytiotrophoblast to improve exchange.
Begin with slide 253 WebScope (link is external) , which is early placenta. The entire field is filled with villi cut predominantly in cross
section. Mesenchymal tissue and fetal blood vessels (filled with fetal RBCs which, in the early stages of fetal hematopoiesis, still have
nuclei) make up the core of each villus which is covered by a trophectoderm shell WebScope (link is external) of inner cytotrophoblast
and outer syncytiotrophoblast cells. The syncytiotrophoblast cells are more eosinophilic and have smaller nuclei. As the name implies,
these cells result from the fusion of many cells and thus have many nuclei per cell and no discernable lateral boundaries. In contrast,
cytotrophoblast cells are clearly demarcated, have a single, large nucleus and basophilic cytoplasm. Notice that there is almost a
complete ring of cytotrophoblast cells covering each villus in early placenta --these cells are thought to function as stem cells for the
formation of the syncytiotrophoblast, which is why they may disappear later in pregnancy.
Study slide 255 WebScope (link is external) [ImageScope] , which is a late placenta. Although you will be able to see an occasional
cytotrophoblast cell, you will not be able to see forming villi in this late placenta. Examine the trophectoderm shell WebScope (link is
external) , which now consists of multinucleate syncytiotrophoblast cells located on the outer surface of the villi as well as an occasional
residual underlying cytotrophoblast cell. The nuclei of the syncytiotrophoblast cells often form aggregates of so-called "syncytial
knots" WebScope (link is external) that may look like specks of dirt when viewed at lower magnification. Syncytiotrophoblast cells that
are bathed in maternal blood have apical surfaces specialized for absorption (microvilli), pinocytosis, and exocytosis and an
appearance typical of secretory cells. Also examine the numerous macrophage-like (Hofbauer) cells WebScope (link is external) that
can be found within the connective tissue of the placental villi. These cells are characteristically large, with elliptical, eccentric nuclei
and extensively vacuolated cytoplasm. (FE5)
Large quantities of an amorphous eosinophilic substance, fibrinoid WebScope (link is external) , may also be deposited in the
intervillus space in this older placenta. This material clings to the villus surface and may bind several villi together. The amount of
fibrinoid in combination with the appearance of the connective tissue in the villi can be used to stage the placenta.


2 horas en Casa
la práctica.
Consideraciones:

Unidad de Contenido III. Embriogénesis del Sistema Endócrino y Reproductor
Nombre de la Práctica Sistema Endócrino
Competencia Describir y resumir la organización y desarrollo embrionario del Sistema

Práctica:

Materiales

Recursos digitales:
• Simulador Embriología SYMBRIO: http://etableros.com/resources/embriointeractiva/flashindex.html
• Atlas Digital Embriológico: https://www.3dembryoatlas.com
Del Alumno(s):


BRIEFING Inicial

(para el Profesor)



HERRAMIENTA(S): Videos Interactivos + Simulador Embriológico + Atlas Digital
Generalidades
INTEGRA el Desarrollo embriología de las distintas glándulas que componente le sistema endócrino.
Anatomis JU. Pharyngeal Arches Development. Disponible desde Youtube: https://youtu.be/oP1-ejJdZyc
Material de Apoyo:
+ Histología y biología Celular. 3era Edición. McGrawHill. Disponía Vía Pórtico UVM:
+ UNSW (2016). Endocrine System Development. Disponible Vía Internet:
https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Endocrine_System_Development
+ Langman (2016). Medical Embriology, Wolters Kluwer, disponible desde Pórtico UVM:
http://uvm.lwwhealthlibrary.com/content.aspx?sectionid=73072453&bookid=1362

HERRAMIENTA(S): Atlas Histológico + Microscopía Virtual + Atlas digital
Pineal
INTEGRA el Desarrollo embriología de las distintas glándulas que componente le sistema endócrino en una línea del
tiempo, puedes construirla en papel o preferentemente en digital en tu computadora, para que así, agregues o
incorpores fotografías, capturas de pantalla de de los materiales de apoyo.
2 Minute Neuroscience. Early Nervous system Development. Disponible desde Youtube:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tp25wrm-AoA
Material de Apoyo:
EVIDENCIA a recolectar: Linea del Tiempo del Desarrollo Embriológico del sistema Endocrino.


