1

UNIVERSITY OF PUNE

A
SEMINAR REPORT

ON
FIREALARM SYSTEM USING IOT
Presented By:

Mr. Handore Bhanudas Keshav

Exam Seat No. ___________

Roll No: 65

Third Year Electrical Engineering

Academic year

2019-2020

Guided By:Prof. N.H Mate

Department of Electrical Engineering

Guru Gobind Singh College of Engineering & Research,

Nashik.

Khalsa Education Complex,Guru Gobond Singh Marg,

Nashik- 422003.

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this seminar work entitled “FIRE ALARM SYSTEM USING
IOT” is a bonafieds work carried out by Handore Bhanudas Keshav a student of
TE (ELECTRICAL) during the academic year 2019-2020. It has been completed
under my guidance and supervision.

Prof. N.
Seminar Guide
G.C.O.E.R.C, Nashik

Prof. S.P.Sonar Prof. Dr. N. G. Nikam

Head of Electrical Department Principal
G.C.O.E.R.C, Nashik G.C.O.E.R.C, Nashik

Date:

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Every seminar is successful largely due to the effort of a number of people

who have always given their valuable advice or lent a helping hand. I sincerely
appreciate the inspiration; support and guidance of all those people who have
been instrumental in making this work a success.

I wish to express sense of gratitude to my guide to Prof. N.M Pawar , Electrical

Engineering Department. Guru Gobind Singh College of Engineering And
Research Center Nashik, to give me guidance at every moment during my entire
work and giving valuable suggestions. He gives me unfailing inspiration and
whole hearted co-operation in caring out my seminar work.

Last but not the least I wish to thanks my friends of T.E and seniors who
helped me directly or indirectly in the successful completion of this work.

Date:
Place:

Name: Handore Bhanudas

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ABSTRACT

Detection of fire in homes is necessary to avoid destruction of

property due to fire accidents both natural and induced. Detection of fire can prove to
be very important as it could mean the difference between life and death. Fires can
occur from anywhere and at any point of time, hence the presence of Fire Alarm
System helps in keeping your family safe.
Some people don’t see the need to have a fire alarm system. They
just assume that they could smell the fire and run out in time. The average time for a
house to burn down nowadays is just 60 seconds. So, by the time you smell the fire
and try to run away, the fire has probably engulfed the house. The Internet of Things
(IoT) is a system of devices connected and accessible through the internet. The
‘Thing’ in IOT could refer to any physical device, varying from a toaster to an
automobile.
These devices can be connected through the internet and help us
manipulate or collect data from them. In this paper, we will be using a wide variety of
sensors to detect the presence of fire and alert its presence to the watchman and fire
officials. It discusses in detail about the functions of each module and its
implementation in an elaborate manner. It also discusses the application of Iot
Technology in relation to fire detection technologies.

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CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

List Of Abbreviations 6

List Of Figures 7

1. INTRODUCTION 8

1.1 Introduction 8

2. LITERATURE SURVEY 10

2.1 Literature Survey

3. FIRE ALARM SYSTEM USING IOT 11

Block Diagram Explanation 12

3.1
Proposed System 13
3.2
4. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION 15

Raspberry Pi 3 15
4.1
Pir Sensor 16
4.2
System Implementation 16
4.3
5. ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS 18

Advantages 18
5.1
Limitations 18
5.2

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6. APPLICATIONS 19

Applications 19
6.1
7. CONCLUSION 20

Conclusion 20
7.1
8. FUTURE SCOPE 21

Future Scope 21
8.1
REFERENCES 22

List of figures

FIGURE. NO TITLE PAGE.NO

3.1 Block Diagram 12
3.2 IOT Network For Fire Alarm 13
4.1 Raspberry Pi 3 15
4.2 PIR Sensor 16

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

In recent years, fire detection has become a very big issue, as it has caused severe
damage including the loss of human lives. Sometimes, these incidents are more
destructive when the fire spreads to the surroundings. Early detection of a fire event
is an effective way to save lives and reduce property damage. To escape a fiery place
and to douse the fire source, the fire must be detected at its
initial stage. The installation of a fire alarm system is the most convenient way to
detect a fire early and avoid losses. Fire alarms consist of different devices working
together that have the ability to detect fire and alert people through visual and audio
appliances. The detection devices (i.e., heat, smoke, and gas detectors) detect events
and activate the alarm automatically, or sometimes the alarms are activated manually.
The alarm may consist of bells, mountable sounders, or horns.
Most of the fire alarm systems use the technology of a wireless sensor network
(WSN). WSNs have gained popularity because they have a variety of uses in
different applications, such as target tracking [1,2], localization [3], healthcare [4,5],
Smart Transpiration [6], environmental monitoring, and industrial automation [7].
WSN is also used in collecting data and monitoring, both autonomously or with the
help of users [8,9]. WSN applications also help human and animals [10,11] and are
also used for industrial purposes, for example, underground pipeline monitoring. In a
WSN, sensor devices are often very tiny, battery-powered, and densely populated
with the functionality of monitoring several parameters of the environment.

