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EE126
Chapter 6
Uncontrolled Rectifier
1920s1 - JPARamoso
Objectives
• Evaluatethe performance of single- and three-
phase half- and full-wave uncontrolled rectifiers
• Analyze uncontrolled rectifiers with resistive
loads
• Describe the effects of inductive loads on rectifier
2
Performance Parameters
• Characteristics of a good rectifier:
With minimum harmonic content
Can maintain input current as sinusoidal as possible
Maintain in-phase relationship of input & output
3
Performance Parameters
1. Average output (load) voltage & current, VDC & IDC
2. RMS output voltage & current, VRMS & IRMS
3. Output DC and AC power, PDC & PAC
4. Efficiency / Rectification Ratio, η
5. Effective (rms) value of the output’s AC component, Vac
4
Rectification Ratio
• Figure of merit; compares efficiency
• Mathematically defined as
Pdc Vdc I dc
5
Voltage components
and shaping
• Output voltage = DC + AC (ripple)
• Effective (rms) value of AC:
2
Vac = Vrms − Vdc2
• Form factor: measures shape of output voltage
RF = Vac / Vdc = FF 2 − 1
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Transformer Utilization Factor
• Mathematically defined as
Pdc
TUF =
VAsec
where
VAsec = volt-ampere rating
7
Harmonic Content
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Notes:
• Distortion
Factor (DF) is also known as
,-.
displacement power factor (DPF) 𝐷𝐹 = ,-
0- ,-.
• Input Power Factor (PF) 𝑃𝐹 = 0- ,-
cos 𝜙
,-(789:)
• Ideal
rectifier:
η=100%, Vac=0,
RF = HF = THD = 0,
FF = TUF = PF = DPF = 1
12
Example:
Single-phase rectifiers
•Determine for a half-wave uncontrolled rectifier with a purely
resistive load R:
a) efficiency,
b) FF,
c) RF,
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Example:
Single-phase rectifiers
( @ 0I
• 𝑉= = 𝑉>? = ∫ 𝑉 sin 𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝜔𝑡 = 1 + cos 𝛼
&@ H B &@
MN(OP) 0N(OP)
•𝜂 = =
MN(QP)
0N(RS-) T U0N(OP) T
0N(RS-)
• 𝐹𝐹 =
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Illustration:
Full-wave with RL load
Consider a bridge type rectifier with RL load, and
the method of Fourier series, the output voltage
can be represented in the following form:
∞
vo (t ) = Vdc + ∑ (a cos nωt + bn sin nωt )
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Illustration:
Full-wave with RL load
2Vm
Vdc =
π
1 2π
an = vo cos nωtd (ωt )
π∫ 0
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Illustration:
Full-wave with RL load
4Vm ∞
−1
an = ∑ , for n = 2,4,...
π n = 2, 4,... (n − 1)(n + 1)
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Illustration:
Full-wave with RL load
1 2π
bn = vo sin nωtd (ωt )
π∫ 0
2 π
= ∫ (V m sin ωt )sin nωtd (ωt )
bn = 0
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Illustration:
Full-wave with RL load
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Example
For the RL half-wave rectifier, R=100Ω, L=0.1 H,
𝜔=377 rad/s, and Vm=100 V. Determine
(a) an expression for the current in this circuit,
(b) the average current,
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Multiphase Rectifiers
(“Star Rectifiers”)
• For power ratings greater than 15kW
• General equations for q-phase rectifiers:
2 π /q q π
Vdc = V cos ω td (ω t ) = V sin
2π / q ∫0
m m
π q
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Three-phase Star Rectifier
• Can be treated as 3
single-phase half-
wave rectifiers
• Inpractice, connected
with a single primary
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Three-phase Star Rectifier
• Consider a three-phase source:
2 π /6 3 3
Vdc = ∫ 3Vm cos ω td (ω t ) = Vm = 1.654Vm
2π / 6 0 π
where Vm is the peak phase voltage.
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Three-phase bridge rectifiers
The RMS output voltage is:
2 π /6 ⎛3 9 3⎞
Vrms =
2π / 6 ∫0
( )2
3Vm cos ωt d (ωt ) = ⎜⎜ + ⎟ = 1.6554Vm
⎟
⎝ 2 4π ⎠
If the load is purely resistive, the peak current
through a diode is given by
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Example:
Bridge Rectifier
A three-phase bridge rectifier has a purely resistive load of R.
The source frequency is 60 Hz. Determine the following:
a) efficiency,
b) FF,
c) RF,
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