Hipotálamo e Hipófisis
USMLE. Development of CNS. Disponible desde Youtube: https://youtu.be/lhapeOo6laA
Material de Apoyo:

Tiroides y Paratiroides
Stuffer & Cols (2003). Thyroid Gland Development. Indiana University. Disponible desde internet:
http://www.indiana.edu/~anat550/hnanim/thyroid/thyroid.html
Material de Apoyo:


Suprarenales
UNSW (2016). Adrenall Medulla Development. Disponible desde Internet:

https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Adrenal_Medulla_Development_Movie
Material de Apoyo:

Páncreas
UNSW (2016). Pancreatic Development. Disponible desde internet:

https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Endocrine_-_Pancreas_Development
Material de Apoyo:


2 horas en Casa
la práctica.
Consideraciones:

Nombre de la Práctica Sistema Reproductor Masculino

Práctica:

Materiales

Recursos digitales:
Del Alumno(s):


BRIEFING Inicial

(para el Profesor)



Generalidades
Reproductive System Development. Disponible desde Youtube: https://youtu.be/MureNA-RSZM
Material de Apoyo:
+ UNSW (2016). Genital Male Development. Disponible Vía Internet:
https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Genital_-_Male_Development

Testículos
UNSW (2016). Testis Development. Disponible desde Internet:

https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Testis_Development_Movie
Material de Apoyo:


Genitales Externos
UNSW (2016). External Genital Male Development. Disponible desde:

https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/External_Genital_Male_Development_Movie
Material de Apoyo:

Descenso Testicular
Stuffer & Cols (2003). Testis Descent. Indiana University. Disponible desde internet:
https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Testis_Descent_Movie
Material de Apoyo:


Aporte Sanguíneo
UNSW (2016). Gonad Blood Supply Development. Disponible desde

Internet:https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Gonad_Blood_Supply_Development
Material de Apoyo:

Uretra
Male Urethra. Disponible desde internet: https://youtu.be/v3Tv86bITZ4?t=5m42s
Material de Apoyo:


2 horas en Casa
la práctica.
Consideraciones:

Nombre de la Práctica Sistema Reproductor Femenino

Práctica:

Materiales

Recursos digitales:
Del Alumno(s):


BRIEFING Inicial

(para el Profesor)



Generalidades
Reproductive System Development. Disponible desde Youtube: https://youtu.be/MureNA-RSZM
Material de Apoyo:
+ UNSW (2016). Genital Male Development. Disponible Vía Internet:
https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Genital_-_Male_Development

Testículos
UNSW (2016). Ovary Development. Disponible desde Internet:

https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Ovary_Development_Movie
Material de Apoyo:


Genitales Externos
UNSW (2016). External Genital Female Development. Disponible desde:

https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Uterus_Development_Movie
Material de Apoyo:

Utero
Stuffer & Cols (2003). Testis Descent. Indiana University. Disponible desde internet:
https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Uterus_Development_Movie
Material de Apoyo:


Aporte Sanguíneo
UNSW (2016). Gonad Blood Supply Development. Disponible desde

Internet:https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Gonad_Blood_Supply_Development
Material de Apoyo:

Uretra
Male Urethra. Disponible desde internet: https://youtu.be/v3Tv86bITZ4?t=5m42s
Material de Apoyo:


2 horas en Casa
la práctica.
Consideraciones:

Práctica Número: 13 y 14 Duración (mins/horas): 2 Sesiones de 120

minutos
Unidad de Contenido IV. Fisiología del Sistema endócrino y Reproductor.
Nombre de la Práctica Fisiología Endócrina.
Competencia Integrar la organización y fisiología embrionario del Sistema Endocrino y

Asociada a la Reproductor.
Práctica:

Materiales

Recursos digitales:
• Simulador Fisiología PhysioEX
Del Alumno(s):

Simulador Fisiología PhysioEX

BRIEFING Inicial

(para el Profesor)