In this we have developed an IoT based fire alarm with additional safety and
verification methods. The devices uses a wide variety of sensors- PIR sensor, to
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detect the exact location of the origin of fire. Gas sensor, it detects the presence of
any flammable gas like CO2. Temperature sensor, detects of there is any unusual
change in the room temperature. The connectivity and compilation of data is done by
using a Raspberry Pi 3. As soon as the sensors detect some unusual activity, the web
camera attached to the device takes a picture of the surrounding and sends it to the
watchman and the nearby fire stations. The watchman has a grace period of 120
seconds to confirm the fire and its validity. Upon his verification the fire marshalls
arrive at the scene to put out the fire. If the message is unanswered by the watchman
for 120 seconds the device sends out a red alert to the fire station requesting their
immediate arrival.

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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY

Fire is very deadly and it leads to loss of human life and property. Fire detection
systems are necessary to reduce the destruction of personal belongings and caused by
fire both man made and induced. The National Crime Records Bureau indicates that
there have been a total of 113961 fatalities due to fire accidents during the years 2010
to 2014. Fire accidents claim roughly 65 victims every day. A total of 1.21 lakh fire
accidents occurred between the years 2010 and 2014. Thankfully by the usage of
more smart fire detecting systems the number of fire accidents have been reducing
steadily. One of the most destructive properties of fire is that it spreads exponentially
and with the right medium can spread uncontrollably. This is why timely detection of
fire is necessary for avoiding a fire hazard. The Internet of Things is a collection of
sensor, actuators, software, electronics embedded with home appliances, physical
devices and vehicles which connect with each other to connect and exchange date
which helps in increasing the efficiency of everyday appliances using computer based
systems. Not only does it help in improving the efficiency of a device\ but also has
economic benefits. Iot is just another way to make everyday life easier for humans by
developing smart devices. IoT devices have increased 31% per and was at 8.4 billion
in the year 2017. The total count is set to reach 30 billion devices by the year 2020.
The market value for IoT devices is also set to increase to $7.1 million by the year
2020. Iot involves connecting objects beyond the range of standard devices which are
used for everyday purposes.

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CHAPTER 3
FIRE ALARM SYSTEM USING IOT

As we seen earlier that the fire alarm system is a modern developed solution for the
fire accident in all like residential commercial and for industrial atmosphere.
In this we have developed an IOT based fire alarm with additional safety and
verification methods. The devices uses a wide variety of sensors- PIR sensor, to
detect the exact location of the origin of fire. Gas sensor, it detects the presence of
any flammable gas like CO2. Temperature sensor, detects of there is any unusual
change in the room temperature. The connectivity and compilation of data is done by
using a Raspberry Pi 3. As soon as the sensors detect some unusual activity, the web
camera attached to the device takes a picture of the surrounding and sends it to the
watchman and the nearby fire stations. The watchman has a grace period of 120
seconds to confirm the fire and its validity. Upon his verification the fire marshalls
arrive at the scene to put out the fire. If the message is unanswered by the watchman
for 120 seconds the device sends out a red alert to the fire station requesting their
immediate arrival.

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3.1. BLOCK DIAGRAM :

FLAME BUZZER
SENSOR

SPRINKER
MOTOR
PIR SENSOR RASPBERRY PI 3

WIFI
GAS SENSOR

WEB
CAMERA

FIG.3.1. General block diagram of system

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3.1.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM EXPLANATION :

The architecture diagram is almost self-explanatory. The sensors and the camera act
as input devices that gives input data to the raspberry pi which then processes the
information and deduces through the unique algorithm whether there is a fire or not.
The buzzer and sprinkler are close vicinity warning and countermeasure system while
the wifi is used to send a message to the security guard and the nearest fire
department.

3.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM

FIG .3.2 IOT NETWORK FOR FIRE ALARM

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Fires cause serious damage and disrupts daily life in a devastating manner. Hence
preventing them or reducing their effects is a top priority.
Though there are many systems that have been created to tackle this problem, false
alarms is a challenge that is yet to be avoided.
In our model, the place to be monitored is under constant surveillance by a closed
circuit television. At tactical points, a number of sensors are placed. The sensor
include pir sensor, temperature sensor, heat sensor and gas sensor. Each sensor plays
a vital role in detecting a fire if it occurs. On top of these sensors, the footage from
the camera is also used to detect the fire through image processing. The main
advantage of this system is that it has a very high accuracy. If the fire has been
detected a mail is sent to the security and the nearest fire department with an
attachment of the photo.

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CHAPTER 4

HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 RASPBERRY PI 3 :

Raspberry PI is a single board computer. It is a small computer which can be used

by connecting it to any computer or monitor and is also compatible with a keyboard
and mouse. It is capable of connecting to hardware equipments and can be put to real
time use in many placed due to its compact size and efficiency. The main parts of
raspberry PI are the main processing chip, HDMI out, Ethernet port, USB ports and
much more.

