Neoclassicism Transcendentalism Naturalism Realism

Definition This was a It was an idealistic This was a late Realism is a literary
movement of literary movement of nineteenth movement movement that
literature in which the mid-19th century. of literature which developed in the
writers tried to Various visionaries, identifies the middle of the 19th
imitate the style of intellectuals, underlying causes for century. Realism is all
the ancients scholars, and writers a person's actions or about portraying real
Greeks and would come together beliefs. This life. Realist writers
Romans leaving regularly to discuss movement tries to write about regular
behind the spiritual ideas. As replicate everyday folks—bored
inventiveness and such, they professed life and reality housewives, petty
experimentation of skepticism of all without giving government officials,
the Renaissance established religions, characters 'special poor spinsters, poor
and which flourished believing that treatment', or teenagers—living
between 1660 and Divinity resided in extraordinary ordinary lives and
1798. This was also the individual, and circumstances like showing how even
known as the the mediation of a suddenly becoming ordinary lives are
Enlightenment church was wealthy. meaningful, and full
period, which cumbersome to of drama.
emphasized logic achieving
and reason. enlightenment.

Features 1-Social needs are 1. Nonconformity 1-Scientific principles 1-Focuses on reality

more important (Individualism) of objectivity and 2-Characters are
than individual 2. Self Reliance detachment to the more important than
needs (Trust study of human action and plot
2-Man could find yourself/intuition) beings (characters 3-Characters display
meaning in order - 3. Optimism (All men may seem like the real human qualities
religious, social, the have equal subjects of such as temper,
order of nature, possibilities. Man is scientific case selfishness, and
government... inherently good.) studies) insecurities
3-Neoclassical 4. Nature 2-Heredity and 4-Social class is
literature was (Appreciation of the environment control important (low,
focused on simple life and the human actions middle, and upper
common sense, natural surroundings) (rather than free will.) class)
order, accuracy, 5. Over-soul (We are 3-Lower 5-Ending might be
and structure. all part of something socioeconomic unhappy
4-Their characters larger than each part. classes 6-Natural diction
were feature as This draws the line 4-Pessimism, (word choice).
self-controlled, between celebrating determinism, and
and restrained. the self and being predetermined fate
selfish.) from the story with an
6. Carpe Diem overall objective tone.
(Seize the day).

Thought The classical It was concerned with Naturalistic writers The moral revolution
that ideals of order and the thoughts that were influenced by marked the end of the
influence moderation from man could the evolution theory hypocrisy of the
it the style and transcend our of Charles Darwin. Victorian morality. In
works of Roman physical being and They were deeply the Origin of Species
and Greek authors understands life by delighted by Darwin's (1859), Darwin
inspired going beyond the five ideas of constant suggested for the first
neoclassicists to senses to understand struggle in nature time that man
imitate them. life and our place in it. and the survival of descended from apes:
 Writers of this They believed that we the fittest. Even there was no need for
period immensely use something like when it was God, just a struggle for
endeavored to what we might call theoretically following life. Realism is the fact
follow the footpaths our sixth sense, or a scientific of being faithful to
of the writers of the intuition to figure out “method,” the fact reality. There is the
period of Augustus, those things about life remains that belief that the novel’s
which produced that can’t always be naturalistic prose function is simply to
unparalleled writers understood through works manifested report what happens,
as Horace, Virgil the five physical themselves in without comment or
and Ovid. senses. They novelistic form. They judgment. Seemingly
Mythologies, valued self-reliance, attempted to achieve inconsequential
Roman and Greek or a reliance on extreme objectivity elements gain the
played an important one's own powers and frankness, attention of the novel
role and influenced and resources rather presenting characters functioning in the
most of their works. than those of others, of low social and realist mode.
and trust in one's own economic classes.
heart and thoughts
Conceptio In this period man is Transcendentalism Men are, in Emile Realistic writers think
n of man considered as a posited the belief that Zola's phrase, that men are simply
limited being, men can intuitively "human beasts”. human beings and that
having limited transcend the limits They suggest that human beings are in
power. It was of the senses and social conditions, control of their own
showed man to be logic and receive heredity, and destiny and they are
flawed and higher truth directly environment had really superior to their
relatively more from nature. They inescapable force in circumstances. Men
human. A large believed that each shaping human act on their
number of satires person carries the character they also environment rather
and works of the universe within lead the reader to than simply reacting to
period attack the himself as well as think that the destiny it.
man for his pride the goodness and of humanity is
and advise him to an intuition. For misery in life and
remain content them everything is oblivion in death
with his limited connected, so they and that he/she can
power of believed that nature do nothing about it.
knowledge. can help us improve They believe that
spiritually. man in misery and
the hunger is cruel
and unfair.
Author Jonathan Swift Margaret Fuller Theodore Dreiser Mark Twain
(30 November 1667 (May 23, 1810 – July (August 27, 1871 – (November 30, 1835 –
– 19 October 1745) 19, 1850) was an December 28, 1945) April 21, 1910), known
was an Anglo-Irish American journalist, was an American by his pen name Mark
satirist, essayist, editor, critic, and novelist and journalist Twain, was an
political women's of the naturalist American
pamphleteer, poet rights advocate school. writer, humorist,
and cleric. associated with the entrepreneur,
American transcende publisher, and lecturer.
ntalism movement.