HERRAMIENTA(S): Videos Interactivos + Simulador Virtual
Introducción: Tasa Metabólica
Observa el siguiente video y verifica como se lleva a cabo tradicionalmente una medición de la tasa metabólica. Toma
notas y apuntes.
PhysioEX (2016). Endocrine system Physiology. Disponible desde: Simulador Fisiología PhysioEX
Material de Apoyo:

Lleva a cabo las actividades del Simulador: 1.- BaseLine Metabolic Rates
Material de Apoyo:
EVIDENCIA a recolectar: Notas, capturas de pantalla, apuntes.






Lleva a cabo las actividades del Simulador: 2.- Determining the Effect of Thyroxine on Metabolic Rate
Material de Apoyo:



Insulina y Diabetes - Parte 1
Lleva a cabo las actividades del Simulador: 3.- Determining the Effect of TSH on Metabolic Rate
Material de Apoyo:




Lleva a cabo las actividades del Simulador: 4.- Determining the Effect of Propiltyuracil on Metabolic Rate
Material de Apoyo:




Lleva a cabo las actividades del Simulador: 5.- Hormone Replacement Theraphy
Material de Apoyo:




Lleva a cabo las actividades del Simulador: 6.- Obtaining a Glucose Standard Curve
Material de Apoyo:




Lleva a cabo las actividades del Simulador: 7.- Measuring Fasting Plasma Glucose
Material de Apoyo:






Lleva a cabo las actividades del Simulador: 8.- Measuring Cortisol and Adenocorticotrophine hormone
Material de Apoyo:





2 horas en Casa
la práctica.
Consideraciones:

Nombre de la Práctica Ubicación y Relación con otros Sistemas

Asociada a la Endocrino y AReproductor.
Práctica:

Materiales

Recursos digitales:
Del Alumno(s):


BRIEFING Inicial

(para el Profesor)



Generalidades.
Observa el siguiente video de generalidades, toma notas y apuntes.
CrashCourse (2016). Reproductive System, part 2 - Male Reproductive System: Crash Course A&P 41. Disponible desde
Youtube: https://youtu.be/-XQcnO4iX_U
Material de Apoyo: Ganong & Cols (2016). Fisiología Médica. McGrawHill. 25 Edición. Disponible desde Pórtico UVM:
EVIDENCIA a recolectar: Apuntes Notas.

HERRAMIENTA(S): Videos de Disección en Cadáver: ACLAND + Atlas Anatómico
Completa el Capítulo 48 de Visible -body anatomy and Physiology y lleva a cabo el quizz. Disponible desde Portico UVM
EVIDENCIA a recolectar: Quizz.

Kahn (2015). Testosterone | Reproductive system physiology | NCLEX-RN | Khan Academy. Disponible desde:
https://youtu.be/k4e70nG3T8U
Kahn (2015). Transport of sperm via erection and ejaculation | NCLEX-RN | Khan Academy. Disponible desde:
https://youtu.be/XLoLvz0r550
EVIDENCIA a recolectar: Tarjetas de Resúmen.


Verifica el siguiente video, toma notes, apuntes y has un esquema del concepto (Mapa Conceptual).
* Espermatogénesis: McGRawHill. (N.D.). Spermatogenis Animation. Higher Education. Disponible desde:
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter50/animations.html#
* Regulación Hormonal Masculina https://youtu.be/GC58kOcsx9U
* Testosterona: https://youtu.be/djqqao2Uebo
EVIDENCIA a recolectar: Tarjetas de Resumen.

Lleva cabo y soluciona las actividades propuestas a continuación.
EVIDENCIA a recolectar: Resolución de caso y cuestionarios.