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Fig 4.1 . Raspberry PI 3

4.2 PIR SENSOR

PIR sensor or Passive InfraRed sensor is an electronic device that can measure the
infrared light from a particular object to which it is focused. In this

particular project it is used to detect the origin of the fire. Every object that has a
temperature above absolute zero emit a small amount of heat, (a large amount in the
case of fire), this heat is detected using the infrared light. This property can be used to
find the place which emits the maximum amount which can be inferred as the place
of origin of the fire.

FIG.4.2. PIR sensor

4.3 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION :

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For implementation of the system, we will be using two different

types of micro-controllers, the Raspberry Pi 3 and the Arduino Mega 2560 rev3. The
code written Arduino would contain a specific IP address for each Arduino to
identify the each of them. Each Arduino acting as Server takes the analog readings
from the sensors, compares them to the threshold value. If the sensor values get to
reach of threshold, the Arduino performs necessary actions, including throwing the
data over IP via ESP-01, which contains snap of the situation, pair number of the
sensor and also the IP the of Arduino, so that the admin can locate the actual place
where the situation is hasty. During transmission of the data the Arduino converts the
analog data to digital so that it could be understood by Raspberry Pi. The code
written by python programming language in raspberry pi seeks data from Router via
each IP as Client if there is any. Whenever the Raspberry Pi is able to get the data, it
starts processing data for further actions.

The motherboard named Raspberry Pi 3 acting as a Client is both a micro-

controller and a CPU which has a processor of 1.2Ghz 64-bit quad-core ARMv8
Cortex A53 CPU alone with 1GB ram of 900Mhz, 4 USB ports, 1 HDMI port, 1
audio I/O port and 1 Ethernet port in it, including 40 GPIO pins which can be
configured as digital input or output. The board Raspberry Pi 3 has built in wireless
module in it that has both 802.11n wireless LAN and Bluetooth 4.1 including BLE
feature by which we can both receive and transmit data wirelessly without any other
partial device. In the proposed system, we will be using four pairs of sensors, where
there will be TEMT6000 light intensity sensor and MQ-02 gas/smoke sensor in each
pair. The TEMT6000 is an ambient light sensor which has three female pins in it, that
are Vcc, GND and the Signal pin of the Arduino will be getting the analog readings.
The sensor acts like the transistor, the greater the incoming light is the higher the
analog value gets to. The MQ-02 gas/smoke sensor uses a small heater, including an
electro-chemical sensor inside that is sensitive to Methane, Butane, LPG, smoke and

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also flammable and combustible gasses. It is used in indoors at room temperature.

The sensor has to be calibrated to detect smoke with proper load resistor and burn-in,
which can be done by gas sensor module.

CHAPTER 5

5.1 ADVANTAGES :

1. High accuracy
2. Fast rescue
3. Economical
4. Highly sensitive

5.2 LIMITATIONS:

1. Network problems
2. Manmade mistakes

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CHAPTER: 6
 APPLICATIONS :

1. School and college

2. Hospitals
3. Hostels
4. Large hotels
5. Residential buildings
6. Commercial complex
7. Large Industrial sector

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CHAPTER: 7

 CONCLUSION :

In this Project, we discussed the latest technology that can help to reduce
catastrophic accidents caused by fire. We designed the whole system and
evaluated its effectiveness as well as scalability. With the improvement of sensor
technology, the system will become more efficient and useful.
If this system can be successfully integrated in every factories, then it is hoped
that the loss of life and property due to the fire accidents will reduce remarkably
and the country’s economy will not be stumbled by such tragic accidents.

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CHAPTER : 8

 FUTURE SCOPE:

As we seen that day by day the population is increasing in huge amount across
world .so in future the residential and commercial buildings are increasing rapidly
so this is better option for safety in future and present also.
To overcome disadvantages and looking for implementation of Automatic fire
detection

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REFERENCES

1. J. F. Fuller and K. J. Roesler, "Influence of harmonics on power distribution system

protection," IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 3, No 2, Apr. 1988, pp. 549-557.

2. A. V. Duraivel proposed a system using raspberry Pi 3. They designed the system by using a
wide variety of sensors, a video camera and a sprinkler. It is highly compact and provides an
authenticated detection process. The disadvantage of this system is that it will need to be
connected to a Wi-Fi network.

3. S. Naveen proposed a system using Raspberry Pi , gas sensor , flame sensor and a
temperature sensor. In this system, the gas and flame sensor are first triggered and then
checked by the Raspberry Pi. The temperature signal is then activated for confirmation.

4. R. Dhanujalakshmi designed a system which detected the presence of fire using image
processing techniques. They used a Raspberry pi for the computation. The disadvantage was
that the algorithm is very complex and needed perfect conditions to work efficiently.

5. Sailaja Vungarala designed a system using sensors and an Arduino which identified the
flames based on its shapes and colours. The disadvantage in this method is that it does not
have a long range and for monitoring needs.

6. Reference to a book :
E. Clarke, Circuit Analysis of AC Power Systems, Vol. I. 2nd ed , New York: Wiley
Publications, 1950, p. 81.

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