Works *Gulliver’s travels *Woman in the *Sister Carrie * Adventures of

It is a prose satire nineteenth century It is a novel about a Huckleberry Finn
by Irish writer and The basis for Fuller's young country girl It is a novel in which
clergyman Jonathan essay is the idea that who moves to the big the main character is
Swift, that is both a man will rightfully city where she starts in moral conflict with
 satire on human inherit the earth when realizing her the received values of
nature and the he becomes an own American dream. the society in which he
"travellers' tales" elevated being, lives.
literary subgenre. understanding of *An American * The Adventures of
divine love. tragedy Tom Sawyer
*A tale of a tube It is a novel about the It is a novel about a
The Tale is a prose *Summer on the story of the corruption young boy growing up
parody divided into lakes and destruction of along the Mississippi
sections each It is a nonfiction one man, Clyde River. It is set in the
delving into the book based on her Griffiths, who forfeits 1840s in the
morals and ethics of experiences traveling his life in desperate fictional town of St.
the English. to the Great Lakes pursuit of success. Petersburg.
region. Along the
way, she interacted
with several Native
Americans, who she
presented as people
in need of sympathy
Author Daniel Defoe Ralph Walso Stephen Crane Edith Wharton
(1660 – 24 April Emerson (November 1, 1871 – (24, 1862 – August
1731) born Daniel (May 25, 1803 – June 5, 1900) was an 11, 1937) was
Foe, was an English April 27, 1882) was American poet, an American
trader, writer, an American novelist, and short novelist, short
journalist, essayist, lecturer, phil story writer. story writer, playwright,
pamphleteer and osopher, and designer.
spy. and poet who led
the transcendentalist
movement.

Works *Robinson Crusoe *Nature *Maggie: A girl of *The house of Mirth

It is a book written in It’s an essay in which the streets It tells the story of Lily
an epistolary, Emerson put forth the It is considered the Bart, a well-born but
confessional, and foundation of first American impoverished woman
didactic form, the transcendentalism, a naturalistic novel. . belonging to New York
book is presented belief system that The story centers on City's high society
as an autobiography espouses a non- Maggie, a young girl around the turn of the
of the title character traditional from the Bowery who last century.
who is a castaway. appreciation of nature is driven to *The age of
and God. unfortunate innocence
* A journal of the circumstances by This novel centers on
plague year *The over-soul poverty and solitude. an upper-class
This novel is an It is an essay with the * The Red Badge of couple's impending
account of one human soul as its Courage marriage, and the
man's experiences overriding subject, It is a war novel introduction of the
of the year 1665, in several general which takes place bride's cousin, plagued
which the Great themes are treated: during the American by scandal, whose
Plague or the the existence and Civil War; the story is presence threatens
bubonic plague nature of the human about a their happiness
struck the city of soul; the relationship young private of
London. between the soul and the Union Army,
the personal ego and Henry Fleming, who
more. flees from the field of
battle.
 Alexander Pope Walt Whitman Frank Norris John Steinbeck
(21 May 1688 – 30 (July 12, 1817 – May (March 5, 1870 – (February 27, 1902 –
May 1744) was an 6, 1862) was an October 25, 1902) December 20, 1968)
Author 18th-century English American essayist, p was an American was an American
poet. oet, philosopher, abol journalist and novelist author. He has been
itionist, naturalist, tax during called "a giant of
resister, development the Progressive Era, American letters
critic, surveyor, whose fiction was
yogi, historian and a predominantly in
leading the naturalist genre
transcendentalist

Works *The rape of the *Walden *Mcteague *Of mice and men
lock The book is a It is a novel which It is a novella which
It is a mock-heroic reflection upon simple tells the story of a tells the story of
narrative poem. The living in natural couple's courtship George Milton and
poem satirizes a surroundings. The and marriage, and Lennie Small; two
small incident by work is part personal their subsequent displaced
comparing it to declaration of descent into poverty, migrant ranch workers
the epic world of the independence, violence and who move from place
gods. voyage of spiritual finally murder as the to place in California.
discovery, satire, result
*The Dunciad and—to some of jealousy and greed *The grapes of wrath
It is a mock- degree—a manual for . It is a novel set during
heroic narrative self-reliance. the Great Depression;
poem. Pope’s satire *The octopus: a story the novel focuses on
is political and *Civil disobedience of California the Joads, a poor
cultural in very It is an essay, in It is a 1901 novel family of tenant
specific ways. Pope which Thoreau which emphasized farmers driven from
attacks very argues that the control of their Oklahoma home
particular individuals should not "forces"—such as the by drought, economic
degradations of permit governments t power of railroad hardship, agricultural
political discourse o overrule or atrophy monopolies—over industry changes, and
and particular their consciences individuals. bank foreclosures
degradations of the forcing tenant farmers
arts. out of work.

Made by: Yadira González v-26.958.399