2 horas en Casa
la práctica.
Consideraciones:

Unidad de Contenido IV. Fisiologia del Aparato Reproductor y sistema endocrino
Nombre de la Práctica Fisiología Reproductor Femenino
Competencia Describir y resumir la Fisiología y principales estructuras del Sistema Endocrino

Asociada a la y Aparato Reproductor Femenino
Práctica:

Materiales

Recursos digitales:
Del Alumno(s):


BRIEFING Inicial

(para el Profesor)



Generalidades.
Observa el siguiente video de generalidades, toma notas y apuntes.
CrashCourse (2016). Reproductive System, part 2 - Male Reproductive System: Crash Course A&P 41. Disponible desde
Youtube: https://youtu.be/-XQcnO4iX_U
Material de Apoyo: Ganong & Cols (2016). Fisiología Médica. McGrawHill. 25 Edición. Disponible desde Pórtico UVM:
EVIDENCIA a recolectar: Apuntes Notas.

HERRAMIENTA(S): Visible Body
Completa el Capítulo 49 de Visible -body anatomy and Physiology y lleva a cabo el quizz.
EVIDENCIA a recolectar: Quizz.

Kahn (2015). Estrogen | Reproductive system physiology | NCLEX-RN | Khan Academy. Disponible desde:
https://youtu.be/eK7Gp6AWnuY
Kahn (2015). Ovarian cycle | NCLEX-RN | Khan Academy. Disponible desde: https://youtu.be/VYSFNwTUkG0


HERRAMIENTA(S): Videos Interactivos
Verifica los siguientes videos, toma notes, apuntes y has un esquema del concepto (Mapa Conceptual).
* Possitive and Negative Feedback:
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter28/animation__positive_and_negative_feed
back__quiz_1_.html
* Positive and Negative Feedback 2:
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter28/animation__positive_and_negative_feed
back__quiz_2_.html
* Maturation of the Follicle and Oocyte:
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter28/animation__maturation_of_the_follicle_a
nd_oocyte.html
* Eje hipotálamo hipófisis ovario: http://www.ecu.edu/mts/stage/repro-phys.htm

HERRAMIENTA(S): ABP
Lleva cabo las siguientes actividades y resuelve el problema.
EVIDENCIA a recolectar: Reporte de caso.









2 horas en Casa
la práctica.
Consideraciones:

Unidad de Contenido V. Caso Clinico Integrador
Nombre de la Práctica Sistema Endócrino y Reproductivo
Competencia Integrar la Fisiología y Anatomía del Sistema Endocrino y Aparato Reproductor

Asociada a la Femenino en un caso con enfoque clínico.
Práctica:

Materiales

Recursos digitales:
Del Alumno(s):


BRIEFING Inicial

(para el Profesor)

Secuencia Didáctica: “ABP”


HERRAMIENTA(S): Casos Clínicos
Resuelve los casos clínicaos dados. Utiliza lo aprendido hasta ahora. Correlacion los fundamentos con la clínica.
EVIDENCIA a recolectar: Reporte de Caso.










HERRAMIENTA(S): Casos Clínicos
Resuelve los casos clínicaos dados. Utiliza lo aprendido hasta ahora. Correlacion los fundamentos con la clínica.
EVIDENCIA a recolectar: Reporte de Caso.









2 horas en Casa
la práctica.
Consideraciones:

Práctica Opcional:
PowerLab
N. Fernandez (2015). Manual de Laboratorio de Fisiología. 6ª Edición. McGrawHill. Disponible vía Pórtico
UVM: http://accessmedicina.mhmedical.com/book.aspx?bookid=1722


















ANEXOS
GENERALES

Rúbrica para evaluar mapas conceptuales.
Muy Bueno Bueno Suficiente Insuficiente

CATEGORÍAS (7 puntos) (5 puntos) (3 puntos) (0 puntos)
Muestra un entendimiento Comete 3 errores o Comete más de tres No muestra ningún

1. Conceptos y
del concepto o principio y menos en la errores en la conocimiento en torno al
terminología
usa una notación y una terminología empleada terminología y concepto tratado.
terminología adecuada. y muestra algunos muestra vacíos
vacíos en el conceptuales
entendimiento del profundos.
concepto o principio.
2. Conocimiento Identifica todos los Identifica importantes Realiza muchas Falla al establecer en
de las relaciones conceptos importantes y conceptos, pero realiza conexiones erradas. cualquier concepto o
entre conceptos demuestra un algunas conexiones conexión apropiada.
conocimiento de las erradas.
relaciones entre estos.
3. Habilidad para Construye un mapa Coloca la mayoría de Coloca sólo unos Produce un resultado
comunicar conceptual apropiado y los conceptos en una pocos conceptos en final que no es un mapa
conceptos a completo, incluyendo jerarquía adecuada una jerarquía conceptual.
través del mapa ejemplos, colocando los estableciendo apropiada y usa sólo
conceptual. conceptos en jerarquías y relaciones apropiadas la unas pocas
conexiones adecuadas y mayoría de las veces, relaciones entre los
colocando relaciones en dando como resultado conceptos, dando
todas las conexiones, un mapa fácil de como resultado un
dando como resultado interpretar. mapa difícil de
final un mapa que es fácil interpretar.
de interpretar.
Total: 21 puntos. Escala de evaluación: 21-16 Muy bueno, 15-10 Bueno, 9-4 Suficiente, 3-0 Insuficiente.
Modificado de: Quiñones, J. Obtenido en septiembre del 2015 de:

https://engage.intel.com/servlet/JiveServlet/downloadBody/40116-102-1-48993/rubrica-para-evaluar-mapas-
conceptuales1.doc.

Rúbrica para evaluar tabla comparativa.
Necesita
Excelente Satisfactorio Satisfactorio con
mejorar
VALORACIÓN recomendaciones
PUNTAJE 4 PUNTOS 3 PUNTOS 2 PUNTOS 1 PUNTO
Profundización del Descripción clara y Descripción clara y Descripción ambigua Descripción

tema sustancial del sustancial del del cuadro, algunos incorrecta del
cuadro con buena cuadro detalles no clarifican el cuadro, sin
cantidad de tema detalles
detalles significativos o
escasos
Organización de la Cuadro bien Cuadro con Cuadro con tema Cuadro con
información organizado información bien impreciso y no tema impreciso
(priorización de las focalizada pero no organizada y poco claro, sin
categorías) y suficientemente coherencia entre
claramente organizada las partes que lo
presentado, así componen
como de fácil
seguimiento
Calidad del diseño Cuadro Cuadro simple pero Cuadro simple, con Cuadro mal
sobresaliente y bien organizado sin ciertas debilidades en planteado que
atractivo que errores de la organización y con no cumple con
cumple con los ortografía al menos tres errores los criterios de
criterios de diseño ortográficos diseño
planteados, sin planteados y
errores de con más de tres
ortografía errores de
ortografía
Presentación del La presentación La presentación fue La presentación fue La presentación

cuadro fue hecha en hecha en tiempo y hecha en tiempo y no fue hecha en
comparativo tiempo y forma, forma, además se forma, aunque con tiempo y forma,
además se entregó entregó de forma deficiencias en la además la
de forma limpia en limpia aunque no pulcritud y el formato entrega no se
el formato fue en el formato establecido dio de la forma
preestablecido preestablecido pre establecida
(papel o digital) por el docente
Cantidad de El uso de El uso de El número de El número de

categorías de categorías está categorías está categorías no está categorías no
comparación acorde tanto en acorde para permitir acorde con la temática está acorde con
usadas jerarquía como en una adecuada presentada y muestra la temática o no
número para comparación del deficiencias en el guardan relación
permitir una tema establecido, orden jerárquico con el tema
adecuada aunque necesita
comparación del ajustar el orden
tema establecido jerárquico
Calidad de la La información La información da La información La información

información está claramente respuesta al proporcionada guarda suministrada no
presentada relacionada con el objetivo principal del relación con las guarda relación
tema y proporciona cuadro comparar categorías aunque su con el tema
varios niveles de mas no aporta otros calidad (fuentes) es
comparación niveles de análisis deficiente
Fuente: Velázquez, P. (2012), Obtenido en septiembre del 2015 de:

https://es.scribd.com/doc/110937172/Rubrica-Para-Evaluar-Un-Cuadro-Comparativo

Rúbrica para evaluar síntesis.
Puntaje 4 3 2 1 0
Preparación 1. El texto contiene Se observan No aplica. Se observan algunas El texto no presenta

muestras de algunas deficiencias en alguno evidencia de
identificación de deficiencias en de los elementos de la preparación previa.
estructura (bloques alguno de los preparación, pero que
temáticos), 2. Se elementos de la afectan el análisis de
subrayaron las preparación que las ideas.
ideas principales, no afectan el
3. Se hicieron análisis de las
notas al margen ideas.
del texto
Identificación Se identifican Se identifican Se identifican Se identifican No se identificó

de elementos correctamente los correctamente la correctamente la correctamente la correctamente la
argumentativos elementos opinión, la opinión, la evidencia opinión y la evidencia opinión y/o la
evidencia y tres y dos elementos evidencia (aunque se
elementos más. más. haya identificado
correctamente algún
otro elemento)
Transformación El texto se Se transformó Se transformó No se aplicaron varias No se transformó

textual transformó adecuadamente el parcialmente el técnicas de totalmente el texto,
adecuadamente y texto, se texto: no se han transformación textual, incluso hay
refleja la reconocen todas utilizado lo cual empieza a reproducción literal
identificación y las ideas correctamente afectar el contenido. de partes del mismo.
jerarquización de principales en su algunas técnicas de
ideas, no hay correcta jerarquía, transformación
frases copiadas. pero se textual. Sin
parafrasean de embargo, se
modo muy general, reconocen las ideas
sin dar cuenta del principales.
rema.
Estructura El texto posee El texto posee una El texto posee una El texto posee una El texto solamente
introducción introducción y una introducción (a la introducción (a la que presenta una parte
(presenta datos del parte expositiva que le falta un le faltan elementos) expositiva.
autor que apuntan bien redactada. La elemento) y una y/o una parte
a su perspectiva, transición entre las parte expositiva expositiva no muy
género, fuente y partes es abrupta. bien redactada. coherente.
confiabilidad de
ésta); una parte
expositiva bien
redactada. Hay una
transición lógica y
retórica entre
ambas partes.

Rúbrica para evaluar portafolio de evidencias
CRITERIO/ 4 3 2 1 ASIGNACIÒN
PUNTUACIÒN
PORTADA Incluye nombre del autor, Falta algún elemento Faltan dos elementos Carece de tres o más
Institución y curso. en la presentación del en la presentación del elementos para la correcta
Incluye título sugerente en la trabajo trabajo. presentación del trabajo
portada.
Considera fecha y lugar
OBJETIVO El objetivo del portafolio es El objetivo del El objetivo del No tiene objetivo explícito
congruente con los portafolio considera portafolio no es
contenidos de las lecciones o sólo parcialmente los congruente con los
tareas del curso. contenidos contenidos o
El objetivo representa el estudiados. lecciones estudiadas.
aprendizaje obtenido y la
razón por la cual se
estructuran de esa forma las
evidencias.
EVIDENCIAS Incluye todos los tipos de Incluye al menos tres Incluye sólo dos tipos Incluye sólo uno o ninguna de
evidencias: palabras clave, de los tipos de de las evidencias los tipos de evidencias
estrategias, resúmenes, evidencias solicitadas. solicitadas. solicitadas.
mapas, etc. No todas las Solamente una La evidencia presentada no
Las evidencias demuestran evidencias evidencia demuestra demuestra avance en los
los avances en los demuestran el avance en los aprendizajes.
aprendizajes esperados. claramente el avance aprendizajes
de en los aprendizajes esperados.
esperados.
ORGANIZACIÒN Todos los documentos están A los documentos les A los documentos les El documento solo tiene un
correctamente presentados: faltan algunos faltan más de dos elemento o ninguno de
Constan de encabezado, son elementos de la elementos de presentación.
claros, limpios, explicativo. presentación. presentación.
ORTOGRAFIA El portafolio de evidencias Hay hasta cinco Hay de 6 a 10 errores Hay más de 10 errores
está elaborado sin errores errores ortográficos. ortográficos en el ortográficos.
ortográficos. portafolio
SUMAS
CRITERIO DE EVALUACIÒN EN ESCALA DE 5 A 10.

• Por ser 5 los criterios de evaluación, la máxima calificación será de 20 puntos, que equivale a 10
• Para obtener los puntajes, basta multiplicar la suma total de puntos por 5. Ej.: 16 X 5 = 8.0
• Se les recuerda aplicar las reglas del redondeo. Ej. 5.5 (menor del 6), se pone 5; pero si el puntaje es
aprobatorio a partir del 6, Ej.: 6.5, se redondea a 7.

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UVM México Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud

Sistema Endócrino y Reproductor

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2.1 Dimensión biológica

Competencia Específica asociada a la práctica:

1. Comprender la organización y estructura macroscópica del sistema endocrino y reproductor.

3. Integrar los principios elementales de la embriogénesis del sistema endocrino y reproductivo a la

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No. Unidad Nombre de la práctica Página FECHA de

1 I Ubicación y Relación con Otros Sistemas: Sistema Endocrino y

2 I Aspectos Macroscópicos del Sistema Endócrino I

3 I Aspectos Macroscópicos del Sistema Reproductor Masculino

4 I Aspectos Macroscópicos del Sistema Reproductor Femenino

5 I Aspectos Microscópicos del Sistema Endócrino

6 II Aspectos Microscópicos del Sistema reproductivo Masculino A

7 II Aspectos Microscópicos del Sistema reproductivo Masculino B

8 II Aspectos Microscópicos del Sistema reproductivo Femenino

9 III Embriogénesis del Sistema Endócrino

10 III Embriogénesis del Aparato Reproductor Masculino

11 III Embriogénesis del Aparato Reproductor Femenino

12 IV Fisiología del Sistema Endócrino A

13 IV Fisiología del Sistema Endócrino B

14 IV Fisiología del Aparato Reproductor Masculino

15 IV Fisiología del Aparato Reproductor Femenino

16 V Caso Clínico Integrador: Endócrino

Prácticas Opcionales: POWERLAB

Referencias y bibliografía recomendada

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Copyright © UVM México, 2017-2020. Todos los Derechos Reservados. 4

Práctica Número: 1 Duración (mins/horas): 120 minutos

Unidad de Contenido I. Estrcutura Macroscópica del Sistema Endócrino y Reproductor

Nombre de la Práctica Ubicación y Relación con otros Sistemas

Competencia Describir y resumir la organización y principales estructuras del Sistema

Copyright © UVM México, 2017-2020. Todos los Derechos Reservados. 5

• Laboratorio de estructura y función equipado con seis de trabajo.

• Post-It tipo flechas pequeñas.

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SESIÓN DE PREGUNTAS Y RESPUESTAS (10 MINUTOS)

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Secuencia Didáctica: “MESAS ROTATIVAS EN CARRUSEL”

MESA DETRABAJO 1 (20 minutos)

UBICA en los modelos Anatómicos de Plástico las siguientes estructuras:

EVIDENCIA a recolectar: Fotografías de Modelos de Plástico Digitales

MESA DETRABAJO 2 (30 minutos)

EVIDENCIA a recolectar: Cuadro.

MESA DETRABAJO 3 (20 minutos)

EVIDENCIA a recolectar:Mapa Conceptual

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MESA DETRABAJO 4 (20 minutos)

EVIDENCIA a recolectar:Mapa Conceptual

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Aprendizaje Auto-dirigido (Independiente)

Construcción de un portafolio de evidencias que incluya:

Rúbrica para evaluación de portafolio de evidencias electrónico (Ver Anexo).

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Práctica Número: 2 Duración (mins/horas): 120 minutos

Unidad de Contenido I. Estrcutura Macroscópica del Sistema Endócrino y Reproductor

Nombre de la Práctica Sistema Endócrino

Competencia Describir y resumir la organización y principales estructuras del Sistema

Copyright © UVM México, 2017-2020. Todos los Derechos Reservados. 11

• Laboratorio de estructura y función equipado con seis de trabajo.

• Post-It tipo flechas pequeñas.

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SESIÓN DE PREGUNTAS Y RESPUESTAS (10 MINUTOS)